JPH087B2 - Mushroom cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for cultivating mushrooms mainly edible mushrooms.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Enokitake, which is an edible mushroom,
In the cultivation of oyster mushrooms, beech mushrooms, nameko, maitake mushrooms, etc., log cultivation was performed by ingesting seed fungus into the log and spreading mushrooms mainly in the log outdoors to generate mushrooms. Has required a great deal of labor to transport raw wood, and in recent years, it has become difficult to obtain high-quality raw wood, and is declining.

On the other hand, a fungal bed cultivation method has been widely adopted in place of such a raw wood cultivation method. In the general fungal bed cultivation method, sawdust is mixed with a nutrient such as rice bran or bran. Then, the culture medium prepared to have a water content of 60 to 63% is placed in a bag made of a synthetic resin film or a container made of heat-resistant glass, and sterilized in a sterilizer under pressure or normal pressure. Then, it is cooled to the required temperature and inoculated with inoculum in a sterile room for cultivation.

In such a cultivation method, when the sterilization state of the medium is incomplete, various bacteria are propagated in the medium and mushrooms cannot be cultivated at all. In the former high-pressure sterilization method, a special sterilization pot is provided and 1.2 kg / c
The inside of the medium was heated to about 120 ° C. under a pressure of about m ^{2 and} kept at this temperature condition for 1 to 1.5 hours for sterilization treatment. On the other hand, in the latter method of normal pressure sterilization, the medium temperature in the container reached 95 to 100 ° C. and was maintained for 2 to 3 hours for sterilization.

[0005]

However, in the above-mentioned fungal bed cultivation method, it cannot be said that the sterilization treatment to the medium is sufficient, and the incidence of pathogenic bacteria such as Trichoderma and miscellaneous bacteria such as blue mold is high during the cultivation period. There is a problem.

One of the causes of such germs is
It is considered that not only broad-leaved trees but also conifers, which are known to contain a lot of terpenes and other hyphae growth-inhibiting substances and whose decomposition and aging rates are slow, are used as substitutes for the medium material.

When attempting to cope with the medium prepared from various trees by the above-mentioned high-pressure sterilization method, specifically, auxiliary equipment such as a steam generation boiler and a heavy oil storage tank is required. Yes, 3000 culture bottles with medium
When using the high-pressure sterilization kettle that contains this, it takes 4 hours to achieve the predetermined medium temperature and pressure conditions, and further, an extremely long treatment of 1 hour for sterilization treatment and 5 hours for decompression / cooling treatment. A process is required. Further, there is a problem in that work safety cannot be ensured because the above-mentioned high pressure and high heat conditions are used.

Therefore, the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and various pathogens and other germs are generated during the cultivation period even when a medium material is adopted for the cultivation method of mushrooms regardless of whether it is a coniferous tree or a broad-leaved tree. It is a difficult cultivation method, and it is an object to make it possible to cultivate safely with simple equipment and efficiently reduce the sterilization treatment time.

[0009]

To solve the above object, according to an aspect of, in the present invention, 150 to 300 ° C. in a dry state woody ^{materials, 1.0 × 10 3 ~3.0 × 10} 3 k
After heat and pressure treatment at g / cm ² for 1 to 5 minutes, the obtained medium material is swelled and sterilized by adding hot water at 90 to 100 ° C., and then inoculated with inoculum for cultivation. Means have been adopted.

[0010] or, in a state in which the drying of the wood quality-based materials 15
0 to 300 ° C., 1.0 × 10 ^{3 to} 3.0 × 10 ³ kg /
Heat and pressure treatment at 1 cm ² for 1 to 5 minutes, and the obtained culture medium material at 150 to 300 ° C. for 1 hour using a high frequency dielectric heating device.
A means for heating for 0 to 15 minutes and then adding hot water at 90 to 100 ° C. for swelling and sterilization treatment , followed by inoculation with inoculum and cultivation.

