WO1996011893A1 - Process for providing a selective nutrient medium for fungi, especially edible fungi - Google Patents

Process for providing a selective nutrient medium for fungi, especially edible fungi Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996011893A1
WO1996011893A1 PCT/DE1995/001354 DE9501354W WO9611893A1 WO 1996011893 A1 WO1996011893 A1 WO 1996011893A1 DE 9501354 W DE9501354 W DE 9501354W WO 9611893 A1 WO9611893 A1 WO 9611893A1
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Prior art keywords
fermentation
fermented
substrate
vaccine
water
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PCT/DE1995/001354
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German (de)
French (fr)
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Jürgen Kynast
Ullrich Felix Vogel
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Kynast Juergen
Ullrich Felix Vogel
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Publication of WO1996011893A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996011893A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a selective nutrient medium for mushrooms, in particular edible mushrooms.
  • Fermented (composted) substrates are of great importance in mushroom cultivation, especially in Europe for the cultivation of mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) and oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus sp.).
  • the spontaneous succession of the latent thermophilic microorganisms is promoted by suitable conditions. This is done by heating to 45 ° C to 65 ° C and aerating the moistened substrate. Such a fermentation lasts 2 to 7 days (straw as breeding ground for the oyster mushroom) or 10 to 21 days (horse manure + supplements as breeding ground for the
  • Mushroom and is carried out in batches. By moving the substrate, it can be homogenized. A temperature treatment (60 ° C - 75 ° C) for 6 to 24 hours is used for hygienization, i.e. used to eliminate animal pests and competitors (Jan Lelley 1991: Mushroom cultivation p.102ff., S171ff.). After the fermentation has ended, the substrate must be cooled to a suitable temperature.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a continuous process suitable for as many types of mushrooms and raw material compositions as possible
  • a vaccine is obtained by separating part of the liquid phase of the fermented substrate and the microorganisms suspended in the liquid phase after or during the microbiological conversion, with which the fresh fermentation material is added. This ensures that suitable microorganisms are added in sufficient quantity and do not have to develop in a spontaneous succession.
  • water-soluble nutrients are simultaneously concentrated in the fermented substrate at the beginning of the fermentation and are depleted after the separation of the microorganism suspension. The same applies to the heat contained in the water.
  • the high concentration of microorganisms at the beginning of the fermentation combined with the increased concentration of readily available water-soluble nutrients (compared to only a moistened substrate) accelerates the metabolism of microflora.
  • the fermentation process is greatly shortened and accelerated.
  • the fermentation process can be designed continuously by the extreme shortening of the process. - The heat contained in the substrate water is largely recovered. With a suitable process control, cooling of the fermented substrate is unnecessary.
  • the substrate has a very high selectivity due to the combination of a fermentation process with an extraction process.
  • mushrooms can be grown on the same substrate. Examples: oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus), mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus), green sulfur head (Hypholoma fasciculare), curled hen (Sparassis crispa), herb mushrooms
  • the process can be adapted to the different requirements of the individual mushroom strings.
  • Chopped straw is hygienized by the action of dry steam and then moistened with the aqueous microorganism suspension from an enrichment culture to maximum water holding capacity.
  • the mixture After heating to 45 ° C., the mixture is fermented for 30 minutes, that is to say aerated and kept at temperature.
  • the microorganism suspension thus obtained is supplemented by tap water and used to moisten fresh chopped straw, which is then reheated and fermented.
  • the partially dewatered chopped straw is cooled to a water content of
  • the substrate obtained in this way is excellently suitable for the culture of mushrooms (Pleurotus sp.).

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
  • Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)

Abstract

Fermented fungus soils have so far been produced in batches by a spontaneous succession of aerobic, thermophilic microflora, especially for growing oyster and Paris mushrooms. The process takes between 2 and 14 days. The novel process is based on the fact that, by separating part of the liquid phase of the fermented medium and the suspended micro-organisms in the liquid phase after or during microbiological reaction, an inoculum is obtained with which can be added to the medium still to be fermented. This partial return of substrate water concentrates micro-organisms, water soluble nutrients and heat in the medium at the start of fermentation and depletes them on the conclusion of fermentation in the medium. The rate of metabolism of the micro-organic population is thus increased and the fermentation time required can be reduced to the extent where the process can be run continuously. USE: The continuous production of selective fungus growing media.

Description

Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines selektiven Nährbodens für Pilze, insbesondere Speisepilze.Process for producing a selective culture medium for mushrooms, in particular edible mushrooms.
