WO1996006193A1 - Convertisseurs et procede d'affinage a contre-courant de matieres metalliques fondues, notamment de fonte brute pour obtenir de l'acier - Google Patents

Convertisseurs et procede d'affinage a contre-courant de matieres metalliques fondues, notamment de fonte brute pour obtenir de l'acier Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1996006193A1
WO1996006193A1 PCT/DE1995/001088 DE9501088W WO9606193A1 WO 1996006193 A1 WO1996006193 A1 WO 1996006193A1 DE 9501088 W DE9501088 W DE 9501088W WO 9606193 A1 WO9606193 A1 WO 9606193A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
slag
converter
segment
converter according
iron
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1995/001088
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Anton More
Original Assignee
Anton More
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Anton More filed Critical Anton More
Priority to AU32197/95A priority Critical patent/AU3219795A/en
Publication of WO1996006193A1 publication Critical patent/WO1996006193A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/36—Processes yielding slags of special composition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/56—Manufacture of steel by other methods
    • C21C5/567—Manufacture of steel by other methods operating in a continuous way

Definitions

  • the invention relates to converters and a method for refreshing the metal, in particular iron melts, in countercurrent
  • Phosphorus contents can be processed to melts with particularly low P contents.
  • Such pig iron can be used in one
  • the iron is then poured into the second converter, where the fine dephosphorization and the main decarburization take place.
  • the pig iron which has a temperature of usually 1300-1400 ° C before being refreshed, reaches in the course of
  • metal melts such as high-carbon manganese or chromium-containing iron melts can be treated by this method in the devices according to the invention.
  • the peculiarity of the converter is that the slag level seen in the flow direction of the iron in the subsequent one
  • Reaction space or segment is higher. As a result, the slag flow flows in the opposite direction to the flow of iron.
  • the iron itself flows through openings (foxes) on the floor
  • Segments are integral components of the converter, which can have their own cover and / or have a different level of slag and metal than neighboring segments, for example.
  • both the slag and the iron run downwards but in the opposite direction.
  • reaction spaces are separated off with at least one barrier wall which, in the case of a converter with more than two segments, has overflows for the slag, which have an increasing height when viewed in the direction of flow of the iron, and that the finished treated iron smelting the converter
  • the iron melts can also be conveyed out of the converters with another discharge aid, for example by suction with a vacuum or with a mammoth pump.
  • the overflows for the slag expediently have at least partially water cooling to the level of
  • At least part of the slag is on the side of the
  • Converter abandoned where the outlet for the freshly melted iron is located. After melting, the slag flows over the overflows from segment to segment of the converter against the direction of flow of the iron melts.
  • the iron melts come from the side of a pan or a continuously working one
  • Desulfurization furnace in the converter and flow through various passages at the bottom of the converter according to the invention from one segment or from one chamber to another, in order to finally leave the converter via a sipnon or via a spout pipe reaching to the bottom of the last chamber of the converter.
  • Converters according to the invention are preferably designed to be tiltable. If they are not built to be tiltable, they must be cut off. Just by tipping, there is a gradient for the iron between the inlet and outlet of the converter.
  • the iron inlet In the case of non-tilting constructions, the iron inlet must be higher than the outlet.
  • the individual segments can have the pear shape customary for converters.
  • a construction of tubular components is expedient, which can have lids.
  • the cover and / or side walls of the lockers can be above the level of the slag or, if appropriate, above the
  • the converters according to the invention can be of various types
  • FIG. 1 and 2 shows a converter which consists of 3 segments.
  • the converter of FIG. 3a has 4 of that of FIG. 3b only 2 segments.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further variant of a converter with 4 segments according to the invention.
  • the converter of FIG. 3b is the simplest construction of a converter according to the invention. It can be built from two coupled conventional converters, in that the first converter 26 has a lateral inlet for the pig iron and an outlet for the used slag, and the second conventional converter 27 with a siphon for the finished steel melt
  • the two converters are connected to a water-cooled slag overflow 28 and an iron passage 29 at the bottom of the reaction spaces of the converters.
  • the converter shown in Fig. 4 consists of 4 segments with a circular cross-section.
  • the first segment in the direction of flow of the metal is the forehearth, where the pig iron flowing in is brought to reaction with the hot slag from the second segment 31 while at the same time blowing in oxygen and possibly other fluid substances through one or more floor nozzles.
  • the fourth segment 34 can be designed as a vacuum chamber, where the C content of the iron melt is on the
  • the circular design facilitates a vacuum-proof construction of the 4th segment. It can also be useful to build the work spaces of the segments in an elliptical shape or in the form of 2 semicircles with a straight central section (quasi elliptical)
  • the cross section of the work spaces of the segments can also consist of semicircles or of
  • the first and the last segment of the converter are each divided into two chambers.
  • the pig iron which flows into the first chamber 1 of the first segment reacts with the slag which flows out of the main reactor 3 via the overflow 2 i.e. the second segment of the converter comes.
  • a nozzle 4 for blowing oxygen and / or air or an annular nozzle for blowing oxygen and a cooling gas such as natural gas, propane gas, argon, CO, CO or mixtures thereof.
