WO1995021360A1 - Cooling device provided with a variable flow energy saving cycle - Google Patents

Cooling device provided with a variable flow energy saving cycle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995021360A1
WO1995021360A1 PCT/FR1995/000119 FR9500119W WO9521360A1 WO 1995021360 A1 WO1995021360 A1 WO 1995021360A1 FR 9500119 W FR9500119 W FR 9500119W WO 9521360 A1 WO9521360 A1 WO 9521360A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
evaporator
installation according
condenser
pump
medium
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR1995/000119
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jacques Bernier
Original Assignee
Jacques Bernier
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jacques Bernier filed Critical Jacques Bernier
Publication of WO1995021360A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995021360A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
    • F24F2005/0025—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice using heat exchange fluid storage tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/04—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means
    • F25B2400/0401—Refrigeration circuit bypassing means for the compressor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is a device for producing cold with an energy-saving cycle with flow modulation, autonomous or integrable in the circuit of refrigeration machines with absorption, chemical or adsorption compression.
  • Cold or heat production installations are already known using compression or absorption refrigeration cycles, intended for example for air conditioning or space heating, or for cooling foodstuffs.
  • Energy-saving air conditioning systems are also known which call for direct or indirect use of outside air in winter.
  • these systems have a certain number of drawbacks such as the introduction of dry air into the premises which will have to be humidified, which leads to additional energy consumption and the need for air supply ducts of large dimensions, or an annex heat transfer system independent of the refrigeration circuit, therefore bulky and expensive.
  • the circulation of the refrigerant takes place in normal cycle through the compressor (for compression systems), or through the absorber / generator pair (for absorption systems); in economizer cycle, in winter when the outside temperature is sufficiently low, the circulation of the fluid between the condenser and the evaporator is done by means of a liquid pump, or by gravity.
  • This type of design saves around 40% of the energy consumption of air conditioning systems operating all year round, by reducing consumption due to ventilation and humidification, and by eliminating that due to compressor.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram of an installation according to the invention
  • ° Figure 2 is a variant of the economizer system for installations fitted with an electronic expansion valve.
  • ° Figure 3 is a variant of Figure 2.
  • ° Figure 4 is a variant of Figure 1.
  • D Figure 5 is another variant where the circulation of the liquid is gravitational.
  • a Figure 6 is a variant of the compressor short circuiting device.
  • ⁇ Figure 7 is a diagram of an installation according to the invention for absorption machines.
  • FIG. 1 An energy saving device according to the invention, FIG. 1, is integrated into a traditional refrigeration system comprising a compressor (1), an evaporator (5), a condenser (2), a pressure reducer (4), two cycles of operation is possible: the normal cycle and the economizer cycle.
  • the figure represents an air / air type system but the system can be adapted to both air / water or water / water or water / air systems.
  • the normal cycle is used when the temperature of the medium to be cooled is lower or close to that of the medium where the heat is removed, nothing therefore distinguishes it from the conventional cycle of refrigeration machines: the compressor (1) expels gases into the condenser ( 2), the liquid formed goes to the reservoir (3) then passes through the valve (8) before being expanded in the expansion valve (4), the liquid evaporates in the evaporator (5) where it produces cold, the vapors are then sucked in by the compressor to form a new cycle.
  • the economizer cycle is used when the temperature of the medium to be cooled is higher than that of the medium where the heat is removed.
  • the pump (6) sucks the liquid in the tank (3) then via the valve (7) (of electromagnetic or motorized type) it goes towards the evaporator (5) where it vaporizes while cooling the medium inside of (AR) to (AS), the vapor formed passes through the check valve (12) to go to the condenser where it condenses by giving up its heat to the outside environment from (AE) to (R) before returning towards the tank (3).
  • DOmriP (6 otto Hornière cy.n " ⁇ r.mant onv / irrtn” n -frxi ⁇ a monk ⁇ I IO the compressor for the same production of cold.
  • Conventional components such as taps and fittings (13 to 22) as well as dehydrator (10), sight glass (11), pressure switch (30) and (31), can of course be integrated into the circuit.
  • the pressure probe (31) can also play the role of the temperature probe (23).
