WO1996007005A1

WO1996007005A1 - Structural closure

Info

Publication number: WO1996007005A1
Application number: PCT/DE1995/001132
Authority: WO
Original assignee: Hörmann KG Eckelhausen
Priority date: 1994-08-29
Filing date: 1995-08-24
Publication date: 1996-03-07
Also published as: PL318907A1; DE19515421A1; CZ55197A3; DE59506544D1; EP0784728B1; NO970834D0; FI970773A; HUT76901A; ATE182954T1; EP0784728A1; SK26397A3; NO970834L; FI970773A0

Abstract

The invention relates to a structural closure (19) consisting of a casement (2) and at least one wing which can pivot in the casement (2), having a frame in which is fitted a fireproof glass pane (15) or the like, in which the casement (2) and/or the frame consists of two aluminium sections (4, 5; 9, 10) secured together with the interposition of the fireproof glass pane (15) or the like. Despite the use of light metal, e.g. aluminium or the like, adequate temporary fire-resistance in the event of a fire in a structural closure (1) also having a bulkhead is obtained in that fireproof panels (6, 16) are fitted between the aluminium sections (4, 5; 9, 10) of the casement (2) and the frame and between the casement (2) and the wings, and between the frame and the fireproof glass pane (15) or the like fitted in the frame, there are components (21) which expand on heating which, on being heated, form a fireproof bridge between the fireproof components.

Description

CONSTRUCTION

The invention relates to a building closure consisting of a frame and at least one wing which can be pivoted in the frame, for example a door leaf or a window leaf, which has a frame in which a fire-resistant fire protection glass pane, a leaf part with a heat-insulating intermediate layer or another, at least over a certain period of time, fire-resistant use is arranged, the frame and / or the frame consisting of two aluminum profiles or the like consisting of non-fire-resistant materials in the fire protection area considered here, which with the interposition of the fire protection glass pane, the Leaf part or the like are interconnected and thermal separation elements, preferably fire protection plates, are arranged between the aluminum profiles of the frame and / or the frame.

Building closures of this type are known from the prior art. For example, DE-PS 3 050 946 discloses a fire protection component for such building closings, such as windows, doors or the like, which has two aluminum profile strips which are connected to one another via a thermal separating element to form a load-bearing core, wherein retaining strips made of steel are provided for the frame filling are anchored to the core with screws. Accordingly, from this publication a building closure is already known, which can be produced in particular from aluminum, the aluminum being able to melt at least on the fire side in the event of fire, without the stability of the building closure being significantly impaired. The stability of this building closure is then namely through the thermal separation elements and the retaining strips manufactured. For this purpose, the thermal separating elements are connected to the holding strips and the holding strips to the frame filling, for example with a fire protection glass pane. However, the disadvantage of this previously known construction is that a great deal of structural effort has to be expended since the retaining strips have to be connected to the separating elements. For this purpose, this known construction provides for the use of screws.

On the basis of this prior art, the object of the invention is to create a generic building closure which, in the event of fire, has sufficient temporary stability with simultaneous partitioning, despite the almost exclusive use of light metal, such as aluminum or the like or plastics, the construction of the building closure should be as simple and therefore inexpensive to manufacture as possible and, when heated on one side, has sufficient mobility of the two shells to enable relative movement of individual components due to different expansions.

The solution to this problem provides that between the frame and the sash and between the frame and the fire protection glass pane used in the frame, the leaf part or the like, expanding elements are arranged when heated, which when heated a fireproof bridge between the fire-resistant components, namely form the fire protection glass pane or the sheet part and the fire protection plates, the elements which expand when heated exert forces on the fire-resistant constituents, which run essentially perpendicular to their surface normals, so that after the frame and / or Frame profiles a cohesion of these components is given due to a bracing of these components by means of the elements.

