Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
  • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
  • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
  • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
  • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
  • B09B2101/02—Gases or liquids enclosed in discarded articles, e.g. aerosol cans or cooling systems of refrigerators
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2075/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
  • B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
  • B29K2705/02—Aluminium
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
  • B29K2705/08—Transition metals
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
  • B29K2705/08—Transition metals
  • B29K2705/10—Copper
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
  • B29K2705/08—Transition metals
  • B29K2705/12—Iron
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2711/00—Use of natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29K2601/00 - B29K2709/00, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
  • B29K2711/14—Wood, e.g. woodboard or fibreboard
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
  • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
  • B29L2031/10—Building elements, e.g. bricks, blocks, tiles, panels, posts, beams
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
  • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
  • B29L2031/28—Tools, e.g. cutlery
  • B29L2031/286—Cutlery
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
  • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
  • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
  • B29L2031/3055—Cars
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
  • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
  • B29L2031/762—Household appliances
  • B29L2031/7622—Refrigerators
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
  • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
  • Y02W30/82—Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the recycling of cooling devices by removing easily removable parts such as glass plates, switches, cables, lighting fixtures and the like, removing the cooling medium / oil mixture from the cooling circuit and removing the compressor or compressors and shredding the partially dismantled cooling device, the propellant gas released from the insulating material is fed to an activated carbon filter.
• the present invention further relates to the separation of the comminuted material into a light fraction and a heavy fraction, the further comminution of the light fraction in a comminution system, which is preferably designed as a roller conveyor, and the liquefaction of the propellant gas released.
• One of the important disposal tasks is the reprocessing of used cooling devices.
• the reprocessing is of interest not only because ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, plastics and certain easy-to-dismantle parts such as switches, lighting fixtures, plugs and the like can be recovered, but it is very important that the dismantling of the cooling devices in such a way that the propellant gas present in the insulating material of the cooling device, which is essentially CFCs, is completely absorbed.
• DE 4027056 AI describes a method and a device for the disposal of cooling devices, in particular those with PUR foam insulation.
• the cooling device freed from the cooling unit is first introduced into a pre-shredder.
• the pre-shredded material then goes into a hammer mill.
• Heavy materials such as sheet iron, plastic, wood and non-ferrous metals are separated from the light PUR foam.
• the PUR foam now gets into an eddy current mill.
• the PU foam which has largely been freed of blowing agents, is fed to a briquetting press, where the last portions of blowing gas are removed.
• the system is located in a closed housing, the CFC-air mixture being sucked out of the housing and activated carbon being supplied as an adsorbent.
• the CFC adsorbed on the activated carbon is then desorbed with water vapor.
• a further disadvantage is the complex comminution of the device or the PUR display in a sequence of hammer mill, secondary comminution, eddy current mill and briquetting press.
• DE 3905610 C1 describes a method for environmentally friendly partial recycling of cooling devices, in which these are also roughly crushed and then finely crushed in an enclosed space.
• the separated PUR foam is now additionally freed from blowing agent (CFC) in a press station and is finally compacted.
• the coarse shredder is a shredder. The fine reduction is not described in detail.
• the comminution system is continuously sucked off by a fan, again a comparatively diluted CFC / air mixture being passed over activated carbon as the adsorbent.
• the method has the same disadvantages as the one already described above.
• blowing agent which is released from the comminution devices is also sucked off and thereby reaches a large dilution in an adsorption system.
• a beater mill, a cutting mill and an eddy current mill are used as comminution devices.
• EP 0433638 A2 discloses a method and a system for disposing of partially disposed cooling devices.
• the partially disposed cooling devices are comminuted in a comminution system to a grain size of approximately 10 mm.
• the PUR foam is separated and ground into powder in a blower mill.
• a total of approximately 90% by weight of the CFCs present in the PUR foam are fed as air mixture to a refrigeration system from the shredding system.
• Switches in particular mercury inclination switches, lighting fixtures, cables and plugs, are first removed from the supplied cooling units and stored in sorted containers in storage containers. Furthermore, the glass plates are removed from the cooling device. The cooling circuit is then drilled in a suction station and the coolant (CFC, for example so-called R12, dichlorodifluoromethane) / oil mixture is suctioned off.
• the drilling of the cooling circuit is preferably carried out by means of a drill head which is equipped with a two-lip seal.
• the CFC / oil mixture is led or sucked into a container in which the coolant is separated. After the coolant has passed through a filter, it is compressed and liquefied by means of a compressor.
• the extracted oil is freed from CFCs in an oil degassing plant, except usually below 0.2% by weight of CFCs.
• the excreted CFCs can be returned to the separation unit for the CFC / oil mixture and can also be filled into transport bottles in liquid form.
• the separated oil is also collected in commercially available containers.
• the compressor possibly the compressors, is cut out of the cooling device. This is done, for example, with hydraulic shears.
• the cooling device which has been partially dismantled in this way now arrives at the entrance lock of the comminution system.
• the entire shredding plant area including locks, is connected to a circulating air and exhaust pipe system in order to be able to feed the blowing agent (CFC e.g. so-called Rll, trichlorofluoromethane) released in the shredding plant to an activated carbon filter.
• CFC blowing agent
• the cooling devices are preferably first cut into strips, for example into strips ⁇ 40 mm wide.