  • the slag flows via the overflow 5 into the second chamber 6, from where it is reacted again with the oxygen from the Floor nozzle 4 whirled iron melt over a
  • Snout 7 runs out of the converter.
  • the iron melt heated by the blowing in of oxygen runs through a fox 8 likewise into the second chamber and through a further passage 9 into the main reactor 3.
  • the volume of the main reactor is larger than that of the pre- and post-reactor.
  • injection nozzles 10 for the fluid substances oxygen, argon, air and / or their mixtures or ring nozzles for oxygen and cooling gases such as natural gas, propane gas, oil, CO, CO 2 or their mixtures.
  • an oxygen blowing lance 11 can be used alone or together with the floor nozzles.
  • Oxygen can decrease its Si content to values less than 0.03% by weight, and its phosphorus content to values less than 0.02, possibly even less than 0.015% by weight, depending on the initial content of the pig iron.
  • the carbon content can be set to between 0.5 and 0.015% by weight depending on the flow rate and flow rate of the molten iron per unit time and the oxygen supply per unit time.
  • cooling scrap which can be preheated if necessary, is continuously added to cool the molten iron and protect the converter and to increase the economy of the process.
  • Lime or slag mixtures can also be charged in this segment to bind the iron, manganese and phosphorus oxides that are formed during the fresh process.
  • the molten iron reacts with the fresh slag, which consists of components such as mill scale, converter dust, iron ore, manganese ore, bauxite. Lime and / or limestone, used Dolomite and / or raw dolomite, used. Magnesite and / or
  • Raw magnesite, and possibly fluorspar has been melted.
  • Pelletized mixtures from the abovementioned act particularly favorably.
  • Slag raw materials that have been pre-sintered or preheated but also finely ground raw material mixtures from the above Slag components that have been preheated, for example, in cyclone heat exchangers can be used. After heating to 900 ° C, the used ones
  • the slag or raw material mixtures preferably have the following former analytical values:
  • slags or slag components are preferably fed into chamber 5 in the third segment 14.
  • the slag flows from this chamber into the fourth chamber 13.
  • oxygen is blown in from below with one or more nozzles 15, possibly in combination with argon or the other cooling gases already mentioned.
  • gas or oil burners can be used to melt the slags quickly.
  • the desired final C content is set in the fourth chamber and the P content is lowered to the lowest value.
  • the slag After the reaction with the molten iron, the slag then runs through the overflow 16 into the main reactor.
  • the iron melt flows through the passage 17 into the fifth chamber 14.
  • the decarburized, dephosphorous and oxysaturated iron is collected.
  • the partition wall 19 between the fourth chamber and the fifth chamber can also be pulled up to the converter edge and closed with its own gas-tight cover.
  • a vacuum can then be applied to the fifth chamber 14 to reduce the oxygen and carbon content of the molten iron.
  • the slag is fed into the fourth chamber.
  • the molten iron leaves the converter through a pouring pipe 20 reaching to the bottom of the fifth chamber.
  • FIG. 2 shows in particular the level of the slag 21 and the iron melt 22 in the various chambers.
  • Deoxidizing agents and / or alloying materials can already be spooled into the pouring tube by means of Al wire or cored wire.
  • the molten steel coming from the converter can be collected in a pan or in a pan furnace. However, it can also flow immediately into the distributor of a continuous caster
  • pans of almost any size can be poured, whereas this is not possible in normal converter operation. If a converter has a capacity of
  • one pan can be filled in sequence with 20 t, the next with 400 t of molten steel.
  • the process according to the invention can be combined very advantageously with the process according to DP 42 06 091 for desulfurizing pig iron melts. This means that the entire process from pig iron to the finished molten steel can be automated and operated with a minimum of transport work.
  • the pig iron melt which comes from the blast furnace in the pipe ladle, is allowed to flow through the desulfurization furnace.
  • the iron melt is desulphurized to an S content of less than 0.005% and at the same time, for example, from 1300
  • the desulfurized pig iron now flows into the converter according to the invention. There it is dephosphorized, decarburized and mixed with scrap, which is simultaneously dephosphorized and desulfurized when it is melted down. At the outlet from the converter, the molten steel is already deoxidized and runs directly into the tundish of a continuous casting plant.
  • An essential advantage of the converter according to the invention is that the steel melt is separated from the converter slag by the siphon. This is the case with conventional converters despite the variety of very sophisticated devices for retaining the converter slag
  • Tapping is never 100 percent possible. Due to the exact separation of the converter slag, considerable amounts of
  • the polluted P-containing slag in turn leaves the converter free of iron granules.
  • the converter slag still contains a considerable percentage of iron granules, which reduces the iron yield.
  • Road construction can be used for filling measures.
  • the slag can be processed into fertilizers.
  • Slags with hydraulic properties which are obtained in the process according to the invention preferably have the following
  • the process according to the invention is therefore also environmentally friendly since there is no slag which has to be deposited.
  • the discontinuous mode of operation is also more conventional
  • Converter causes energy losses because the heat radiates from the converter opening during charging, tapping and slag removal.
  • all the sub-steps are carried out within a converter which is relatively small in relation to its output and therefore has little heat-emitting surface.
  • the conventional converters are open at the top, which leads to high radiation losses.