  • the regulation of the pump adapts its operation to the flow rate of liquid vaporizable in the evaporator, by acting on the opening and closing of the valve (7), or by acting on the speed of rotation of the pump by varying its frequency. for example.
  • the pump (6) will preferably be of the hermetic type (with magnetic drive for example).
  • the pump (6) can also be installed inside the liquid tank (3) in order to avoid any risk of defusing or cavitation.
  • FIG. 2 represents a variant of the invention in which the injection into the evaporator is regulated by an electronic expansion valve (40) that the installation operates in normal cycle or in economiser cycle.
  • a valve (41) or other means for short-circuiting the pump in normal cycle is provided, the latter being stopped.
  • Figure 3 is a variant of Figure 2 for the case when the stationary type of pump installed allows the passage of liquid (centrifugal pump in particular). In this case, the means for short-circuiting the pump is unnecessary.
  • Figure 4 is a variant of Figure 1 for evaporators comprising a liquid distributor (45), in this case, in economizer cycle, the liquid drawn by the pump (6) passes through the valve (43) to be injected after the restrictor which generally equips liquid distributors.
  • the liquid coming from the bottle (3) passes through the valve (44), then through the regulator (42).
  • the valve (43) and the valve (44) can be replaced by a three-way valve, which would be yet another means of regulating the injection of liquid in the economiser cycle by partial re-aspiration by the pump (6) of the liquid repressed.
  • FIG. 5 represents another variant, without pump, in the economizer cycle, the valve (43) is then opened and the liquid circulates by gravity.
  • This configuration requires that the condenser be placed above the evaporator so that circulation can take place.
  • the probes (23) and (24) control the liquid supply to the evaporator by action on the valve (43).
  • FIG. 6 is a variant concerning the means for short-circuiting the compressor in the economizer cycle.
  • a valve (46) of motorized or electromagnetic type for example performs this function.
  • Figure (7) shows a block diagram of an installation according to the invention, applied to absorption machines or to chemical cold and adsorption machines. The operating principle of the device is identical to that of compression systems.
  • a device (54) allows the short circuiting of the generator (G) and the absorber (A), when the temperature of the source of the condenser (50) is lower than that of the source of the evaporator (51).
  • the refrigerant condensed in the condenser (50) feeds the evaporator (51) via the liquid line (52) either by gravity or by pump in an arrangement similar to those presented in Figures 1 to 5.
  • the valve (54) can also be replaced by a valve tei described for FIG. 6.
  • the advantage of the system is here again the energy saving which allows less frequent operation of the heating means (55) of the generator (G)
  • the invention is not limited to refrigeration machines, it also finds its application in heat or cold recovery systems, in this case only the economizer cycle exists and the means of expansion and short circuits become unnecessary due to the absence of compressor or generator.
  • the main application of the invention is in air conditioners of the type with separate elements commonly called “split-system", in particular for the air conditioning of computer premises, telephone exchanges, commercial premises, and generally applications with a cold demand during the winter period.
  • the invention is also applicable to air conditioners of the monobloc type and in particular the air conditioners installed on the roof. It is possible to use the invention in water-cooled or air-cooled chilled water production plants as well as in water-cooled or air-cooled air cooling systems.
  • the invention is not limited to compression systems, it indeed finds its application in absorption machines (water / lithium bromide or NH3 / water for example), and again in refrigeration machines with chemical reaction and adsorption .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)

Abstract

A energy-saving device to be incorporated into a traditional refrigeration system includes a compressor (1), an evaporator (5), a condenser (2), a presssure-reducing valve (4), and features two operating modes: a normal mode and an energy-saving mode. The normal mode is used when the temparature of the medium to be cooled is lower than or close to that of the medium where the heat is dissipated, just like the normal mode of conventional refrigeration machines. The compressor (1) pumps the gases into the condenser (2), the liquid formed being conveyed to the reservoir (3) and then to valve (8) before being passed through a pressure-reducing valve (4). The liquid is evaporated in the evaporator (5), thereby producing a cooling effect, the vapours then being drawn in by the compressor to form a new cycle. The energy-saving mode is used when the temperature of the medium to be cooled is higher than that of the medium in which the heat is dissipated. The pump (6) draws liquid into the reservoir (3); an electromagnetic or motorized valve then conveys it to the evaporator (5) where it is vaporized thereby cooling the inner medium from (AR) to (AS). The vapour formed passes through check valve (12) before being conveyed to said condenser where it undergoes condensation, the heat released being dissipated to the outer medium from (AE) to (R) before returning to said reservoir (3).