BESCHREIBUNGDESCRIPTION
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines selektiven Nährbodens für Pilze, insbesondere Speisepilze.The invention relates to a method for producing a selective nutrient medium for mushrooms, in particular edible mushrooms.
Fermentierte (kompostierte) Substrate haben in der Pilzzucht eine große Bedeutung, in Europa insbesondere zur Kultivierung von Champignon (Agaricus bisporus) und Austernseitling (Pleurotus sp.).Fermented (composted) substrates are of great importance in mushroom cultivation, especially in Europe for the cultivation of mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) and oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus sp.).
In der Regel wird die spontane Sukzession der latent vorhandenen thermophilen Mikroorganismen durch geeignete Bedingungen gefördert. Dies geschieht durch Aufheizen auf 45°C bis 65°C und Belüften des angefeuchteten Substrates. Eine solche Fermentation dauert 2 bis 7 Tage (Stroh als Nährboden für den Austernpilz) oder 10 bis 21 Tage (Pferdemist + Zuschläge als Nährboden für denAs a rule, the spontaneous succession of the latent thermophilic microorganisms is promoted by suitable conditions. This is done by heating to 45 ° C to 65 ° C and aerating the moistened substrate. Such a fermentation lasts 2 to 7 days (straw as breeding ground for the oyster mushroom) or 10 to 21 days (horse manure + supplements as breeding ground for the
Champignon) und wird chargenweise durchgeführt. Durch Umsetzen des Substrates kann dieses homogenisiert werden. Eine Temperaturbehandlung (60°C - 75°C) über 6 bis 24 Stunden wird zur Hygienisierung, d.h. zur Eliminierung von tierischen Schädlingen und Konkurrenten eingesetzt (Jan Lelley 1991 : Pilzanbau S.102ff.,S171ff.). Nach Beendigung der Fermentation muß das Substrat auf eine geeignete Temperatur abgekühlt werden.Mushroom) and is carried out in batches. By moving the substrate, it can be homogenized. A temperature treatment (60 ° C - 75 ° C) for 6 to 24 hours is used for hygienization, i.e. used to eliminate animal pests and competitors (Jan Lelley 1991: Mushroom cultivation p.102ff., S171ff.). After the fermentation has ended, the substrate must be cooled to a suitable temperature.
Die Vorteile fermentierter Substrate gegenüber nicht fermentierten Substraten sind v.a. in ihrer Unempfindlichkeit gegenüber schneller wachsenden Konkurrenzpilzen zu sehen, wie z.B. Trichoderma sp., daß heißt in ihrer hohen Selektivität für den jeweiligen Kulturpilz. Dies wird einerseits erreicht durch die Ausbildung einer Metabolit-Schutzwirkung (Deutsches Patentamt, Offenlegungsschrift 2125692) der thermophilen Mikroflora, andererseits durch Assimilation der wasserlöslichen, leicht verfügbaren Nährstoffe im Substrat (Stölzer,S. 1990: Schutz von Speisepilzsubstraten vor Schimmelpilzbefall durch Starterkulturen und Temperaturvorbehandlung. Dissertation, Universität Hannover). Als Nachteil ist insbesondere der hohe Energiebedarf und die lange Prozeßdauer anzusehen. Hinzu kommt ein deutlicher Substratverlust durch die Tätigkeit der Mikroorganismen, der in der Regel zwischen 10% (Strohsubstrate für Austernpilze) und 50% (Pferdemistsubstrate für Champignons) liegt. Eine kontinuierliche Prozeßführung ist auf Grund der langen Prozeßdauer aus ökonomischen Gründen nicht möglich. Zur Beschleunigung des Fermentationsprozesses wurde vorgeschlagen (Stölzer.S. 1990: Schutz von Speisepilzsubstraten vor Schimmelpilzbefall durch Starterkulturen und Temperaturvorbehandlung. Dissertation, Universität Hannover), das Fermentationsgut mit einer Reinkultur eines geeigneten Mikroorganismenstammes zu beimpfen. Die Herstellung einer geeigneten Reinkultur in ausreichender Menge scheint für die Praxis jedoch zu aufwendig zu sein. Andere Verfahren umgehen den Fermentationsprozess, indem insbesondere die für die Entwicklung der Konkurrenten wichtigen wasserlöslichen Nährstoffe ausgespültThe advantages of fermented substrates compared to non-fermented substrates can be seen above all in their insensitivity to faster growing competitive fungi, such as Trichoderma sp., That is to say in their high selectivity for the respective culture fungus. This is achieved on the one hand by the formation of a metabolite protective effect (German Patent Office, publication 2125692) of the thermophilic microflora, on the other hand by assimilation of the water-soluble, readily available nutrients in the substrate (Stölzer, p. 1990: protection of edible mushroom substrates from mold attack by starter cultures and temperature pretreatment. Dissertation, University of Hanover). The high energy requirement and the long process time are particularly disadvantageous. In addition, there is a significant