  • the converters according to the invention can have covers. Through openings in the lid, scrap and aggregate such as slag components or fuels such as coke can be fed in and the exhaust gases from the converter can be extracted.
  • the used slag flows out of the converter evenly.
  • the heat content of the used slag can be used to heat air. This heated air can be used in the afterburning of the converter exhaust gases.
  • the heat from the post-combustion can be used to preheat scrap that is more or less evenly charged into the converter.
  • the preheating of the scrap can be carried out in a shaft furnace.
  • the flue gases from the shaft furnace for preheating the scrap can occasionally contain small amounts of pollutants such as dioxins and furans from the incomplete combustion of impurities in the scrap used.
  • exhaust gases can be passed into cyclone heat exchangers, for example, which can have an additional heater in which the finely ground slag raw materials are preheated or calcined or burned before charging into the converter.
  • the pollutants mentioned are largely absorbed by the finely ground slag raw materials and then burn in the
  • converter smoke the main contamination of converter exhaust gases is converter smoke. It mixes in the cyclone heat exchangers with the finely milled slag raw materials, is largely removed from the converter smoke and returned to the converter together with the slag raw materials.
  • the used slag from the converter can flow, for example, onto a water-cooled swinging chute, where it solidifies and can then be cooled by air in a satellite or moving grate cooler.
  • the used converter slag can also be dusted with compressed air, solidified on a water-cooled vibrating conveyor trough and then cooled with air.
  • the converters according to the invention are superior to the conventional ones, since the time-consuming manipulations such as charging, parting off and slagging are eliminated by the predominantly continuous mode of operation.
  • the converters according to the invention can also be used for melting and freshening scrap without the addition of pig iron
  • a converter as shown in FIG. 3b is used for this.
  • converters do not have to have a circular cross section as in the converter from FIG. 3b, but the cross section of the segments can also be elliptical or quasi elliptical, i.e. consist of 2 semicircles with a straight center piece.
  • the scrap which can be preheated in a shaft furnace, is charged into the first segment of the converter.
  • Coke or coal can also be charged in the first segment.
  • Oxygen possibly together with other fluid substances, is blown in by means of floor jets and / or an inflation lance.
  • the scrap melts and is premixed.
  • the slag which is given in the 2nd segment, comes over the overflow into the 1st segment.
  • the dosing of oxygen and reducing agents such as coke, coal, natural gas, etc., is carried out so that the slag from the 2nd segment the majority of their
  • the iron melt now flows through a fox into the 2nd segment.
  • the 2nd segment can be divided into 2 chambers.
  • Oxygen is also blown into the first chamber of the 2nd segment.
  • the molten iron reaches its lowest phosphorus and sulfur content as well as the final content of carbon.
  • the iron melt now flows into the second chamber of the 2nd segment.
  • argon or CO possibly together with lime dust, is injected from below using a nozzle
  • This pig iron melt has a temperature of 1450 ° C. when it enters the converter according to the invention.
  • the converter used according to the invention consists of 4 segments or 6 chambers (Fig.3a).
  • the 1st segment 35 is a forehearth in which the pig iron is largely desilicated.
  • the main reaction takes place in the second segment 36.
  • Most of the phosphorus and carbon are removed here.
  • the preheated scrap can also be melted here.
  • Fei nentphosphorung and fine decarburization takes place in the 3rd segment 37.
  • 70 kg of preheated slag raw materials per ton of pig iron are liquefied.
  • a scrap additive was not taken into account when calculating the slag analyzes.
  • the steel melt is vacuum-treated to break down both oxygen and carbon in order to achieve the lowest carbon contents. Water is also removed during vacuum treatment.
  • the pig iron that comes from the desulfurization furnace and enters the forehearth of the converter (1st chamber in segment 1) has the following analysis:
  • An annular nozzle is used to enter the first chamber from below
  • This slag comes from the overflow from the third chamber in segment 2 into the first chamber.
  • This slag has the following former analytical values:
  • the slag By reacting the slag with the pig iron, it absorbs SiO 2 and loses iron oxide. This reaction is completed in the second chamber. From this chamber the used slag leaves the converter via a snout.
  • the polluted slag has the following former analysis:
  • the Si content decreases to 0.1% and the C content to about 3.5%.
  • the P content and Mn content of the pig iron remains unchanged.
  • the temperature of the molten iron rises to 1600 ° C during oxygen freshening.
  • the desilicated iron melt flows through a fox into the second chamber and through another fox into the third chamber in segment 2.
  • the molten iron is refreshed with an inflation lance and oxygen and / or gases such as argon, natural gas or other hydrocarbons are blown in with floor jets.
  • preheated scrap is charged and melted down, and petroleum coke or coke may be added.
  • Segment 37 which has ring nozzles for blowing in oxygen and argon.
  • the slag raw materials are melted down in this chamber.
  • the following finely ground components are used as slag raw materials:
  • the slag raw materials are preheated to about 900 ° C in a cyclone heat exchanger with an additional burner.
  • the heated slag mixture has the following former analysis:
  • the P content of the molten iron in this segment is reduced to 50 ppm and the C content to about 200 ppm.
  • the melt now flows through a fox into the fourth segment 38 of the converter.
  • the melt is by means of
  • Oxygen and hydrogen content in the molten steel Oxygen and hydrogen content in the molten steel.
  • the molten steel flows from the fourth segment through a pouring pipe reaching to the bottom of the converter into a pan.

