WO1995029274A1 - Verfahren zur beaufschlagung und beeinflussung einer festkörperoberfläche, insbesondere einer werkstoffoberfläche - Google Patents
Verfahren zur beaufschlagung und beeinflussung einer festkörperoberfläche, insbesondere einer werkstoffoberfläche Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1995029274A1 WO1995029274A1 PCT/EP1995/001594 EP9501594W WO9529274A1 WO 1995029274 A1 WO1995029274 A1 WO 1995029274A1 EP 9501594 W EP9501594 W EP 9501594W WO 9529274 A1 WO9529274 A1 WO 9529274A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- plasma
- plasma pulse
- treatment
- layer
- pulse
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
- C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
Definitions
- a briefly acting flow of a high-energy plasma is directed onto the surface layer to be influenced.
- this plasma pulse must be such that the following processes take place:
- the surface layer is melted. There is a brief high temperature in this melting or melted layer. When plasma hits this melted surface layer, a total pressure is briefly generated, which generates a shock wave that runs into this material. In the wake of this shock wave, components of the plasma pulse are transported into this boundary layer. At the same time, the gases forming the plasma are diffused into the boundary layer.
- the duration of the action of the plasma pulse on the surface layer to be treated, as well as the energy supplied in the process, are set up in such a way that, on the one hand, the processes listed can take place, but on the other hand, short-term solidification can also take place.
- the duration of action of such a pulse is determined by the desired layer density, which determines the duration of action and the total energy supplied, and by the desired final state after the treatment. This depends on the cooling rate, which decreases with increasing duration of action and energy supply.
- a certain combination of composition and duration of action as well as temperature and density of the plasma pulse on the one hand and composition, configuration and physical-chemical initial state of the material on the other hand is required.
- a surge discharge of an electrical or electromagnetic energy in the storage device such as, for example, a capacitor bank
- a high-energy, high-pressure plasma is generated in an electrothermal accelerator.
- the plasma pulse hits the surface of the material.
- a layer close to the surface of about 25 ⁇ m thick and more is converted into the molten state, its chemical composition is changed by additions which are carried in the plasma pulse and by energy dissipation the cold base material immediately solidifies again.
- the influencing of the surface is dependent on the plasma pulse.
- the temperature is 10 4 K, the short-term pressure 1 to 5 kbar, the density 0.1 kg / m 3 , the speed approx.
- the heat dissipation into the base material at room temperature takes place at about 10 6 K / s, the power density at the active site is 10 6 to 10 7 W / cm 2 at a plasma pulse duration of approx. 50 ⁇ s.
- the surface layer modified in this way contains metastable phases, such as the ⁇ phase or austenite (see figures from 1st additional application dated 3.3.94), and has a very fine-crystalline or fine-grained layer structure in the nanometer range.
- the alloying of carbon together with the rapid solidification results in a significant increase in microhardness in the surface layer.
- the surface should be influenced as soon as possible after the heating and acceleration process.
- the composition and structure can be changed in a targeted manner by varying the energy supplied in the accelerator. As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, it results from a change in the energy supplied.
- the structure visible in Fig. 2 is created, which is a martensitic structure and only has about 50% of the hardness in Fig. 1.
- crystalline structures in the nanometer range are formed, within which chromium carbides and iron carbides are formed.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- Fig. 3b a TEM picture of the treated edge layer as chromium-nickel steel. Even finer structures are found between the individual structures shown in this photograph and examined with an X-ray diffractometer. The result is shown in Fig. 4, from which references to chromium carbide and iron carbide can be found.
- TEM investigations of the non-heat-treated layer show various structures, such as cell structures, stripe-like areas, carbide inclusions and areas without recognizable structures.
- the heat treatment at 1170 K increased the microhardness to 750 HV 0 r, and homogenized the layer.
- soft and hard areas are present in the layer, so that hardnesses of 250 to 1700 HV 0 0 ⁇ resulted.
- the various layer areas were dissolved, but the hardness in the layer only ranged between 250 and 400 HV 0 .O ⁇ . Only when annealed at 1170 K did a homogeneous layer with increased hardness result , of around 750 HV 0 . ⁇ ⁇ •
- _ 3.5 km / s, in experiments with an electrothermal accelerator system, the rate of expansion of the carbon carried in the plasma flow in the melting phase of the boundary layer is from about 500 ⁇ m / s to 1 m / s.
- the plasma flow in this process lasts about 50 ⁇ s. It follows from this that additives which are co-accelerated by the plasma jet can be embedded in the entire melt layer, which is up to 30 ⁇ m deep, due to the tracking speed of the shock waves.
- the surface layer can be influenced in the molten state.
- the additives that are introduced into the accelerator during or after plasma formation are divided into two areas:
- the surface layer to be treated is melted with each plasma pulse treatment.