Description

DISPOSITIF DE PRODUCTION DE FROID AVEC CYCLE ECONOMIE-EIK D 'ENERGIE A MODULATION DE DEBIT COLD PRODUCTION DEVICE WITH FLOW MODULATION ENERGY SAVING-EIK CYCLE
L'invention a pour objet un dispositif de production de froid avec cycle économiseur d'énergie à modulation de débit, autonome ou intégrable dans le circuit des machines frigorifiques à compression à absorption, chimiques ou à adsorption. On connaît déjà des installations de production de froid ou de chaleur utilisant des cycles frigorifiques à compression ou à absorption, destinées par exemple à la climatisation ou au chauffage de locaux, ou encore au refroidissement de denrées. On connaît également des systèmes économiseurs d'énergie en climatisation faisant appel à l'utilisation directe ou indirecte de l'air extérieur en hiver. Ces systèmes présentent cependant un certain nombre d'inconvénients comme l'introduction dans les locaux d'air sec qu'il faudra humidifier, ce qui amène des consommations d'énergie supplémentaires et la nécessité de disposer de conduits d'amenée d'air de grandes dimensions, ou encore d'un système annexe de transfert de chaleur indépendant du circuit frigorifique, donc encombrant et coûteux. Par ailleurs, les systèmes frigorifiques classiques à compression ne peuvent pas fonctionner dans de bonnes conditions en hiver lorsque l'air extérieur est trop froid, car les organes de régulation comme le détendeur n'arrivent plus à alimenter l'évaporateur, ce qui oblige à élever artificiellement la température de condensation du fluide frigorigène augmentant ainsi la consommation d'énergie du compresseur. De telles installations ne sont pas satisfaisantes car elles compliquent la gestion du système et conduisent à des consommations annexes plus élevées, tout en augmentant de façon importante le prix du système.The subject of the invention is a device for producing cold with an energy-saving cycle with flow modulation, autonomous or integrable in the circuit of refrigeration machines with absorption, chemical or adsorption compression. Cold or heat production installations are already known using compression or absorption refrigeration cycles, intended for example for air conditioning or space heating, or for cooling foodstuffs. Energy-saving air conditioning systems are also known which call for direct or indirect use of outside air in winter. However, these systems have a certain number of drawbacks such as the introduction of dry air into the premises which will have to be humidified, which leads to additional energy consumption and the need for air supply ducts of large dimensions, or an annex heat transfer system independent of the refrigeration circuit, therefore bulky and expensive. In addition, conventional compression refrigeration systems cannot operate in good conditions in winter when the outside air is too cold, because regulators such as the expansion valve can no longer supply the evaporator, which means that artificially raising the condensing temperature of the refrigerant thus increasing the energy consumption of the compressor. Such installations are not satisfactory because they complicate the management of the system and lead to higher ancillary consumption, while significantly increasing the price of the system.
C'est d'une manière générale un but de l'invention de fournir une installation qui ne présente pas les inconvénients rappelés ci-dessus des installations connues.It is generally an object of the invention to provide an installation which does not have the drawbacks mentioned above of known installations.
C'est en particulier un but de l'invention de fournir une installation frigorifique comportant un dispositif économiseur utilisant les mêmes échangeurs (évaporateur et condenseur) que ceux utilisés dans le cycle frigorifique normal. La circulation du fluide frigorigène s'effectue en cycle normal par l'intermédiaire du compresseur (pour les systèmes à compression), ou par l'intermédiaire du couple absorbeur/générateur (pour les systèmes à absorption); en cycle économiseur, en hiver lorsque la température extérieure est suffisamment basse, la circulation du fluide entre le condenseur et l'évaporateur se fait par l'intermédiaire d'une pompe à liquide, ou par gravité. Ce type de conception permet d'économiser de l'ordre de 40% des consommations d'énergie des installations de climatisation fonctionnant toute l'année, en diminuant les consommations dues à la ventilation et à l'humidification, et en supprimant celle due au compresseur.It is in particular an object of the invention to provide a refrigeration installation comprising an economizer device using the same exchangers (evaporator and condenser) as those used in the cycle normal refrigeration. The circulation of the refrigerant takes place in normal cycle through the compressor (for compression systems), or through the absorber / generator pair (for absorption systems); in economizer cycle, in winter when the outside temperature is sufficiently low, the circulation of the fluid between the condenser and the evaporator is done by means of a liquid pump, or by gravity. This type of design saves around 40% of the energy consumption of air conditioning systems operating all year round, by reducing consumption due to ventilation and humidification, and by eliminating that due to compressor.