loss of substrate due to the activity of the microorganisms, which is usually between 10% (straw substrates for oyster mushrooms) and 50% (horse manure substrates for mushrooms). Continuous process control is not possible due to the long process duration for economic reasons. In order to accelerate the fermentation process, it was proposed (Stölzer, 1990: Protection of edible substrate from mold infestation by starter cultures and temperature pretreatment. Dissertation, University of Hanover) to inoculate the fermentation material with a pure culture of a suitable microorganism strain. However, the production of a suitable pure culture in sufficient quantity appears to be too expensive for practice. Other processes circumvent the fermentation process, in particular by flushing out the water-soluble nutrients that are important for the development of the competitors
(Deutsche Patentschrift DE 39 38 659 C1 ) oder extrahiert (Deutsches Patent P 40 34 622.6-09) werden. Zumindest das letzte Verfahren ist auch kontinuierlich durchführbar. Eine so hohe Selektivität des Nährbodens, wie sie mit einer Fermentation erreicht werden kann, ist mit diesen Verfahren jedoch nicht erreichbar. Bei einer Sterilisierung des Substrates, einem Standardverfahren der Mikrobiologie, werden zwar sämtliche konkurrierende Mikroorganismen abgetötet, doch verliert das Substrat durch diese Hitzebehandlung sämtliche selektiven Eigenschaften. Die Behandlung mit Lauge (Deutsches Patent Nr. 40 26 585) ist gut geeignet, um auch unter nicht sterilen Bedingungen große Mengen Pilzbrut aus Getreide herzustellen. Dieses erhält durch die Behandlung ausreichend hohe selektive Eigenschaften. Für die Behandlung von lignozellulosehaltigem Material ist dieses Verfahren nach eigener Erfahrung jedoch weniger geeignet.(German Patent DE 39 38 659 C1) or extracted (German Patent P 40 34 622.6-09). At least the last procedure can also be carried out continuously. However, the selectivity of the nutrient medium is not as high as can be achieved with fermentation. When the substrate is sterilized, a standard method in microbiology, all competing microorganisms are killed, but the substrate loses all selective properties through this heat treatment. Treatment with lye (German Patent No. 40 26 585) is well suited to producing large amounts of mushroom brood from cereals even under non-sterile conditions. This gives the treatment sufficiently high selective properties. Experience has shown that this method is less suitable for the treatment of lignocellulosic material.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein für möglichst viele Pilzarten und Rohstoffzusammensetzungen geeignetes, kontinuierliches Verfahren zurThe object of the invention is to provide a continuous process suitable for as many types of mushrooms and raw material compositions as possible
Substraterzeugung zu entwickeln, mit welchem durch eine thermophile, mikrobiologischeTo develop substrate production by means of a thermophilic, microbiological
Umsetzung ein hochselektives Substrat in möglichst kurzer Zeit mit geringemImplementation of a highly selective substrate in the shortest possible time with little
Energieaufwand erzeugt wird.Energy expenditure is generated.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß durch Abtrennung eines Teils der flüssigen Phase des fermentierten Substrates und der in der flüssigen Phase suspendierten Mikroorganismen nach oder während der mikrobiologischen Umsetzung ein Impfstoff gewonnen wird, mit welchem das frische Fermentationsgut versetzt wird. Dadurch wird bewirkt, daß geeignete Mikroorganismen in ausreichender Menge zugesetzt werden, und sich nicht erst in einer spontanen Sukzession entwickeln müssen. Durch die Abtrennung und Rückführung der Mikroorganismensuspension werden im fermentierten Substrat gleichzeitig wasserlösliche Nährstoffe zu Beginn der Fermentation aufkonzentriert und nach der Abtrennung der Mikroorganismensuspension verarmt. Das gleiche gilt für die im Wasser enthaltene Wärme.This object is achieved in that a vaccine is obtained by separating part of the liquid phase of the fermented substrate and the microorganisms suspended in the liquid phase after or during the microbiological conversion, with which the fresh fermentation material is added. This ensures that suitable microorganisms are added in sufficient quantity and do not have to develop in a spontaneous succession. By separating and recycling the microorganism suspension, water-soluble nutrients are simultaneously concentrated in the fermented substrate at the beginning of the fermentation and are depleted after the separation of the microorganism suspension. The same applies to the heat contained in the water.
