Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
  • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
  • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
  • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
  • F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
  • F16C33/121—Use of special materials
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
  • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
  • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
  • F16C33/24—Brasses; Bushes; Linings with different areas of the sliding surface consisting of different materials
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
  • F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
  • F16C2204/10—Alloys based on copper
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S384/00—Bearings
  • Y10S384/90—Cooling or heating
  • Y10S384/91—Powders
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S384/00—Bearings
  • Y10S384/90—Cooling or heating
  • Y10S384/912—Metallic
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
  • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
  • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
  • Y10T428/12063—Nonparticulate metal component
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
  • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
  • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
  • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
  • Y10T428/12903—Cu-base component
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
  • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
  • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
  • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
  • Y10T428/12903—Cu-base component
  • Y10T428/12917—Next to Fe-base component
  • Y10T428/12924—Fe-base has 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]

Definitions

• the invention relates to a sliding layer based on copper, consisting of a copper or copper alloy matrix with softer metallic deposits of at least 10% by weight, which form particles with cut surfaces separated from one another with respect to a layer-parallel observation surface.
• Cast or sintered sliding layers made of lead-containing bronzes which usually have a tin content between 1 and 5% by weight and a lead content of 10 to 30% by weight, also show a heterogeneous structure which is characteristic of the respective production process and is dependent on the tin and lead content a broad statistical spread of the mean particle diameter related to the individual lead particles.
• the lead accumulates in the interdendritic spaces of the solidifying bronze, the lead particle size increasing at a lower rate of solidification, which leads to a correspondingly wide Gaussian distribution of the size of the lead excretions.
• a similar statistical distribution of lead particle sizes occurs with sintered lead bronzes, but for a different reason.
• the object of the invention is therefore to improve a sliding layer based on copper of the type described at the outset in such a way that good tribological properties corresponding to the higher contents of softer inclusions can be combined with advantageous strength values.
• the invention solves the problem in that, in the case of a summation of the particle cut surfaces beginning with the smallest cut surface and after increasing surface size, the cut surface of that particle which supplements the subtotal of the cut surfaces up to its surface size to 50% of the final sum, at most ten times the cut surface of the particle supplementing the subtotal to 5% of the final total, or at least one fifth of the largest single cut surface.
• the invention is based on the knowledge that it is for the tribological properties of a sliding layer based on copper with z. B. in the case of softer lead deposits, not only the amount of lead deposits but also their size distribution is important, in particular in the sliding surface or in a layer-parallel observation surface. If the cut surfaces between the lead particles and the observation surface lie in a limited size range, surprisingly good unexpected tribological see properties for the sliding layer can be achieved.
• the smallest cut areas of the particles resulting in the observation area may total a maximum of 5% of the total area of all cut areas if the largest of these smallest cut areas, which are negligible for the tribological effect, corresponds to at least one tenth of the cut area of the particle which is the subtotal of the cuts ⁇ areas up to its area size supplemented to 50% of the total.
• the sectional area of this particle, which supplements the subtotal to 50% of the final total, must in turn not be less than one fifth of the largest individual sectional area of all particles, so that the desired size distribution in relation to the total area is maintained.
• the cut surface of the particle which supplements the subtotal of the cut surfaces up to its surface size to 50% of the final sum, at most seven times, preferably at most six times, the cut surface of the subtotal corresponds to 5% of the final sum of complementary particles.
• the maximum permissible ratio between the area size of the particle supplementing the subtotal of the cut areas up to its area size to 50% of the final sum to the largest individual cut area can be reduced to 1: 4. Because of these size ratios, a narrower distribution range of the cut surface sizes is caused with an advantageous effect on the tribological properties of the sliding layer, without impairing the strength. It does not need to be particularly emphasized that the statements made about lead deposits also apply to other softer deposits, for example bismuth, in the copper or copper alloy matrix.
