Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/002—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing a foodstuff as carrier or diluent, i.e. baits
  • A01N25/006—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing a foodstuff as carrier or diluent, i.e. baits insecticidal
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
  • A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an improved insecticide bait emulsion composition having a novel emulsion system to impart improved delivery and application characteristic thereto.
• Pastes or gels provide especially preferred emulsion type composition for delivery of insecticidally active ingredients together with food sources for the target insect.
• the purpose of developing improved delivery systems for insecticide containing bait emulsion composition is to form a stable bait containing compositions that will contain a high percentage of water and at the same time suspend feeding nutrients and stimulants in a quantity to induce an insect to feed on the bait.
• Insects such as cockroaches, forage for food and water, they cannot detect food from large distances further than 5 to 10 inches. As a result cockroaches forage for food along baseboards and behind appliances. As the insect encounters a bait source, as a bait station, the insect will examine the bait using its mouth parts and antennae. If the bait meets the insects nutritional needs it may consume the bait. If the bait contains an insecticidally effective amount of a toxicant, the insect will be killed. Cockroaches have a tendency to learn to return to previously investigated area which previously have provided a food source.
• Gel and paste compositions for the control of cockroaches are desirable means for applying food an insecticide in combination in a suitable bait/toxicant emulsion.
• Several previous bait gel or paste form emulsions have been disclosed.
• U. S. Patent 4,812,309 describes an insecticidal gel compositions for the control of cockroaches.
• the gellant is a non-ionic surfactant block co-polymer with an average molecular weight of about 12,500
• the composition is either a liquid or a gel depending upon the temperature at which the preparation was prepared
• U S Patent 5,021,237 desc ⁇ bes a gel lnsecticidal composition useful for the control of cockroaches
• the insecticidal gel compositions comprise a pentadienone hydrazone as a toxicant, a fatty acid, a lower alcohol, a gellant, water, a base, and a hydrocarbon propellant
• the gel bait composition comprises an oil-m-water emulsion of a toxicant in a corn syrup solution
• the gellant is stearic acid
• the gel is delivered by pressured spray of a bait in viscid form in situations where solid or liquid forms are not suitable Foam compositions have been disclosed, as in Serial No 442,024, Filed Nov 27,
• the present invention is drawn towards an improved stable insecticide formulated bait emulsion composition especially useful for the control of insects, in particular for the control of cockroaches, a method of preparing the composition and a method of its use More particularly, the invention relates to an insecticidal emulsion gel or paste composition comprising an active ingredient in a stable emulsion employing cross-linked polyacrylic acid polymer, starch and modified methylcellulose
• the emulsion composition of this invention has the following advantages over aerosol contact and residual sprays, current bait tray technology, and other gel and paste formulations
• the preparation is non-repellant
• the toxicant containing bait emulsion can be applied and placed in closer more accessible proximity to the insect harborages than standard bait applications, such as bait trays and other gel or paste formulations.
• the present compositions are viscid but sufficientl fluid to be dispersed from gas-pressured cans or mechanically from tubes, syringe, or caulking gun types of application which apply the compositions as a bead of material.
• the toxicant application can be tailored to accommodate structural requirements where the material is to be applied.
• the emulsion of the present invention delivers the bait and toxicant in such a form that remains in a stable form to be readily available for ingestion by insects for a long period of time.
• Some other advantages include non-staining of porous surfaces, stability at a wide range of temperatures, and indefinite pot life during processing and handling.
• the present emulsion contains a high percentage of water (moisture) which is an advantageous insect attracting agent, especially for cockroaches.
• cockroaches i.e., members of the Blatillaria, a suborder of orthopterous insects, species of cockroaches, house inhabitors including American (Periplaneta americana), oriental (Blatta orientalis), Australian (P. australasiae), German (Blatella germanic ⁇ ), brownbanded [(Supella longipalpa (F.)], smokybrown [P. Fuliginosa
• the emulsion can incorporate a wide variety of potentially incompatible insecticidal or pesticidal ingredients into a single, stable and homogeneous or non-homogeneous viscid flowable delivery system to control a broad spectrum of insects or other habit-associated/related pests, by delivery thereto the active ingredients.
• Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for simultaneously or concurrently controlling two or more natural populations of insects and habitat-associated pests such as cockroaches, with a single stable emulsion system, such as a gel or paste, delivery system.
• Still another specific object of the present invention is the provision of incorporating one or more suspending agent polymers, such as homopolymers, and emulsion stabilizing agents, in order to prepare a delivery system that retains a high level of moisture, and at the same time suspends large amounts of non-homogeneous materials such as feeding stimulants and an active ingredient.
• suspending agent polymers such as homopolymers, and emulsion stabilizing agents
• the use of the stable emulsions of the present invention provides simple and easy techniques for incorporation of a variety of insecticidal, pesticidal, and insecticidal/pesticidal ingredients with or without other additives, however preferably with bait materials, into stable emulsion forms, as pastes or gels, for ease of application and presentation of active agents in a suitable terrestrial habitat of the target insect or pest.
• the stable emulsion pastes and gels of the present invention ingredients and amounts are set forth in Table I below. TABLE I
• Ingredient Function (% w/w) (% w/w) active ingredient active 0.25-20.0 0.25-5.0 fatty acid (lipid phase) diluent 1.0-20.0 .
• 1.0-5.0 carbohydrate source food 10.0-30.0 20.0-30.0 glycerin or sorbitol solvent 10.0-20.0 12.0-18.0 protein source food 2.0-10.0 4.0-7.0 vegetable protein food 0-10 0-5.0 source modified gel agent 0.2-0.7 0.3-0.6 methylcellulose cross-linked gel agent 0.1-1.4 0.1-0.8 polyacrylic acid polymer odor masking agent masking agent 0.25-0.75 0.4-0.6 anti-microbial agent preservative 0.05-1.0 0.05 -0.85 inorganic base pH adjuster 0.35-1.0 0.35-0.70 starch thickener 0-7.5 1.0-7.5 water co-solvent Q S. Q.S.
• the preferred thickening or emulsifying agent is of the class carboxy polymethylene, also known as carboxy vinyl polymers; also described as vinyl polymer with active carboxyl groups.
• This class of vinyl polymer is a cross-linked polyacrylic acid polymer which imparts a unique dispersion performance to the added formulation with excellent thickening efficiency and short flow rheology. This material is pH dependent and is usually activated at a pH of about 6.0 to about 9.0.
• a preferred gel formulation is obtained.
• Starch has a unique characteristic for building viscosity. When dispersed in the presence of a cross-linked polyacrylic acid polymer hydrated starch illustrates viscosity development in the solution. The result is a very satisfactory gel emulsion that sets and is resistant to flow stress even at lower viscosities and higher temperatures.
• starch or a starch derivative of any origin may be employed, for example a starch or starch derivative from tubers, such as potato, or derived from cereals, such as corn or rice.
• starch is meant any modified food starch, especially those known as cold water swelling corn starch, both waxy (i.e., derived from waxy maize) and non-waxy.
• the cold water modified food starch possesses many of the desired characteristics of a specialty cook up starch without heating.
• the co-gelling agent is a modified alkylcellulose.
• alkyl cellulose includes cellulose in which an average of between about 1.1 and about 2.5 of the available hydroxy groups on each glucoside unit have been converted to alkyl ethers.
• alkyl is used to include, usually lower alkyl groups having no more than about 8 carbon atoms and optionally contain hydroxyl or other functional groups. Mixtures of various alkyl cellulose compounds and/or derivatives are likewise useful. It is preferred that the alkyl group of the alkyl cellulose be primarily methyl. It is also preferred that the alkyl group be hydroxypropyl or hydroxypropyl, in combination with methyl. An especially useful alkyl cellulose is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. All of the foregoing alkylcelluloses may be collectively referred to as modified methylcellulose.
• a feeding stimulant composition comprising on a weight basis: from about 2.0 to about 10% proteinaceous food material as a feeding stimuli; from about 0% to about 10% vegetable protein as a feeding stimuli; from about 10 to about 30% carbohydrate source; and from about 1 to about 20% lipid.