C'est encore un but de l'invention de fournir un système économiseur d'énergie dont le fluide de travail est le même que celui utilisé en cycle normal.It is another object of the invention to provide an energy saving system whose working fluid is the same as that used in normal cycle.
C'est toujours un but de l'invention de proposer que la circulation du fluide de travail en cycle économiseur, soit assurée soit par pompe, soit de façon gravitaire.It is always an object of the invention to propose that the circulation of the working fluid in the economizer cycle, either ensured either by pump, or by gravity.
C'est encore un but de l'invention de proposer un dispositif économiseur permettant une régulation sensible des transferts thermiques.It is also an object of the invention to provide an economizer device allowing sensitive regulation of heat transfers.
L'invention sera bien comprise par la description qui suit faite à titre d'exemple et en référence aux dessins annexés dans lequel: ° La figure 1 est un schéma d'une installation selon l'inventionThe invention will be better understood from the following description given by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: ° FIG. 1 is a diagram of an installation according to the invention
° La figure 2 est une variante du système économiseur pour les installations équipées d'un détendeur électronique. ° La figure 3 est une variante de la figure 2. ° La figure 4 est une variante de la figure 1. D La figure 5 est une autre variante où la circulation du liquide est gravitaire. a La figure 6 est une variante du dispositif de court circuitage du compresseur. π La figure 7 est un schéma d'une installation selon l'invention pour les machines à absorption.° Figure 2 is a variant of the economizer system for installations fitted with an electronic expansion valve. ° Figure 3 is a variant of Figure 2. ° Figure 4 is a variant of Figure 1. D Figure 5 is another variant where the circulation of the liquid is gravitational. a Figure 6 is a variant of the compressor short circuiting device. π Figure 7 is a diagram of an installation according to the invention for absorption machines.
Un dispositif économiseur d'énergie selon l'invention, figure 1, s'intègre dans un système frigorifique traditionnel comportant un compresseur (1), un évaporateur (5), un condenseur (2), un détendeur (4), deux cycles de fonctionnement sont possibles: le cycle normal et le cycle économiseur. La figure représente un système de type air/air mais le système s'adapte aussi bien à des systèmes de type air/eau ou eau/eau ou encore eau/air. Le cycle normal est utilisé lorsque la température du milieu à refroidir est inférieure ou proche de celle du milieu où la chaleur est évacuée, rien ne le distingue donc du cycle classique des machines frigorifiques: le compresseur (1) refoule des gaz dans le condenseur (2), le liquide formé se dirige vers le réservoir (3) puis passe par le clapet (8) avant d'être détendu dans le détendeur (4), le liquide s'évapore dans l'évaporateur (5) où il produit du froid, les vapeurs sont alors aspirées par le compresseur pour former un nouveau cycle. Le cycle économiseur est utilisé iorsque la température du milieu à refroidir est supérieure à celle du milieu où la chaleur est évacuée. La pompe (6) aspire le liquide dans le réservoir (3) puis par l'intermédiaire de la vanne (7) (de type électromagnétique ou motorisée) il se dirige vers l'évaporateur (5) où il se vaporise en refroidissant le milieu intérieur de (AR) à (AS), la vapeur formée passe par le clapet de retenue (12) pour se diriger vers le condenseur où elle se condense en cédant sa chaleur au milieu extérieur de (AE) à (R) avant de retourner vers le réservoir (3). A titre d'exemple, pour une température extérieure de 5UC et un local à climatiser à 25=C, ia température d'ébuiiition et de condensation du fiuide frigorigène sera de l'ordre de 15°C, les seules consommations d'énergie seront (dans le cas d'un système de type air/air) celles des ventilateurs (28) et (26), ainsi que celle de laAn energy saving device according to the invention, FIG. 1, is integrated into a traditional refrigeration system comprising a compressor (1), an evaporator (5), a condenser (2), a pressure reducer (4), two cycles of operation is possible: the normal cycle and the economizer cycle. The figure represents an air / air type system but the system can