[0011]

The medium used in the method for cultivating mushrooms of the present invention comprises a wood-based material, which is a main material, at 150 to 300 ° C.
Pretreatment at a relatively high temperature for a short time of 1 to 5 minutes has reduced the amount of fats and oils, terpenes, phenol compounds and other components that inhibit the growth of mycelium.
This makes it possible to widely use plant materials other than hardwood.

When the medium material denatured by the above-mentioned high temperature treatment is treated at a high pressure of 1.0 × 10 ^{3 to} 3.0 × 10 ³ kg / cm ² , the material is softened and the texture of the tissue remains even under an optical microscope. The destruction can be observed. By combining these physical and chemical changes, lignin, cellulose, etc. are partially destroyed, resulting in an excellent medium in which bacteria can easily grow in a short period of time. In addition, such a medium is subjected to heat / pressure treatment,
Since microorganisms such as mold and bacteria are dead and dried, it can be stored for a long period of time and has a low volume and excellent transportability.

Then, the medium material is further heated to a predetermined internal temperature by the high frequency dielectric heating device, whereby the internal sterilization treatment is completed in a short time. Next, when hot water at a predetermined temperature is added, the surface of the medium can be sterilized, and water free of miscellaneous bacteria can be absorbed until the required water content is reached, and the medium can be swollen appropriately.

After that, inoculation with the inoculum is carried out and a matured bed is obtained by ordinary culture. In this way, the woody material in the medium is decomposed better than when it is sterilized by high-pressure heat, so that it can also have a favorable effect on the fruit body development.

[0015]

EXAMPLE The wood-based material used in the present invention may be various kinds of broad-leaved trees such as beech, zelkova, and kotara, as well as conifers such as cedar, karamatsu, and domatsu. Examples of the form of the raw material include sawdust, chips, which are by-products at the time of lumbering, raw wood after use for mushroom cultivation, and waste fungal beds.
Of course, it is more preferable to add a nutrient such as rice bran or bran to the wood-based material.

Then, the above wood-based material is used in an amount of 150 to 30
Temperature condition of 0 ° C. and 1.0 × 10 ^{3 to} 3.0 × 10 ³
The treatment is performed under a pressure condition of kg / cm ² for 1 to 5 minutes. Because, at a low temperature of less than 150 ° C, the growth-inhibiting component cannot be sufficiently evaporated, and therefore the growth rate of mushrooms is not improved. Further, at a high temperature exceeding 300 ° C., the ignition point of the raw material will be exceeded, and useful components will be thermally denatured or burned. Further, at a low pressure of less than 1.0 × 10 ³ kg / cm ² which is a pressure condition, lignin, cellulose and the like cannot be destroyed to a required degree. On the other hand, at a high pressure exceeding 3.0 × 10 ³ kg / cm ² , the growth rate of the bacteria cannot be improved any more, and it becomes impractical.

The mushrooms to be cultivated in the present invention are fungi belonging to basidiomycetes or ascomycetes having a large fruiting body shape, or fruiting bodies thereof, and are not particularly limited. Japanese beech, Enoki mushroom,
Mushrooms such as medicinal mushrooms, which are mainly edible fungi such as nameko, oyster mushrooms, and maitake mushrooms, may be used.

The high frequency dielectric heating device used in the present invention is
An ordinary heating device used in the chemical industry, food industry, wood processing, etc. can be adopted and its frequency can be determined by an experimental method. Specifically, the high frequency dielectric heating device may have a frequency of 3 to 5 MHz or more, and a so-called microwave oven having a frequency of about 2450 MHz can be used.

In the sterilization treatment using such a high frequency induction heating device, the medium in a dry state has an internal temperature of 150 to 300.
Sterilize by heating at 10 ° C for 10 to 15 minutes. If the temperature condition at this time is lower than 150 ° C., sufficient sterilization cannot be performed efficiently in a short time such as 10 to 15 minutes, and if the temperature is higher than 300 ° C., the ignition point of the raw material is exceeded, which is unsuitable.