As a result, in the event of a fire, the expansion between the frame and the sash or between two sashes of a double-leaf window elements arranged in such a way that the fire protection plates arranged in the frame of the frame and sash are connected to one another via the elements which expand when heated. The elements that expand when heated form a bridge between the fire protection plates or between a fire protection plate and a fire protection glass pane, wherein the elements that expand when heated can also perform sealing functions in a manner known per se ¬ NEN, in that the entire gap between the frame and the sash or between two sashes of a double-leaf window or a double-leaf door is sealed. If the aluminum profiles facing the fire side melt away, a building closure consequently remains which has sufficient temporary stability with simultaneous partitioning. In addition, this building closure construction is designed in such a way that a simple and therefore inexpensive manufacture of the building closure is possible without heat-resistant thermal elements having to be screwed to retaining strips for a fire protection glass pane or a sheet part.

According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that the fire protection plates are arranged between adjacent connecting elements which connect the aluminum profiles, and that the elements which expand when heated are arranged on the narrow sides of the fire protection plates and / or on the thermal connecting elements. Accordingly, the aluminum profiles of the frame or the frame are connected to one another with connecting elements and the elements that expand when heated are arranged on these connecting elements, so that when fire acts, the adjacent fire protection plates or fire protection glass panes or sheet parts by means of the expanding elements when heated Elements are connected in such a way that an essentially flat building closure is achieved. As a result, the force of the elements that expand when heated on the fire protection plates or the fire protection glass pane or the sheet part essentially occurs. chen perpendicular to the surface normal of these components. A stable tensioning of the components is achieved by this application of force.

According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that the connecting elements are not heat-conducting, preferably made of plastic, in particular of polyamide, which are dovetail-shaped at their ends and engage in corresponding recesses in the aluminum profiles.

Furthermore, according to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that, in the case of a building closure with a fire protection glass pane held in seals in the wing, the fire protection glass pane extends over the seals in the frame, so that the element which is arranged in the frame and expands when exposed to heat Fire protection glass pane encompasses on three sides. As a result, the fireproof glass pane is securely fixed in the frame even when the frame melts on the fire side. Falling out of the fire protection glass pane is prevented by the three-sided clamping.

The elements that expand when exposed to heat are advantageously arranged on both the frame side and the leaf side on both vertical sections and in the door area, so that the fire protection glass pane or the leaf part and the fire protection plates are essentially at right angles to the expansion of the elements ¬ mutually arranged directions of force are loaded, whereby in particular the advantage is achieved that these components are clamped over their entire edge lengths in such a way that twisting of the components is avoided, which may lead to leaks, in particular with regard to a smoke and gas seal could.

It is also provided that the fire protection glass pane expands in the direction of its surface normal when heated. This will further increase the bracing of the Fire protection glass pane is achieved in the elements that expand when exposed to heat, thereby increasing the stability of the building closure in the event of a fire.

According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that the aluminum profiles are connected to one another in such a way that they can be moved towards or away from one another at least to a limited extent in order to compensate for thermal stresses when heated on one side.

With building closures of this type, which are particularly suitable for withstanding fire effects for a certain period of time, it is common for these fire effects to occur on only one side. This side of the building closure facing the fire source is consequently heated in time before the side of the building closure facing away from the source of the fire, so that there is a not inconsiderable temperature difference between the side facing the source of the fire and the side of the building termination facing away from the source of the fire. However, this temperature difference means that the two aluminum profiles of the building closure arranged opposite one another expand differently, since the absolute expansion is ultimately a function of the temperature acting. In order to avoid tensions within the building closure caused by the different expansions of the two aluminum profiles, the invention therefore provides that the aluminum profiles are mounted so that they can be moved relative to one another, that is to say they can be moved towards and away from one another. As a result, thermal stresses can be compensated for in the case of one-sided heating. According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that at least one aluminum profile is mounted to be displaceable at least to a limited extent in the longitudinal direction of the connecting elements. Accordingly, the "floating" mounting of at least one aluminum profile takes place due to a limited displaceable arrangement of the connecting element in this aluminum profile, so that the aluminum profile along the connecting element or elements can be moved toward or away from the opposite aluminum profile.

It is further provided that the connecting elements are fixed with an aluminum profile and loosely attached to the aluminum profile arranged opposite each other in the form of a connection that is loose under shear stress. This configuration ensures maximum stability of the building closure with limited mobility of the aluminum profiles relative to one another in the event of fire.