be adapted to both air / water or water / water or water / air systems. The normal cycle is used when the temperature of the medium to be cooled is lower or close to that of the medium where the heat is removed, nothing therefore distinguishes it from the conventional cycle of refrigeration machines: the compressor (1) expels gases into the condenser ( 2), the liquid formed goes to the reservoir (3) then passes through the valve (8) before being expanded in the expansion valve (4), the liquid evaporates in the evaporator (5) where it produces cold, the vapors are then sucked in by the compressor to form a new cycle. The economizer cycle is used when the temperature of the medium to be cooled is higher than that of the medium where the heat is removed. The pump (6) sucks the liquid in the tank (3) then via the valve (7) (of electromagnetic or motorized type) it goes towards the evaporator (5) where it vaporizes while cooling the medium inside of (AR) to (AS), the vapor formed passes through the check valve (12) to go to the condenser where it condenses by giving up its heat to the outside environment from (AE) to (R) before returning towards the tank (3). For example, for an outside temperature of 5 U C and a room to be air conditioned at 25 = C, the boiling and condensation temperature of the refrigerant will be around 15 ° C, the only consumption of energy will be (in the case of an air / air type system) that of the fans (28) and (26), as well as that of the
DOmriP (6 otto Hornière cy.n«θπr.mant onv/irrtn " n -frxi→a moine ΠI IO le compresseur pour la même production de froid. On pourra envisager également de faire fonctionner simultanément la pompe (6) et le compresseur (1) lors de périodes intermédiaires (par exemple à 15°C extérieur pour 25°C intérieur, la puissance transférée par le circuit économiseur étant plus faible, et la température extérieure étant trop basse pour permettre à l'installation frigorifique de fonctionner normalement). Les organes classiques tels que les robinets et raccords (13 à 22) ainsi que déshydrateur (10), voyant liquide (11), pressostat (30) et (31), peuvent bien sûr s'intégrer dans le circuit. Afin d'éviter des risques d'entraînement de liquide vers le compresseur (en cycle économiseur), deux sondes de température (23) et (24) contrôlent la surchauffe des vapeurs sortant de l'évaporateur (5) et agissent sur le fonctionnement de la pompe (6). La sonde de pression (31) peut aussi jouer le rôle de la sonde de température (23). La régulation de la pompe adapte son fonctionnement au débit de liquide vaporisable dans l'évaporateur, en agissant sur l'ouverture et la fermeture de la vanne (7), ou en agissant sur la vitesse de rotation de la pompe par variation de sa fréquence d'alimentation par exemple. La pompe (6) sera de préférence de type hermétique (à entraînement magnétique par exemple). La pompe (6) pourra également être installée à l'intérieur même du réservoir de liquide (3) afin d'éviter tout risque de désamorçage ou de cavitation.DOmriP (6 otto Hornière cy.n "θπr.mant onv / irrtn" n -frxi → a monk ΠI IO the compressor for the same production of cold. We could also consider running the pump (6) and the compressor ( 1) during intermediate periods (for example at 15 ° C outside for 25 ° C inside, the power transferred by the economizer circuit being lower, and the outside temperature being too low to allow the refrigeration installation to operate normally). Conventional components such as taps and fittings (13 to 22) as well as dehydrator (10), sight glass (11), pressure switch (30) and (31), can of course be integrated into the circuit. In order to avoid risks of entrainment of liquid towards the compressor (in economizer cycle), two temperature probes (23) and (24) control the superheating of the vapors leaving the evaporator (5) and act on the operation of the pump (6). The pressure probe (31) can also play the role of the temperature probe (23). The regulation of the pump adapts its operation to the flow rate of liquid vaporizable in the evaporator, by acting on the opening and closing of the valve (7), or by acting on the speed of rotation of the pump by varying its frequency. for example. The pump (6) will preferably be of the hermetic type (with magnetic drive for example). The pump (6) can also be installed inside the liquid tank (3) in order to avoid any risk of defusing or cavitation.