Abstract

L'invention concerne des convertisseurs et un procédé d'affinage à contre-courant de matières métalliques fondues, notamment de fonte brute en fusion, pour obtenir de l'acier. Ce procédé se caractérise en ce qu'il fait appel à des convertisseurs comprenant au moins deux segments. Un laitier ou un mélange de scories qui, après avoir été porté à 900 °C, présente les valeurs chimiques d'analyse suivantes: SiO2 + Al2O3 + TiO2 + FeO + MnO entre 1 et 70 % en poids, SiO2 entre 0 et 15 % en poids, Al2O3 entre 0 et 35 % en poids, Cr2O3 entre 0 et 10 % en poids, TiO2 entre 0 et 7 % en poids, FeO entre 0 et 70 % en poids, MnO entre 0 et 20 % en poids, CaO + MgO + CaF2 entre 30 et 95 % en poids, MgO entre 0 et 15 % en poids, CaF2 entre 0 et 10 % en poids, ainsi que des impuretés, est introduit dans le dernier ou au moins l'avant-dernier segment du convertisseur d'oxygène. Après fusion et réaction avec le fer en fusion et l'oxyde dégagé pendant l'affinage à l'oxygène, le laitier s'écoule à contre-courant du fer. Entre chacun des segments des convertisseurs, il est prévu une paroi de séparation qui comporte un ou plusieurs canaux d'écoulement pour le laitier, ainsi qu'un ou plusieurs passages pour le fer en fusion, à proximité de la base du convertisseur. Lorsqu'il existe plusieurs parois de séparation, ce qui est le cas dans les convertisseurs comportant plus de deux segments, il est prévu une déclivité dans les canaux d'écoulement du flux de laitier, à contre-courant du sens d'écoulement du fer. Une fois le traitement du fer en fusion terminé, ce dernier quitte le dernier segment des convertisseurs, en passant de préférence par un siphon.
PCT/DE1995/001088 1994-08-20 1995-08-17 Convertisseurs et procede d'affinage a contre-courant de matieres metalliques fondues, notamment de fonte brute pour obtenir de l'acier WO1996006193A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU32197/95A AU3219795A (en) 1994-08-20 1995-08-17 Converters and method of refining metal melts, in particular refining pig iron to steel

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19944429653 DE4429653C2 (de) 1994-08-20 1994-08-20 Konverter und Verfahren zum Frischen von Metallschmelzen insbesondere von Roheisen zu Stahl
DEP4429653.3 1994-08-20

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO1996006193A1 true WO1996006193A1 (fr) 1996-02-29

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AU (1) AU3219795A (fr)
DE (1) DE4429653C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1996006193A1 (fr)

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DE1059483B (de) * 1955-01-28 1959-06-18 Hoesch Westfalenhuette Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Stahl im Konverterverfahren
GB1114961A (en) * 1964-10-12 1968-05-22 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech A method and a device for the continuous refining of molten pig iron
DE1458819A1 (de) * 1965-03-31 1969-02-13 Krupp Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Stahl aus Roheisen
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