• the strips are then shredded to a grain size of approximately 15 mm. This can be done by a shredder device or several, preferably two devices.
• the partially dismantled refrigerating appliances by means of a "cutting disc rotor in example 40 mm wide strips are cut.
• a second cutting disc rotor By means of a second cutting disc rotor, a cutting is performed in, for example, 15 mm wide strips.
• a third cutting disc rotor Said transversely to the two devices is arranged by a third cutting disc rotor, occurs the strips are cut into, for example, 15 mm wide pieces, and the comminuted material then passes through an outlet lock into a downstream separation system, preferably a wind sifting device. There the light fraction, essentially consisting of the insulating foam, is separated from the heavy fraction.
• the heavy goods fraction first gets into a cleaning drum.
• the drum works on the principle of a concrete mixing machine. Due to the friction of the materials against each other, residual adhesion of the insulating material to ferrous and non-ferrous metals is separated.
• the light fraction is separated from the circulating air by means of a cyclone and enters a pan mill via a lock.
• the insulating material is pressed by means of rollers or rollers through a perforated disk (die) provided with openings.
• the gas bubbles in the insulating foam are rubbed off by the mechanical treatment.
• the temperature occurring in this case additionally favors the degassing of the insulating foam.
• the material is compressed by pressing through the holes in the perforated disc.
• the degassed and compressed material emerging from the perforated disc can be bagged behind the comminution system.
• the die of the pan mill has such bores that the compression ratio, namely bore diameter to die thickness, is 1: 3 to 1: 7.
• the comminution system for the light fraction is connected to a processing system via a pipe system and is continuously extracted.
• the gas stream which contains the propellant gas in a relatively high concentration, is fed to a liquefaction plant via at least one cooler, preferably a water cooler and a drying plant. From there, the liquefied CFCs can be filled into transport bottles.
• the water condensate in the water cooler can be used as explained below in connection with the propellant gas / air flow from the shredder system.
• the exhaust air from the first shredding plant which can contain the propellant gas (CFC) in about ten times the dilution compared to the propellant gas / air mixture from the pan mill, is passed through activated carbon filters.
• CFC propellant gas
• the propellant gas / air stream is also preferably cooled and dried.
• the water obtained in this way can be added to the foaming agent-free foam material, it can also be added to the material to be degassed before it enters the pan mill to increase vapor formation and thus improve the expulsion of propellant gas.
• the gas mixture After flowing through a dust filter, the gas mixture reaches the activated carbon filter.
• This preferably consists of two activated carbon beds, each of which contains, for example, approximately 250 kg of activated carbon. These bed fillings can process at least 40 refrigerators per hour, whereby CFCs cannot penetrate the filter. The number of units depends on the size of the processed cooling units.
• the degree of comminution in the first and second comminution stages for example 40% to 45% of the total propellant gas present in the insulating material is released in the first stage and passed to the activated carbon filter.
• the activated carbon After loading an activated carbon filter bed, the activated carbon is desorbed while the second bed is put into operation. For example, by means of internal heating, the propellant gas adsorbed on the activated carbon can be desorbed up to at least 90%. The released propellant gas now reaches a liquefaction plant, where it is liquefied and filled into transport bottles.
• the process according to the invention is preferably operated continuously.
• a discontinuous mode of operation as is done according to the prior art, is also possible.
• the inventive division of the release of the propellant gas in the first and second comminution stages, part of the propellant gas being adsorbed on activated carbon in a relatively high dilution with air and a further portion being liquefied in a relatively high concentration directly after cooling and drying, allows to operate the cooling device disposal system according to the invention particularly economically.
• the selection of the comminution devices preferred according to the invention permits practically complete recovery of the propellant gas present in the cooling device. Icing of the liquefaction plants can be effectively prevented by drying the gas mixtures containing propellant gas.
• process according to the invention can also be used to work up other foams, for example sound and heat insulation materials, production waste and motor vehicle parts which contain blowing foams or other rigid foam parts with virtually complete recovery of the blowing agent.
• foams for example sound and heat insulation materials, production waste and motor vehicle parts which contain blowing foams or other rigid foam parts with virtually complete recovery of the blowing agent.
• the process also allows the recovery of propellants that do not belong to the CFC group, e.g. Hydrocarbon propellants or other propellant gases, additional safety precautions possibly being taken.
• propellants that do not belong to the CFC group, e.g. Hydrocarbon propellants or other propellant gases, additional safety precautions possibly being taken.
• Devices which contain 'as a coolant instead of CFCs such as R 12 non-CFC coolants such as ammonia can also be disposed of in accordance with the invention after the ammonia has been extracted.
• Old cooling units are delivered via warehouse 1. At first you get to the pre-sorting 2. There pollutants in container 3 are removed if necessary. Cables go to container 4, household waste in container 5 and glass in container 6. Loose plastic parts are collected in container 7. The partially dismantled cooling units for coolant and oil extraction are conveyed to 8 via 8. 10, the refrigerator is removed. 11 represents the shredding plant with shredder and 12 the shredding plant for the light fraction. From 12 the propellant is filled in 14 and the shredded insulating foam in 15. Behind the shredding plant 11 there is a sorting into 13 into non-ferrous metals 16, plastics 17 and ferrous metals 18. Coolant and oil from 9 get into filling containers 19 and 20. If the device contains ammonia as a coolant, it also comes to dismantling 10 via the ammonia suction 21, while the ammonia is collected in 22.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
• Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Priority Applications (6)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=25962793

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Cited By (2)

Citations (6)

Family Cites Families (2)

• 1994
  • 1994-04-08 JP JP6071029A patent/JP2814472B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1995
  • 1995-03-28 ZA ZA952527A patent/ZA952527B/xx unknown
  • 1995-05-09 WO PCT/DE1995/000621 patent/WO1996035524A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (7)

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