La figure 2 représente une variante de l'invention dans laquelle l'injection dans l'évaporateur est régulée par un détendeur électronique (40) que l'installation fonctionne en cycle normal ou en cycle économiseur. Dans ce cas il est prévu un clapet (41) ou un autre moyen de court circuitage de la pompe en cycle normal, cette dernière étant à l'arrêt.FIG. 2 represents a variant of the invention in which the injection into the evaporator is regulated by an electronic expansion valve (40) that the installation operates in normal cycle or in economiser cycle. In this case, a valve (41) or other means for short-circuiting the pump in normal cycle is provided, the latter being stopped.
La figure 3 est une variante de la figure 2 pour le cas où à l'arrêt le type de pompe installé autorise le passage du liquide (pompe centrifuge notamment). Dans ce cas le moyen de court circuitage de la pompe est inutile.Figure 3 is a variant of Figure 2 for the case when the stationary type of pump installed allows the passage of liquid (centrifugal pump in particular). In this case, the means for short-circuiting the pump is unnecessary.
La figure 4 est une variante de la figure 1 pour les évaporateurs comportant un distributeur de liquide (45), dans ce cas, en cycle économiseur, le liquide puisé par la pompe (6) passe par la vanne (43) pour être injecté après le restricteur qui équipe généralement les distributeurs de liquide. En cycle normal, le liquide provenant de la bouteille (3) passe par le clapet (44), puis par le détendeur (42). La vanne (43) et le clapet (44) peuvent être remplacés par une vanne trois voies, ce qui serait encore un autre moyen de réguler l'injection de liquide en cycle économiseur par ré-aspiration partielle par la pompe (6) du liquide refoulé.Figure 4 is a variant of Figure 1 for evaporators comprising a liquid distributor (45), in this case, in economizer cycle, the liquid drawn by the pump (6) passes through the valve (43) to be injected after the restrictor which generally equips liquid distributors. In cycle normal, the liquid coming from the bottle (3) passes through the valve (44), then through the regulator (42). The valve (43) and the valve (44) can be replaced by a three-way valve, which would be yet another means of regulating the injection of liquid in the economiser cycle by partial re-aspiration by the pump (6) of the liquid repressed.
La figure 5 représente une autre variante, sans pompe, en cycle économiseur la vanne (43) est alors ouverte et le liquide circule par gravité. Cette configuration impose que le condenseur soit placé au-dessus de l'évaporateur pour que la circulation puisse s'effectuer. Là encore, les sondes (23) et (24) contrôlent l'alimentation en liquide de l'évaporateur par action sur la vanne (43).FIG. 5 represents another variant, without pump, in the economizer cycle, the valve (43) is then opened and the liquid circulates by gravity. This configuration requires that the condenser be placed above the evaporator so that circulation can take place. Again, the probes (23) and (24) control the liquid supply to the evaporator by action on the valve (43).
La figure 6 est une variante concernant le moyen de court circuitage du compresseur en cycle économiseur. Une vanne (46) de type motorisée ou électromagnétique par exemple assure cette fonction. La figure (7) représente un schéma de principe d'une installation selon l'invention, appliquée aux machines à absorption ou encore aux machines de froid chimique et à adsorption. Le principe de fonctionnement du dispositif est identique à celui des systèmes à compression. Un dispositif (54) permet le court circuitage du générateur (G) et de l'absorbeur (A), lorsque la température de la source du condenseur (50) est inférieure à celle de la source de l'évaporateur (51). Le liquide frigorigène condensé dans le condenseur (50) alimente l'évaporateur (51) par l'intermédiaire de la ligne liquide (52) soit par gravité, soit par pompe suivant une disposition similaire à celles présentées dans les figures 1 à 5. Le clapet (54) peut également être remplacé par une vanne tei décrit pour la figure 6. L'intérêt du système est là encore l'économie d'énergie qui permet un fonctionnement moins fréquent du moyen de chauffage (55) du générateur (G).FIG. 6 is a variant concerning the means for short-circuiting the compressor in the economizer cycle. A valve (46) of motorized or electromagnetic type for example performs this function. Figure (7) shows a block diagram of an installation according to the invention, applied to absorption machines or to chemical cold and adsorption machines. The operating principle of the device is identical to that of compression systems. A device (54) allows the short circuiting of the generator (G) and the absorber (A), when the temperature of the source of the condenser (50) is lower than that of the source of the evaporator (51). The refrigerant condensed in the condenser (50) feeds the evaporator (51) via the liquid line (52) either by gravity or by pump in an arrangement similar to those presented in Figures 1 to 5. The valve (54) can also be replaced by a valve tei described for FIG. 6. The advantage of the system is here again the energy saving which allows less frequent operation of the heating means (55) of the generator (G) .