Then, the temperature of hot water added to the medium next is
It is 90 to 100 ° C. at normal pressure. This is because sufficient sterilization cannot be performed at a temperature lower than 90 ° C.

[Embodiment 1] Sawdust containing beech and other hardwood as main materials was stored in a rotary heat drier to obtain 150
Dry for 3 to 5 minutes at ℃, and add rice bran and bran to the sawdust at a weight ratio of 6: 4 to obtain a 20% dry weight ratio.
Add and mix.

Then, this mixture was supplied to an extruder (manufactured by Takahashi Seisakusho: wood fuel molding machine) and heated to 300 ° C., and a pressure of 1.5 × 10 ³ kg / cm ² was applied for 1 minute (90 cm). At a production rate of 1 / min) to form a cylindrical shape,
This was cut into pieces having a weight of about 460 g, which were used as medium materials A ₁ .

Next, 230 g of the culture medium material A ₁ was placed in a polypropylene bag for mushroom cultivation with a vent that had been gas sterilized with ethylene oxide in a clean bench in advance,
Inject 380 ml of hot water (boiling water under normal pressure) of 100 ° C into the bag so that the final water content is 62%, and sterilize the swollen body with a weight equivalent to that of the 0.6 kg bacterial bed medium made of sawdust. A finished medium A ₂ was obtained.

100 ml of the medium A ₂ (medium temperature 20 ° C.) thus obtained was inoculated with 25 ml of each Shiitake bacterium (Kitaken Sangyo Co., Ltd .: Kitaken 600) per bag. , Heat seal the bag mouth and seal
The cells were cultured in a culture room at 2 ° C. and a humidity of 65%.

In the cultivation process as described above, in order to check the sterilization state of the medium material before the injection of the normal pressure boiling water, 5 g of each of the outer peripheral surface, the inner surface, and the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical medium material A ₁ is added to each of 5 g. Aseptically, 15 samples of the above sample were taken out, sterile water was added to the PDA medium to inoculate it, and this was allowed to stand in an incubator at 22 ° C. to observe the state of bacterial growth. The results are shown in Table 1. .

Further, the average daily growth amount (mm) of mycelia (20 bacterial beds) from the beginning of the inoculation of the medium A ₂ to the 48th day and the cumulative number of germs (100) from the beginning of the inoculation to the 90th day.
The number of bacterial beds in the bacterial bed examples) was measured, and these results are shown in Table 2 or Table 3.

[0027]

[Table 1]

[0028]

[Table 2]

[0029]

[Table 3]

[Example 2] In Example 1, 460 g of the medium material A ₁ was placed in a microwave oven (manufactured by National Corporation: NE-
What was heated with KC80) for 10 minutes was 50 bacterial beds, and what was heated for 15 minutes was 50 bacterial beds (100 bacterial beds in total). Then, 460 g of the medium material A ₁ was gas sterilized with ethylene oxide in advance in a clean bench. Put it in a polypropylene bag for mushroom cultivation with ventilation holes and the final water content is 6
Hot water at 100 ℃ (normal pressure boiling water) 760 to be 2%
Injecting milliliters into the bag, the conventional sawdust 1.2
A swollen and sterilized medium A ₂ having a weight corresponding to kg of the bacterial bed medium was obtained.

In the same manner as in Example 1, Shiitake fungi were ingested and cultivated on 100 bacterial beds of the medium A ₂ (medium temperature 20 ° C.) thus obtained, and the average daily growth amount of mycelia ( mm) and the accumulated number of germs (the number of beds) were measured, and these results are also shown in Table 2 or Table 3, respectively.

Comparative Example 1 460 g of the medium material A ₁ prepared in exactly the same manner as in Example 1 was placed in a polypropylene bag for mushroom cultivation, and tap water 760 at room temperature was added so that the final water content was 62%. Milliliters were poured into the bag and allowed to swell.