Finally, according to a further feature of the invention it is provided that the connecting elements are held in recesses which are essentially V-shaped in cross-section in the aluminum profiles, the recesses in their cross-sectional shape essentially matching the ends of the connecting elements and in the longitudinal direction of the Connection elements are open on both sides.

The connecting elements are essentially dovetail-shaped at their ends, so that the corresponding recesses are also dovetail-shaped in cross section. Here, a recess is closed on one side so that it has the shape of an undercut groove. According to this feature of the invention, the recess opposite this recess is open on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the connecting elements. Accordingly, this recess has the shape of a bore, the bore also being dovetail-shaped in cross section. The connecting element arranged in this recess is thus held to be displaceable to a limited extent in at least one direction, so that the aluminum profile with the open recesses is held to be displaceable along the connecting elements.

Further advantages and features of the invention result from the following description, in which a preferred one Embodiment of the building closure according to the invention is shown. The drawing shows:

1 shows a sectional view of a building closure consisting of a frame and a door leaf in the starting position;

Figure 2 shows the building closure according to Figure 1 at the onset of fire;

Figure 3 shows the building closure according to Figures 1 and 2 with advanced fire exposure;

Figure 4 shows the building closure according to Figures 1 to 3 with more advanced fire and

5 shows a detailed view of the connection between a connecting element and an aluminum profile according to the circle V in FIG. 1.

A building closure 1 shown in FIG. 1 consists of a frame 2 and a door leaf 3, the frame 2 being firmly connected to masonry of a building, not shown, and the door leaf 3 being arranged on the frame 2 so as to be pivotable about an axis of rotation.

The frame 2 has two aluminum profiles 4 and 5 arranged opposite one another, which are designed as box profiles with a substantially rectangular cross section. A fire protection plate 6 is arranged between the aluminum profiles 4 and 5, it being possible for the fire protection plate 6 to be connected to the aluminum profiles 4 and 5, for example. In the exemplary embodiment shown, connecting elements 7 are additionally arranged between the two aluminum profiles 4 and 5, which are designed as plastic pins made of polyamide, which have dovetail-shaped ends and engage in corresponding recesses 8 in the aluminum profiles 4 and 5. Such connecting elements 7 accordingly consist of a non-heat conductive material and are arranged at regular intervals over the entire longitudinal extent of the aluminum profiles 4 and 5, so that the aluminum profiles 4 and 5, the fire protection plate 6 and the connecting elements 7 form a fire protection component, which in the present case is designed as a frame 2 .

However, it is also conceivable for the connecting elements 7 to be plate-shaped, so that the fire protection plate 6 is covered on both sides by a continuous plate.

The door leaf 3 also consists of aluminum profiles 9 and 10, which are also essentially box-shaped with an essentially rectangular cross section. It can be seen that the aluminum profile 10 has a web 11 at its end facing away from the frame 2 and that an essentially L-shaped profile strip 12 made of aluminum is attached to the aluminum profile 9, its longer leg 13 on the Web 11 is aligned, the web 11 and the leg 13 each having a seal 14 at their free ends, between which a fire protection glass pane 15 is arranged.

The aluminum profiles 9 and 10 of the door leaf 3 are also connected to one another via connecting elements 7. A fire protection plate 16 is inserted into the cavity formed between the aluminum profiles 9 and 10 and the connecting elements 7 arranged opposite, the fire protection plate 16, as in the case of the aluminum profiles 4 and 5 of the frame 2, with the aluminum profiles 9 and 10 connected, for example glued, can be.

It can be seen from FIG. 1 that between the frame 2 and the door leaf 3, ie between the aluminum profiles 4, 5 of the frame 2 and the aluminum profiles 9, 10 of the door leaf 3, there is a cavity 17, which in the present case is formed by on the aluminum profiles 4 of the frame 2 and 9 of the door leaf 3 arranged seals 18 is sealed. Furthermore, a cavity 19 is present between the leg 13 and the ends of the aluminum profiles 9 and 10 of the door leaf 3 facing away from the frame 2. The fire protection glass pane 5 held between the seals 14 projects into this cavity 19 with its end 20 in such a way that both its narrow side and both visible sides are free.