L'invention n'est pas limitée aux machines frigorifiques, elle trouve son application également dans les systèmes de récupération de chaleur ou de froid, dans ce cas seul le cycle économiseur existe et les moyens de détente et de court circuitage deviennent inutiles en raison de l'absence de compresseur ou de générateur.The invention is not limited to refrigeration machines, it also finds its application in heat or cold recovery systems, in this case only the economizer cycle exists and the means of expansion and short circuits become unnecessary due to the absence of compressor or generator.
L'application principale de l'invention se situe dans les climatiseurs de type à éléments séparés appelés communément "split-system", notamment pour le conditionnement d'air des locaux informatiques, centraux téléphoniques, locaux commerciaux, et d'une manière générale les applications possédant une demande de froid en période d'hiver.The main application of the invention is in air conditioners of the type with separate elements commonly called "split-system", in particular for the air conditioning of computer premises, telephone exchanges, commercial premises, and generally applications with a cold demand during the winter period.
L'invention est également applicable aux climatiseurs de type monoblocs et notamment les climatiseurs installés en toiture. II est possible d'utiliser l'invention dans les centrales de production d'eau glacée à condensation par eau ou par air ainsi que dans les systèmes de refroidissement d'air à condensation à eau ou à air.The invention is also applicable to air conditioners of the monobloc type and in particular the air conditioners installed on the roof. It is possible to use the invention in water-cooled or air-cooled chilled water production plants as well as in water-cooled or air-cooled air cooling systems.
L'invention n'est pas limitée aux systèmes à compression, elle trouve en effet son application dans les machines à absorption (eau/bromure de lithium ou NH3/eau par exemple), et encore dans les machines frigorifiques à réaction chimique et à adsorption. The invention is not limited to compression systems, it indeed finds its application in absorption machines (water / lithium bromide or NH3 / water for example), and again in refrigeration machines with chemical reaction and adsorption .

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Dispositif de production de froid avec cycle économiseur d'énergie, autonome ou intégrable dans le circuit des machines frigorifiques à compression, à absorption, chimiques, ou à adsorption, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend , en cycle économiseur, les moyens de circulation du fluide frigorigène liquide entre le condenseur et l'évaporateur, et les moyens de modulation de son débit par l'action de deux sondes, dont l'une est placée à la sortie de l'évaporateur.1. Cold production device with energy saving cycle, autonomous or integrable in the circuit of compression, absorption, chemical, or adsorption refrigeration machines, characterized in that it comprises, in the economy cycle, the means of circulation of the liquid refrigerant between the condenser and the evaporator, and the means for modulating its flow by the action of two probes, one of which is placed at the outlet of the evaporator.
2. Installation selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que la circulation du fluide frigorigène liquide entre le condenseur et l'évaporateur s'effectue par pompe.2. Installation according to claim 1 characterized in that the circulation of the liquid refrigerant between the condenser and the evaporator is carried out by pump.
3. Installation selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que la première sonde thermostatique (24) est placée à la sortie de l'évaporateur et la seconde sonde est thermostatique (23) et placée à l'entrée de l'évaporateur. 3. Installation according to claim 1 characterized in that the first thermostatic probe (24) is placed at the outlet of the evaporator and the second probe is thermostatic (23) and placed at the inlet of the evaporator.