• a steel carrier shell was placed in an electrolytic bath consisting of copper, lead and nickel salts, an addition of a conductive salt which increases the electrical conductivity and a suitable additive system consisting of surfactants and brighteners in one for a sliding layer composed of 60% copper, 30% lead and 10% nickel suitable ratio, coated, and that at an average current of 4 A / dm 2 .
• the sliding layer formed had a hardness of 370 UMHV 5p and was still unsuitable as a sliding material.
• the structure according to the invention could only be achieved by heat treatment at a temperature which is above a third of the absolute melting temperature of the matrix material, but below the melting temperature of the soft phase, for a period of 1 to 10 hours compared to the corrosive components contained in lubricating oils and combustion gases.
• the ultra-ceramic hardness after this treatment was 150 UMHV 5p.
• Another possibility of producing a sliding layer according to the invention is to use a lead bronze on a cast carrier material Applying a sliding layer of 60% copper, 30% lead and 10% nickel physically in vacuum by cathode sputtering.
• the copper material is crystallized on the carrier material and, at the same time, the soft lead is stored in a fine distribution in the base material.
• the cathode sputtering can be carried out, for example, at a temperature of about 80 ° C. and an argon atmosphere in a vacuum of 2.10 3 mbar, the temperature of the cast carrier material being kept constant and being below the melting temperature of the lead material.
• the sliding layer according to the invention can also be produced by casting.
• the melt for example made of copper with 25% lead and 3% tin
• the melt can be poured onto a carrier material in a suitable casting device in such a way that the matrix solidifies and, as a result, the lead precipitates occur very quickly, so that there is a uniform one and fine structure formation comes.
• the temperature of the melt, the preheating temperature of the carrier material, the casting speed and the casting thickness can be set accordingly.
• FIG. 1 shows a sliding layer according to the invention schematically in a layer-parallel cut on an enlarged scale
• FIG. 2 shows a representation of a construction variant corresponding to FIG. 1
• FIG. 3 shows the distribution of the cut surface sizes of the lead particles in a layer-parallel observation surface in a diagram, which on the abscissa plots the log surface on a logarithmic scale shows on the one hand the area share of the respective cut surface size in the total area of the cut surfaces of all lead particles and on the other hand shows the sum of the cut surfaces totaled according to the increasing surface size.
• 1 shows a ground section of a galvanically deposited sliding layer according to the invention in a schematic representation.
• the softer lead particles 2 embedded in the base material 1 form cut surfaces in the layer-parallel grinding surface shown, which can be measured and added up in size in ascending order.
• the cut surface which supplements the subtotal of the cut surfaces to 5% of the final sum, is designated by F 5 and has a size of 0.11 ⁇ m 2 in the selected exemplary embodiment, which shows a lead content of 20%. Accordingly, the lead particle whose cutting surface adds the subtotal of the cutting surfaces to 50% with F 50 and the largest single cutting surface with F 100 .
• the sectional area F 50 is 0.63 ⁇ m 2
• the sectional area F 100 is 2.19 ⁇ m 2 .
• the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 shows the typical conditions for a sliding layer physically applied in a vacuum by sputtering.
• Lead particles 2 are again stored in the base material 1, which make up a weight fraction of 28%.
• the cut surfaces F 5, F 50 and F 100 are registered again, wherein microns for these areas, an amount of 0.10 2, 0.51 micron 2 and 1, 73 microns 2 is obtained.
• the cut surfaces of the lead deposits 2, which are visible in the ground surface, of a sliding layer which is characteristic of the invention are arranged in size on the abscissa and their share in the total surface area of all measured cut surfaces is plotted on the ordinate, so that the resultant resulting curve 3 illustrates the size distribution of the cut surfaces of the lead particles 2 in the grinding surface.
• curve 3 was created on the basis of moving averages.
• Curve 4 shows the course of the subtotal of the individual cut surfaces in the case of a summation of the lead particle cut surfaces starting with the smallest cut surface and taking place after increasing surface size.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
• Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=3508407

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

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Citations (6)

Family Cites Families (5)

• 1995
  • 1995-07-12 AT AT0118395A patent/AT402436B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1996
  • 1996-07-04 EP EP96920626A patent/EP0837955B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1996-07-04 AU AU61816/96A patent/AU6181696A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1996-07-04 US US08/981,974 patent/US6022629A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1996-07-04 DE DE59601509T patent/DE59601509D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1996-07-04 WO PCT/AT1996/000118 patent/WO1997003228A1/de active IP Right Grant
  • 1996-07-08 IN IN1245CA1996 patent/IN188945B/en unknown

Patent Citations (6)

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