- the "depth" of this melting process can be varied via the parameters of the plasma pulse. In any case, a melting process occurs in which the material carried in the plasma pulse is partially melted into the surface layer. If there is sufficient material carried in the plasma pulse, material with the same plasma pulse that is not melted into the surface to be treated is additionally supplied. A coating can thus be carried out in which the coating produced is fused to the surface to be treated. In this case, the desired technical properties, such as hardness, corrosion resistance, etc., are also produced in the layer considered as coating, as in the modified layer.
- a multiple treatment of the same area of the surface can be produced with this method, a combined surface treatment and coating with a desired coating thickness.
- a thickness of 200 ⁇ m has already been reached experimentally.
- the material carried in the plasma pulse can consist of the same material as the surface layer to be modified or of other materials.
- the composition of the material carried in the plasma pulse, as well as the parameters determining the plasma pulse are changed from pulse to pulse, so that particularly structured surface coatings are produced.
- the surfaces to be influenced can be divided into
- the plasma generation, exposure to additional material, as well as the alignment and acceleration can take place electrothermally or electromagnetically as well as in any combination of these processes.
- a race is formed by two rings with the inner radius ⁇ and the outer radius r a , which are arranged at a distance d from one another.
- a high-pressure ring adjoins the upper race and the electrode ring, which consists of only one part. This can be seen in Fig. 6. If necessary, the arrangement can be separated into two half rings which are put together before the treatment.
- the linear arrangement as shown in Fig. 8 is intended for the treatment of "stripes".
- treatment areas can be connected to one another without interruption of the layer by sequential treatment.
- Annular surface layers that lie in one plane or are also inclined can be treated with a single plasma pulse.
- Fig. 9 shows an electrothermal arrangement for generating ring-shaped plasma pulses.
- the annular space between two concentric cylinders made of non-conductive material is closed on one side by one of the two electrodes.
- On the other side there is an annulus, which is formed by two coaxial cylinders made of electrically conductive material. These represent the second electrode.
- the plasma with or without additives, is generated in the space between the non-conductive cylinder and then flows out through the annular space between the conductive cylinder and then strikes the surface to be influenced.
- Fig. 10 shows an arrangement in which the same surface influence is achieved by a coaxial accelerator arrangement.
- a coaxial cylinder made of an electrically non-conductive material is sometimes also attached.
- the material that forms the plasma with or without additives when the capacitor battery is discharged is introduced into the space not occupied by this insulator between the two coaxial electrodes. This is accelerated by electromagnetic forces towards the open end of the annular cavity between the two electrodes and applies to them there treating surface.
- a ring-shaped influencing of a surface layer can also be achieved by partially covering the area which is treated in accordance with laid-open specification DE 42 26 229 A1 "method and device for impulse application to a solid surface, in particular a material surface".
- the same procedure can also be used if the surface to be treated is conical.
- An oblique impact of the plasma pulse improves the surface quality, but generally reduces the depth of the affected layer.
- Both arrangements according to FIGS. 9 and 10 can also be designed to be convergent or divergent in order to adapt to the angle of the surface to be treated.
- coaxial cavities can be arranged within the inner electrode or within the inner combustion chamber wall, by means of which the valve tappets can be lifted, for example when treating the underside and valve plate of valves in automobile engines.
- Fe, W, W, P and SiC, Al 2 0 3 , NiCr such as carbides, Bori ⁇ their combinations, their combinations and their combinations, silicides, nitrides; nen; nations; Oxides, silicates; Graphite;
- Ceramics AI.Mg Ti - metals for nitrides; Formation of cermets;
- Table 3 Additives that are mixed with the melted surface layer of the material.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP7527377A JPH09512306A (ja) | 1994-04-26 | 1995-04-26 | 固体表面への物質の添加による改質、特に物質の表面改質方法 |
EP95919345A EP0758410A1 (de) | 1994-04-26 | 1995-04-26 | Verfahren zur beaufschlagung und beeinflussung einer festkörperoberfläche, insbesondere einer werkstoffoberfläche |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEP4414531.4 | 1994-04-26 | ||
DE4414531 | 1994-04-26 | ||
DEP4436163.7 | 1994-10-10 | ||
DE19944436163 DE4436163A1 (de) | 1994-10-10 | 1994-10-10 | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum gleichzeitigen kurzzeitigen Aufschmelzen, Einlegieren und anschließenden Schockhärten von Festkörperrandschichten |
DE19944444297 DE4444297A1 (de) | 1994-12-13 | 1994-12-13 | Beeinflussung von ringförmigen Oberflächenschichten durch Kurzzeit-Plasmapulse |