4. Installation selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que la première sonde thermostatique (24) est placée à la sortie de l'évaporateur et la seconde sonde est pressostatique (31) .4. Installation according to claim 1 characterized in that the first thermostatic probe (24) is placed at the outlet of the evaporator and the second probe is pressostatic (31).
5. Installation selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que les sondes agissent sur l'ouverture ou la fermeture des vannes (7), (40) ou (43). 5. Installation according to claim 1 characterized in that the probes act on the opening or closing of the valves (7), (40) or (43).
6. Installation selon la revendication 2 caractérisée en ce que les sondes agissent sur la vitesse de rotation de la pompe .6. Installation according to claim 2 characterized in that the probes act on the speed of rotation of the pump.
7. Installation selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que la circulation du liquide est gravitaire.7. Installation according to claim 1 characterized in that the circulation of the liquid is gravitational.
8. Installation selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que le système est à absorption, chimique, ou à adsorption et comprend un dispositif (54) de court circuitage du générateur (G) et de l'absorbeur (A) permettant le passage du gaz entre l'évaporateur et le condenseur, l'alimentation de l'évaporateur (51) à partir du condenseur (50), étant assurée soit par gravité, soit par pompe. 8. Installation according to claim 1 characterized in that the system is absorption, chemical, or adsorption and comprises a device (54) for short circuiting the generator (G) and the absorber (A) allowing the passage of gas between the evaporator and the condenser, the supply of the evaporator (51) from the condenser (50) being provided either by gravity or by pump.
9. Installation selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que le détendeur (4) (40) (42) est de type électronique.9. Installation according to claim 1 characterized in that the regulator (4) (40) (42) is of electronic type.
10. Installation selon la revendication 2 caractérisée en ce que le débit de la pompe est régulé par une vanne restreignant le refoulement ou court circuitant le refoulement et l'aspiration de la pompe. 10. Installation according to claim 2 characterized in that the pump flow is regulated by a valve restricting the discharge or shorting the discharge and the suction of the pump.
PCT/FR1995/000119 1994-02-01 1995-02-01 Cooling device provided with a variable flow energy saving cycle WO1995021360A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR94/01059 1994-02-01
FR9401059A FR2715716B1 (en) 1994-02-01 1994-02-01 Energy-saving cold production device, autonomous or integrable in the circuit of refrigeration machines.

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EP0937950A2 (en) * 1998-02-23 1999-08-25 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Air conditioner
WO2002004876A1 (en) * 2000-07-06 2002-01-17 Dantherm Hms A/S A cooling system for active and passive operation
ITPN20090043A1 (en) * 2009-07-13 2011-01-14 Parker Hiross Spa IMPROVED COOLING DEVICE
EP2400242A1 (en) * 2009-02-19 2011-12-28 Emerson Network Power Co., Ltd Air conditioner
CN103615774A (en) * 2013-11-12 2014-03-05 曙光信息产业(北京)有限公司 Auxiliary device for pump system, control method for auxiliary device and pump system
EP2256438A3 (en) * 2009-05-29 2015-03-11 Airbus Operations GmbH Cooler, in particular for airplanes
CN105758033A (en) * 2016-04-29 2016-07-13 北京天云动力科技有限公司 Energy-efficient cooling system and method for data center

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CN102563757B (en) * 2011-12-22 2014-04-02 深圳市英维克科技有限公司 Energy-saving air conditioner system
CN104764235B (en) * 2015-04-10 2017-01-11 深圳科士达科技股份有限公司 Fluoride pump air conditioning integration system for improving low temperature refrigeration ability
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ITPN20090043A1 (en) * 2009-07-13 2011-01-14 Parker Hiross Spa IMPROVED COOLING DEVICE
CN103615774A (en) * 2013-11-12 2014-03-05 曙光信息产业(北京)有限公司 Auxiliary device for pump system, control method for auxiliary device and pump system
CN103615774B (en) * 2013-11-12 2017-01-18 曙光节能技术（北京）股份有限公司 Auxiliary device for pump system, control method for auxiliary device and pump system
CN105758033A (en) * 2016-04-29 2016-07-13 北京天云动力科技有限公司 Energy-efficient cooling system and method for data center

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