This medium is put in a high-pressure sterilizer at 1.2 kg / cm.
^After the pressure of ² was applied and the medium temperature in the container reached 120 ° C., the medium was sterilized for 1 hour to obtain a swollen and sterilized medium A ₃ having a weight corresponding to 1.2 kg of the conventional sawdust-made medium. .

In the same manner as in Example 1, 100 cultures of the thus-obtained medium A ₃ (medium temperature 20 ° C.) were inoculated with Shiitake bacteria and cultivated, and the average daily growth amount of mycelia ( mm) and the accumulated number of germs (the number of beds) were measured, and these results are also shown in Table 2 or Table 3, respectively.

Comparative Example 2 In Example 2, 460 g of the medium material A ₁ was used in a microwave oven (manufactured by National Corporation: NE-
A medium A ₂ was obtained in exactly the same manner as in Example 2 except that the medium material heated at KC80) for 5 minutes was used.

[0038] Shiitake fungi were ingested and cultivated on 100 bacterial beds of the thus-obtained medium A ₂ (medium temperature 20 ° C) in exactly the same manner as in Example 2, but the mycelial growth was poor. In addition, the cultivation experiment was stopped because various bacteria were generated in most of the fungal beds.

The results of the measurements and observations of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1 described above will be described below separately for each item of "generation of miscellaneous bacteria" and "growth of mycelium".

[Generation of Miscellaneous Bacteria] As shown in Table 1, no bacteria were detected in the medium material A ₁ before the injection of boiling water at atmospheric pressure. From this, the solid and dry medium material A ₁
It is clear that the medium can be stored for a long period of time, and that the medium materials used in Examples and Comparative Examples were under the same conditions.

Next, from the results of Table 3, the occurrence of fungi such as molds in Examples 1 and 2 was almost the same as that in Comparative Example. Injection,
Alternatively, it is clear that the combined use of high frequency dielectric heating brings the medium to a sterilized state almost the same as the conventional high-pressure sterilization method.

"Growth of hyphae" As shown in Table 2, the growth of hyphae of the Shiitake fungi of Examples 1 and 2 was almost the same as that of Comparative Example 1 from the beginning of the experiment to 48 days. It is clear that the injection of hot water into the medium material and the high frequency dielectric heating in Examples 1 and 2 do not inhibit the growth of mycelia.

[0041]

[Effect] The present invention, As described above, adopts those predetermined heating and pressurizing treatment as woody medium material, the hot water was added Luke, or heated by high-frequency dielectric heating device, and then 90 After adding hot water at ~ 100 ° C, the method was to inoculate the seeds for cultivation, so even when adopting medium materials regardless of conifers, hardwoods, etc., various pathogens and miscellaneous bacteria are generated during the cultivation period. It becomes a difficult cultivation method, and at the cultivation site
Does not require special sterilization treatment that requires a long time
Or there is an advantage that will allow cultivation safely and reduce the sterilization time efficiently with simple equipment.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A while dry woody materials 150-3
00 ° C, 1.0 × 10 ^{3 to} 3.0 × 10 ³ kg / cm ²
In heat pressurizing treatment for 1 to 5 minutes, 90 to the resulting medium material
A method for cultivating mushrooms, which comprises swelling and sterilizing by adding hot water at -100 ° C, and then inoculating and cultivating with inoculum. Wherein in a state of dried woody materials 150-3
00 ° C, 1.0 × 10 ^{3 to} 3.0 × 10 ³ kg / cm ²
Heat and pressure treatment for 1 to 5 minutes, and the obtained culture medium material is heated to 150 to 300 ° C. for 10 to 1 using a high frequency dielectric heating device.
Heat for 5 minutes, then add hot water at 90-100 ℃ to expand.
A method of cultivating mushrooms, which comprises culturing by inoculating inoculum after sterilizing and sterilizing .