• These feeding/bait compositions have been found to be exceedingly effective for con. -mption by insects, such as cockroaches, for example, Blatella germanica and Periplaneta americana, which typically infest locations, both domestic and industrial, that contain sufficient food, moisture and shelter for survival.
• the carbohydrate source can be selected from is fruit juice, honey, sucrose, fructose, maltose, arabinose, galactose sugar, lactose, D-lactose, D-glucosamine and the like.
• Silkworm pupae is a by-product of the silk industry obtained during the isolation of silk.
• Compositions of the invention may readily be prepared by grinding the dry pupae by conventional methods to maximize the yield of 10-60 mesh particles, which is preferred.
• Animal digest is an acceptable source of animal protein coming from beef, poultry, fish and insect parts. Animal digest also includes internal organ parts obtained as by-products from slaughter house processing of such animals. These animal materials are preferably treated prior to use, as by spray-drying, freeze-drying and oven-drying.
• Spray-drying methods are in the prior art and therefore no detailed exemplification need be given. However, in the interest of clarity, the following brief description of spray drying will be given. Spray-drying is unique in that it dries a finely divided droplet by direct contact with the drying medium (usually air) in an extremely short retention time, 3 to about 30 seconds. This short contact time results in minimum heat degradation of the dried product. Drying from a particle generally takes place in two stages, the constant-rate and the falling rate period. The primary drying force is the temperature difference between the surrounding air and the temperature of the particle. This technique is particularly effective in preparing poultry liver useful in the present bait compositions.
• Various insect-controlling components are formulated with the attractant composition.
• this emulsion formulation may be formulated with an active insecticidal ingredient, preferably a pentadiene-3-one substituted amidino hydrazone insecticide as described in U.S. Pat. 4,087,525, for example,
• insecticides can be substituted for the substituted amidino hydrazone insecticide, particularly organophosphates, such as cloropyrifos — O,O-diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyrid ⁇ nyl) phosphorothioate, carbamates, such as proposux — 2-(l-methylethoxy)phenyl methylcarbamate, pyrethroids, such as phenothrin — (3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl
• the lipid phase contains edible oil, a fatty acid, the active ingredient and emulsifier and the aqueous phase contains a carbohydrate, thickener, feeding stimulant and preservative
• Other long chain fatty acids and various lipids would be acceptable substitutes or replacements for the fatty acid and lipid components identified herein Therefore, the present invention includes a method for controlling cockroaches comprising applying in the vicinity of their habitat or infested area an insecticidal bait composition comprising an insecticidally effective amount of a substituted amidino hydrazone insecticide or fatty acid salt thereof and the stable emulsion of bait feeding composition containing feed stimulants according to the present invention Additional edible earners and additives such as fish meal, sugars, flour and the like may be added and the mixture blended until homogeneous
• Antimicrobial and/or antioxidant agents also may be included optionally, from about 0 5% to about 1 0% of an antimicrobial agent such as sorbic acid/ potassium sulfate, DowcilTM 200 (cis isomer of 2-(3-chloroallyl)3,5,7-triaza-l-azonia-l-adamantane chloride), esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid such as propyl paraben/methyl paraben (propyl p-hydroxy benzoate/methyl p-hydroxybenzoate), Captan
• an antimicrobial agent such as sorbic acid/ potassium sulfate, DowcilTM 200 (cis isomer of 2-(3-chloroallyl)3,5,7-triaza-l-azonia-l-adamantane chloride), esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid such as propyl paraben/methyl paraben (propyl p-hydroxy benzoate/methyl p-hydroxybenzoate), Captan
• 1,3-diol, 3-iodo-2-propylbutyl carbamate; and benzothiazolin-3-one may be added to inhibit microorganism growth may be incorporated during formation of the emulsion composition of this invention.
• German cockroaches of assorted ages and sexes Each arena was a box cover (16 in. x 10 in. x 6 in.) or the equivalent with a perforated cover to prevent escape of the test insects.