Elements 21 are arranged in the cavities 17 and 19 and expand under the action of heat. These elements 21 are fastened on the narrow sides of the fire protection plates 6 and 16 or rest on the connecting elements 7. However, it is also conceivable for the elements 21 to be arranged exclusively on the connecting elements 7 if they are designed as plate-shaped elements and completely cover the narrow sides of the fire protection plates 6 and 16. In the present exemplary embodiment, the elements 21 are designed such that they extend over the entire vertical length of the frame 2 or the door leaf 3 and, moreover, also in the door frame area, ie. H. between the two vertical profiles of the frame 2 (in the head area) are present.

In FIG. 2, the building closure 1 according to FIG. 1 is shown with the onset of fire, ie heat. It can be seen that the elements 21 which expand when exposed to heat have expanded in such a way that the cavities 17 and 19 are essentially filled by the elements 21, the elements 21 forming a bridge between the fire protection plates 6, 16 and between the fire protection plate 16 and the fire protection glass pane 15. The fire protection glass pane 15 is encompassed in the region of this end 20 by the expanding element 21 on its three free sides. The expanding elements 21 generate forces in the direction of the fire protection plates 6, 16 or on the fire protection glass pane 15, so that these components are clamped together. At the time of the state shown in FIG. 2, the construction of frame 2 and door leaf 3 has not yet been influenced by fire. As the fire progresses, the aluminum profiles 5 of the frame 2 and 9 of the door leaf 3 melt. In addition, the connecting elements 7 burn partially, so that the building closure 1 now through the aluminum profiles 4 and 10 of the frame 2 or the door leaf 3 Fire protection plates 6 and 16 and the fire protection glass pane 15 and the elements 21 arranged between the fire protection plates 6 and 16 and between the fire protection plate 16 and the fire protection glass pane 15 are formed. The above-described forces in the direction of the fire protection plates 6, 16 or the fire protection glass pane 15 form a stable unit which withstands the effects of fire over a certain period of time.

Finally, FIG. 4 shows the building closure 1 after the fire has continued, whereby it can be seen that the fire protection glass pane 15 has expanded in the direction of its surface normals, so that this further increases the forces between the element 21 and the fire protection glass pane 15 is effected. Otherwise, the elements 21 consist of a material which swells under the influence of heat and is based on sodium silicate. For example, such elements are available on the market under the trademark "Palusol". In their state unaffected by heat, these elements have no possibility in any way of transmitting mechanical holding forces in the size necessary for the problem at hand. Accordingly, it is necessary to introduce a corresponding amount of the elements 21 into the cavities 17 and 19, which leads to the fact that, when exposed to fire, the expansion of these elements is so large that the cavities 17 and 19 at least in their direction of the fire protection plates 6, 16 or the ^* fire protection glass pane 15 cause the cavities 17, 19 to be filled as completely as possible, so that a tension is built up between the above-mentioned components. The building closure 1 according to the present invention can therefore completely dispense with steel components, so that the building closure 1 is only dependent on the material components aluminum and the material of the fire protection plates 6, 16 or the fire protection glass pane 15. In addition, only elements 21 based on sodium silicate are then used.

In FIG. 1 and in particular in FIG. 5 it can be seen that the connecting elements 7 in the aluminum profiles 4 and 10 are arranged in the recesses 8, which are designed in the form of an undercut groove. The dovetail-shaped ends of the connecting elements 7 are thus firmly clamped in these recesses, so that the connecting elements 7 have no degree of freedom in these recesses 8. On the opposite side of the connecting elements 7, the dovetail-shaped ends of the connecting elements 7 are arranged in recesses 8 which are open on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the connecting elements 7, the recesses in cross-section being designed corresponding to the dovetail-shaped ends of the connecting elements 7. These recesses 8, which are open on both sides, are provided in the aluminum profiles 5 and 9.