Die hohe Mikroorganismenkonzentration zu Beginn der Fermentation, kombiniert mit der erhöhten Konzentration an leicht verfügbaren wasserlöslichen Nährstoffen (im Vergleich mit lediglich angefeuchtetem Substrat) beschleunigt die Stoffwechselleistung der Mikroflora. Der Fermentationsprozeß wird stark verkürzt und beschleunigt.The high concentration of microorganisms at the beginning of the fermentation, combined with the increased concentration of readily available water-soluble nutrients (compared to only a moistened substrate) accelerates the metabolism of microflora. The fermentation process is greatly shortened and accelerated.
Die mit der Erfindung erzielbaren Vorteile bestehen insbesondere darin, daßThe advantages that can be achieved with the invention are in particular that
- der Fermentationsprozeß durch die extreme zeitliche Verkürzung des Verfahrens kontinuierlich gestaltet werden kann. - die im Substratwasser enthaltene Wärme weitestgehend zurückgewonnen wird. Bei geeigneter Prozeßführung erübrigt sich ein Abkühlen des fermentierten Substrates.- The fermentation process can be designed continuously by the extreme shortening of the process. - The heat contained in the substrate water is largely recovered. With a suitable process control, cooling of the fermented substrate is unnecessary.
- das Substrat durch die Kombination eines Fermentationsprozesses mit einem Extraktionsprozess eine sehr hohe Selektivität besitzt.- The substrate has a very high selectivity due to the combination of a fermentation process with an extraction process.
- der Anbau unterschiedlicher Pilzarten auf dem gleichen Substrat möglich ist. Beispiele: Austernpilze (Pleurotus ostreatus), Champignon (Agaricus bisporus), Grüner Schwefelkopf (Hypholoma fasciculare), Krause Glucke (Sparassis crispa), Kräuterseitling- Different types of mushrooms can be grown on the same substrate. Examples: oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus), mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus), green sulfur head (Hypholoma fasciculare), curled hen (Sparassis crispa), herb mushrooms
(Pleurotus eryngii), Kulturträuschiing (Stropharia rugosoannulata), Rauchblättriger Schwefelkopf (Hypholoma capnoides), Rehbrauner Dachpilz (Pluteus atricapillus), Schopftintling (Coprinus comatus), Shii-take (Lentinus edodes), Südlicher Schüppling (Agrocybe aegerita).(Pleurotus eryngii), Kulturträuschiing (Stropharia rugosoannulata), Rauchblättriger sulfur head (Hypholoma capnoides), fawn-brown roof mushroom (Pluteus atricapillus), Schopftintling (Coprinus comatus), Shii-take (Lentinus edodesling) (Ag.
- durch Änderung des Extraktionsgrades, der Fermentationsdauer, der Fermentationstemperatur und der Wahl der Rohstoffe und Zuschlagsstoffe das Verfahren an die verschiedenen Ansprüche der einzelnen Pilzaiten angepaßt werden kann.- By changing the degree of extraction, the duration of fermentation, the fermentation temperature and the choice of raw materials and additives, the process can be adapted to the different requirements of the individual mushroom strings.
- die Substratverluste durch die kurze Fermentationszeit stark reduziert werden. AUSFUHRUNGSBEISPIEL- The substrate losses are greatly reduced due to the short fermentation time. EXAMPLE OF EXAMPLE
Strohhäcksel wird durch Einwirkung von trockenem Dampf hygienisiert und anschließend mit der wässrigen Mikroorganismensuspension aus einer Anreicherungskultur auf maximale Wasserhaltekapazität befeuchtet.Chopped straw is hygienized by the action of dry steam and then moistened with the aqueous microorganism suspension from an enrichment culture to maximum water holding capacity.
Nach der Erwärmung auf 45°C wird die Mischung 30 Minuten lang fermentiert, daß heißt belüftet und auf Temperatur gehalten.After heating to 45 ° C., the mixture is fermented for 30 minutes, that is to say aerated and kept at temperature.
Anschließend wird ein Teil des im Strohhäcksel enthaltenen Substratwassers abgetrennt. Die so erhaltene Mikroorganismensuspension wird durch Leitungswasser ergänzt und zum Befeuchten von frischem Strohhäcksel verwendet, welches wieder erwärmt und fermentiert wird.Then part of the substrate water contained in the straw chop is separated. The microorganism suspension thus obtained is supplemented by tap water and used to moisten fresh chopped straw, which is then reheated and fermented.