DEP4444297.1 | 1994-12-13 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1995029274A1 true WO1995029274A1 (de) | 1995-11-02 |
Family
ID=27206313
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP1995/001594 WO1995029274A1 (de) | 1994-04-26 | 1995-04-26 | Verfahren zur beaufschlagung und beeinflussung einer festkörperoberfläche, insbesondere einer werkstoffoberfläche |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0758410A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH09512306A (de) |
WO (1) | WO1995029274A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000013860A1 (de) * | 1998-09-08 | 2000-03-16 | Jagenberg Papiertechnik Gmbh | Messer zum schneiden laufender materialbahnen |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5925039B2 (ja) * | 2011-05-02 | 2016-05-25 | 三菱レイヨン株式会社 | 電子顕微鏡観察用染色剤および該染色剤を用いた染色方法 |
Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2435446A1 (de) * | 1974-07-23 | 1976-06-16 | Hollingsworth Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum haerten von drahtfoermigen werkstuecken |
JPS61194166A (ja) * | 1985-02-20 | 1986-08-28 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 再溶融硬化処理方法 |
GB2177040A (en) * | 1985-07-09 | 1987-01-14 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Iron-base article surface hardened by plasma arc disposition |
EP0246828A1 (de) * | 1986-05-18 | 1987-11-25 | Daido Tokushuko Kabushiki Kaisha | Verschleissfeste Gegenstände aus Titan oder aus einer Titanlegierung |
EP0260706A1 (de) * | 1986-09-19 | 1988-03-23 | Yoshida Kogyo K.K. | Korrosionsbeständige, amorphe Oberflächenlegierungen und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
US4864094A (en) * | 1988-01-13 | 1989-09-05 | Metallurgical Industries, Inc. | Process of fabricating a cutting edge on a tool and a cutting tool made thereby |
US4878953A (en) * | 1988-01-13 | 1989-11-07 | Metallurgical Industries, Inc. | Method of refurbishing cast gas turbine engine components and refurbished component |
EP0352220A1 (de) * | 1988-07-19 | 1990-01-24 | GebràDer Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft | Oberflächenbeschichtung aus einer Aluminium-Basislegierung |
WO1991005072A1 (en) * | 1989-10-07 | 1991-04-18 | The University Of Birmingham | Method of modifying the surface of a substrate |
EP0438971A1 (de) * | 1990-01-22 | 1991-07-31 | Sulzer Innotec Ag | Beschichtetes metallisches Substrat |
DE4238993C1 (de) * | 1992-01-20 | 1993-07-01 | Leybold Durferrit Gmbh, 5000 Koeln, De | |
JPH05279836A (ja) * | 1992-03-31 | 1993-10-26 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 鋼材表面へのプラズマ浸炭方法 |
WO1993023587A1 (de) * | 1992-05-19 | 1993-11-25 | Igenwert Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur impulsbeaufschlagung einer festkör peroberfläche |
-
1995
- 1995-04-26 EP EP95919345A patent/EP0758410A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-04-26 WO PCT/EP1995/001594 patent/WO1995029274A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-04-26 JP JP7527377A patent/JPH09512306A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2435446A1 (de) * | 1974-07-23 | 1976-06-16 | Hollingsworth Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum haerten von drahtfoermigen werkstuecken |
JPS61194166A (ja) * | 1985-02-20 | 1986-08-28 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 再溶融硬化処理方法 |
GB2177040A (en) * | 1985-07-09 | 1987-01-14 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Iron-base article surface hardened by plasma arc disposition |
EP0246828A1 (de) * | 1986-05-18 | 1987-11-25 | Daido Tokushuko Kabushiki Kaisha | Verschleissfeste Gegenstände aus Titan oder aus einer Titanlegierung |
EP0260706A1 (de) * | 1986-09-19 | 1988-03-23 | Yoshida Kogyo K.K. | Korrosionsbeständige, amorphe Oberflächenlegierungen und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
US4864094A (en) * | 1988-01-13 | 1989-09-05 | Metallurgical Industries, Inc. | Process of fabricating a cutting edge on a tool and a cutting tool made thereby |
US4878953A (en) * | 1988-01-13 | 1989-11-07 | Metallurgical Industries, Inc. | Method of refurbishing cast gas turbine engine components and refurbished component |
EP0352220A1 (de) * | 1988-07-19 | 1990-01-24 | GebràDer Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft | Oberflächenbeschichtung aus einer Aluminium-Basislegierung |
WO1991005072A1 (en) * | 1989-10-07 | 1991-04-18 | The University Of Birmingham | Method of modifying the surface of a substrate |
EP0438971A1 (de) * | 1990-01-22 | 1991-07-31 | Sulzer Innotec Ag | Beschichtetes metallisches Substrat |
DE4238993C1 (de) * | 1992-01-20 | 1993-07-01 | Leybold Durferrit Gmbh, 5000 Koeln, De | |
JPH05279836A (ja) * | 1992-03-31 | 1993-10-26 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 鋼材表面へのプラズマ浸炭方法 |
WO1993023587A1 (de) * | 1992-05-19 | 1993-11-25 | Igenwert Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur impulsbeaufschlagung einer festkör peroberfläche |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 11, no. 18 (C - 398) 17 January 1987 (1987-01-17) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 18, no. 68 (C - 1161) 4 February 1994 (1994-02-04) * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2000013860A1 (de) * | 1998-09-08 | 2000-03-16 | Jagenberg Papiertechnik Gmbh | Messer zum schneiden laufender materialbahnen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH09512306A (ja) | 1997-12-09 |
EP0758410A1 (de) | 1997-02-19 |
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