Thus, the connecting elements 7 are mounted in the recesses 8 of the aluminum profiles 5 and 9 in such a way that they are attached in the aluminum profiles 5 and 9 at least to a limited extent. As a result, the opposing aluminum profiles 4 and 5 on the one hand and 9 and 10 on the other hand can be moved towards and away from one another and away from one another in the event of fire and the associated different expansions of the aluminum profiles arranged at different distances from the source of the fire Building closure 1 has sufficient stability in the event of fire over a long period of time, which could be impaired if it is heated on one side and the associated “bimetal effect”. The invention described above is not limited to the illustrated embodiment. Rather, the connecting elements 7 can have a different construction, for example. In addition, arrangements of the elements 21 which differ from the exemplary embodiment are possible.

Claims

EXPECTATIONS

1. Building closure consisting of a frame and at least one wing pivotally held in the frame, for example a door leaf or a window sash, which has a frame in which a fire-resistant fire protection glass pane, a leaf part with a heat-insulating intermediate layer or another, at least for a certain period of time, fire-resistant Insert is arranged, the frame and / or the frame consisting of two aluminum profiles or the like made of fire-resistant materials in the fire protection area considered here, which are connected to one another with the interposition of the fire protection glass pane of the leaf part or the like, and between the aluminum profiles (4, 5; 9, 10) of the frame (2) and / or the frame, thermal separation elements, preferably fire protection plates (6, 16) are arranged. characterized in that between the frame (2) and the sash and between the frame and the fireproof glass pane (15) inserted into the frame, the leaf part or the like, elements (21) which expand when heated are arranged, which when heated form a fire-proof bridge Form between the fire-resistant components, namely the fire-resistant glass pane (15) or the sheet part and the fire-protection plates (6, 16), the elements (21) expanding upon heating exerting forces on the fire-resistant components (6 , 15, 16) which are essentially perpendicular to their surface normal, so that after the frame and / or frame profiles have melted, these components (6, 15, 16) stick together. due to the bracing of these components (6, 15, 16) by means of the elements (21).

2. Building closure according to claim 1, characterized in that the fire protection plates (6, 16) are arranged between adjacent connecting elements (7) which connect the aluminum profiles (4, 5, 9, 10), and that the elements which expand when heated (21 ) are arranged on the narrow sides of the fire protection plates (6, 16) and / or on the connecting elements (7).

3. Building closure according to claim 2, characterized in that the connecting elements (7) are not heat-conducting, preferably made of plastic, in particular of polyamide, which are dovetail-shaped at their ends and in corresponding recesses (8). engage in the aluminum profiles (4, 5; 9, 10).

4. Building closure according to claim 1 with a wing in seals (14) held fire protection glass pane (15), characterized in that the fire protection glass pane (15) extends over the seals (14) in the frame, so that the frame in the frame arranged, heat-expanding element (21) encompasses the fire protection glass pane (15) on three sides.

5. Building closure according to claim 1, d a d u r c h g e k e n e z e i c h n t that the heat-expanding elements (21) are arranged both on the frame side and on the leaf side on both vertical sections and in the door frame area.

6. Building closure according to claim 1, characterized in that the fire protection glass pane (15) expands when heated in the direction of its surface normal.

7. Building closure according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the aluminum profiles (4, 5, 9, 10) are connected to each other in such a way that they are at least limited to one another and can be moved away from and around each other to avoid thermal stresses to compensate for one-sided heating.

8. Building closure according to one of claims 1 to 7, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that at least one aluminum profile (4, 5, 9, 10) in the longitudinal direction of the connecting elements (7) is at least limited slidably mounted.

9. Building closure according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the connecting elements (7) with an aluminum profile (4, 10) fixed and the respectively arranged ange¬ aluminum profile (5, 9) in the form of a shear stress loose connection are loosely attached.

10. Building closure according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the connecting elements (7) in cross-section substantially V-shaped recesses (8) are held in the aluminum profiles (5, 9), the recesses (7) Its cross-sectional shape essentially coincides with the ends of the connecting elements (7) and is open on both sides in the longitudinal direction of the connecting elements (7).