Die teilentwässerten Strohhäcksel werden mit kaltem Wasser auf einen Wassergehalt vonThe partially dewatered chopped straw is cooled to a water content of
75% gebracht. Das so erhaltene Substrat ist hervorragend für die Kultur von Austempilzen (Pleurotus sp.) geeignet. Brought 75%. The substrate obtained in this way is excellently suitable for the culture of mushrooms (Pleurotus sp.).

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE PATENT CLAIMS
1. Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines selektiven Nährbodens für Pilze, insbesondere Speisepilze, aus angefeuchtetem lignozellulosehaltigem Material, welches einer mikrobiologischen Umsetzung bei Temperaturen zwischen 20°C und 75°C unterzogen und bei Bedarf hygienisiert wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß durch Abtrennung eines Teils der flüssigen Phase des fermentierten Substrates und der in der flüssigen Phase enthaltenen Mikroorganismen nach oder während der mikrobiologischen Umsetzung ein Impfstoff gewonnen wird, mit welchem das noch zu fermentierende Substrat versetzt wird.1. A process for producing a selective nutrient medium for fungi, in particular edible mushrooms, from moistened lignocellulosic material, which is subjected to a microbiological reaction at temperatures between 20 ° C and 75 ° C and is hygienized if necessary, characterized in that a part of the liquid is separated off Phase of the fermented substrate and the microorganisms contained in the liquid phase after or during the microbiological conversion, a vaccine is obtained with which the substrate still to be fermented is added.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Nährboden vor, während .oder nach der Fermentation bei Bedarf ergänzende mineralische Nährstoffe, organische Nährstoffe, strukturbiidende Materialien, wasserhaltende Materialien oder pH-Wert stabilisierende Zuschläge zugegeben werden.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that supplementary mineral nutrients, organic nutrients, structure-building materials, water-holding materials or pH-stabilizing additives are added to the nutrient medium before, during or after the fermentation.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Einmischen des Impfstoffes durch Spülen des Fermentationsgutes mit dem Impfstoff oder durch Befeuchten des frischen Fermentationsgutes mit dem Impfstoff, bei Bedarf ergänzt durch Wasser, durchgeführt wird.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixing of the vaccine is carried out by rinsing the fermentation material with the vaccine or by moistening the fresh fermentation material with the vaccine, if necessary supplemented by water.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abtrennung der wäßrigen Mikroorganismensuspension durch einen ein- oder mehrstufigen Spülvorgang, d.h. eine Gegenstrom- oder Kreuzgegenstromextraktion oder durch einen ein- oder mehrstufigen Abpreßvorgang durchgeführt wird.4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation of the aqueous microorganism suspension by a single or multi-stage rinsing process, i.e. a countercurrent or cross-countercurrent extraction or by a single or multi-stage pressing process is carried out.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fermentation ein- oder mehrstufig, d.h. bei einem oder mehreren unterschiedlichen Temperaturniveaus, durchgeführt wird. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fermentation is carried out in one or more stages, ie at one or more different temperature levels.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Hygienisierung des Nährbodens vor, während oder nach der Fermentation durch die Einwirkung hoher Drücke oder schneller Druckwechsel auf den Nährboden oder durch die Einwirkung von Scherkräften auf den Nährboden oder durch Einwirkung von höheren Temperaturen auf den Nährboden bewirkt wird.6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a hygienization of the culture medium before, during or after the fermentation by the action of high pressures or rapid pressure changes on the culture medium or by the action of shear forces on the culture medium or by the action of higher temperatures on the Breeding ground is effected.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fermentationsdauer zwischen 5 Minuten und 24 Stunden beträgt.7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fermentation time is between 5 minutes and 24 hours.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Fermentationsprozeß aerob oder teilweise anaerob oder ganz anaerob verläuft.8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fermentation process is aerobic or partially anaerobic or completely anaerobic.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wassergehalt des fermentierten Substrates bei Bedarf durch Zugabe oder Abpressen von Wasser auf eine für die jeweilige Pilzkultur geeignete Höhe gebracht wird. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the water content of the fermented substrate is brought to a suitable level for the respective mushroom culture if necessary by adding or squeezing water.
PCT/DE1995/001354 1994-10-14 1995-09-28 Process for providing a selective nutrient medium for fungi, especially edible fungi WO1996011893A1 (en)

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