• Each arena was prepared with harborage and a 4 oz. water bottle with a wick as a water source for the insects in the arena.
• Harborage consisted of a cardboard mailer box (4.5 in. x 2.75 in. x 2.5 in.) with a triangle entrance cut on one side of the side panel.
• a field evaluation was conducted to determine the efficacy of the stable emulsion composition of the present invention.
• Representative target insects were the natural cockroach population in residential apartments naturally infested with cockroaches, that is, testing was done under natural field conditions in apartments.
• the active ingredient insecticide used was hydramethylnon.
• the following table represents the stable emulsion gel bait formulation used in this field evaluation.
• the procedure for the field evaluation included pre-trapping the apartments with sticky traps for 48 hours prior to the application of the emulsion gel formulation in the apartment. This was done to establish a control or population count prior to placement of the emulsion baits.
• Emulsion bait was placed in kitchens of the apartments in the following areas: under the sink in rear co er, under the stove on both sides; under refrigerator on both sides; upper cabinets top shelf, in the rear; lower cabinets, in rear comers; pantry; and cabinet above refrigerator. Approximately 20 grams of the emulsion gel formulation was distributed among the above locations. This delivered approximately the same weight of bait as 12 bait stations. A total often (10) apartments, with ten replicates for each for the first week, and ten apartments for ten replicates for the second week was used. The stable gel formulation was applied using a syringe of 20 grams per apartment. Results of the field evaluation and bioassays concerning the efficacy of the stable emulsion of this invention yields the following results
• phase angle 0 which rises from 0° to 90° and which corresponds to the relative extent of solid and liquid properties, respectively, is seen to increase with temperature for the prior art gel, indicating that it becomes more liquid-like with increasing temperature.
• phase angle measured for the stable emulsion of this invention decreases with increasing temperature, indicating the preferred tendency of this formulation to become more solid-like at higher temperatures
• comparison of viscosity values shows the preferred stable emulsion maintains a higher nominal viscosity compared to the prior art gel over typical usage temperatures TABLE m
• the stable emulsion of the present invention was compared side-by-side with gel formulations labeled Prior Art I and Prior Art II, which utilized non-ionic surfactant block copolymers according to U.S. Pat. 4,821,309.
• a comparable amount of each gel type was applied to a substantially vertical surface at room temperature. The surfaces were then exposed to increasing temperatures of 100 to 120°F. When the higher temperature was achieved, all the test samples were maintained at this temperature and successive readings taken at 3 hours, 6 hours and 48 hours.
• Consistency-Cohesiveness (Consistency-Penetration Method)
• This penetration test provides an arbitrary measure of the firmness of plasticized substances and the like by measuring the distance of a given weight of defined shape will penetrate the substance in a certain period of time.
• the firmness of the substance is related to the composition and character of the substance, to the temperature of the sample at the time of measurement and to the previous history of the sample.
• This test performed with sample at room temperature, about 70°F ⁇ 3; 100°F and 120°F.
• This method is applicable to plastic fats and solid emulsions such as shortenings, margarine, butter, paint, cosmetic creams, gels and similar products.
• This property lends the stable emulsion of this invention for use in bait trays as a high moisture-containing bait toxicant composition.
• the substance maintains a satisfactory constant consistency over a wide temperature range.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Plant Pathology (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Dentistry (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
• Catching Or Destruction (AREA)

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• 1995
  • 1995-02-08 CN CNB951919849A patent/CN1292653C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-02-08 JP JP52345495A patent/JP3867810B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-02-08 WO PCT/US1995/001544 patent/WO1995024124A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1995-02-08 KR KR1019960704924A patent/KR100405252B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1995-02-08 AU AU17447/95A patent/AU709549B2/en not_active Expired
  • 1995-02-08 BR BR9507000A patent/BR9507000A/pt unknown
  • 1995-02-08 MX MX9603941A patent/MX9603941A/es active IP Right Grant
  • 1995-02-08 EP EP95909500A patent/EP0749273A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1995-02-08 CA CA002182690A patent/CA2182690C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1995-02-08 SG SG1996004673A patent/SG47846A1/en unknown

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