Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
  • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
  • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
  • D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
  • D01F6/70—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyurethanes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/08—Processes
  • C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/48—Polyethers
  • C08G18/4854—Polyethers containing oxyalkylene groups having four carbon atoms in the alkylene group
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/48—Polyethers
  • C08G18/4858—Polyethers containing oxyalkylene groups having more than four carbon atoms in the alkylene group

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for dry-spinning spandex at high speeds. More particularly, the invention concerns such a process wherein the spandex is dry spun and wound up at speeds as high as 900 meters per minute or higher from a solution of a polyurethaneurea derived from a polyether-based glycol that was capped with diisocyanate and then chain extended with a particular mixture of specific diamines.
• the spandex of the invention is especially suited for use in women's hosiery.
• spandex yarns usually are knit into the hosiery along with nylon yarns.
• the hosiery After knitting, the hosiery usually is subjected to a "boarding" treatment, in which the hosiery is placed on a form and treated with steam at a temperature of about 115°C. The treatment remove wrinkles from the hosiery, sets the final shape of the hosiery, and provides the hosiery with a much more elegant initial appearance than such hosiery would have had were it not so treated.
• Spandex yarns generally require higher setting temperatures than do nylon yarns. In boarding operations, excess temperatures or over-heating of the hosiery can cause formation of undesirable "board marks", or lines. The undesirable marks correspond to the location of the edge of the form used in the boarding operation. Also, knit hosiery that contains spandex yarns generally does not retain the shape of the boarding form as well as does hosiery that contains no spandex, because of the strong elastic recovery properties of the spandex. These problems of spandex in hosiery are exacerbated with spandex of very low decitex.
• the Dreibelbis et al spandex is a polyurethaneurea formed from an isocyanate-capped poly(tetramethyleneether)glycol that was chain extended with a diamine mixture, preferably of ethyenediamine (“EDA”) and 2-methylpentamethylenediamine (“MPMD”) .
• EDA ethyenediamine
• MPMD 2-methylpentamethylenediamine
• the amount of coextender in the diamine mixture is in the range of 20 to 50 mole percent.
• coextenders disclosed in passing by Dreibelbis et al i.e., at column 3, lines 35-42) is a mixture of EDA and 1,2-diaminopropane (“PDA”) coextender.
• a similar spandex yarn formed from a capped glycol of a copolymer of tetrahydrofuran and 3-methyl-tetrahydrofuran that was chain-extended with an EDA/MPMD diamine mixture, is disclosed by Bretches et al, U. S. Patent 4,973,647.
• the spandex of Bretches also suffers from shortcomings similar to those of the Dreibelbis spandex.
• EDA ethylenedia ine
• PDA 1,2-diaminopropane
• An objective of this invention is to provide a process for high speed spinning of a polyether-based polyurethaneurea spandex that would be particularly suited for use in women's hosiery.
• the present invention provides a dry spinning process for making polyether-based polyurethaneurea spandex that is particularly suited for inclusion in women's knitted hosiery.
• the process comprises reacting an organic diisocyanate, selected from the group consisting of methylene-bis(4- phenylisocyanate) and tolylene diisocyanate, with a poly(tetramethylene-ether)glycol or a copolymer of 3- methyltetrahydrofuran and tetrahydrofuran, to form a capped glycol, with a capping ratio being in the range of 1.65 to 1.95 and the glycol or copolymer having a number average molecular weight in the range of 1750 to 2250, chain extending the capped glycol, in an organic solvent, with a mixture of ethyenediamine and 1,2- diaminopropane, the 1,2-diaminopropane amounting to in the range of 8 to 17 mol
• a novel product of the present invention is a high-speed spun spandex derived from a poly(tetra ⁇ methyleneether)glycol or a copolymer of tetrahydrofuran and 3-methyltetrahydrofur n that was capped with methylene-bis(4-phenylisocyanate) or tolylene diisocyanate and then chain extended with a diamine mixture of ethylenedia ine and 1,2-diaminopropane, the molar concentration of the 1,2-diaminopropane being in the range of 8 to 17 percent of the total diamine content of the spandex, said spandex having a break elongation of at least 450%, a tenacity of at least 0.7 deciNewtons/tex, an unload power of at least 0.13 dN/tex, an as-spun set in the range of 26 to 32% and a steam set efficiency in the range of 24 to 28%.
• a preferred spandex of the invention is derived from a poly(tetramethyleneether)glycol having a number average molecular weight in the range of 1750 to 1900, that was capped with methylene-bis(4 phenyl- isocyanate) and chain extended with a mixture of diamines having molar concentrations of ethylene diamine in the range of 85 to 90% and of 1,2-diaminopropane in the range of 15 to 10%, the spandex having a break elongation of at least 500%, a set of at least 28% and a steam set efficiency of at least 26%.
• the term "spandex” has its usual definition; that is, a manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is a long chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 85% by weight of a segmented polyurethane.
• the segmented polyurethane is composed of "soft segments” and "hard segments”.
• the soft segments are polyether-based portions of the polymer chain which, in accordance with the invention, are derived from a poly(tetramethyleneether)glycol or a copolymer of tetrahydrofuran and 3- methyltetrahydrofuran.
• the hard segments are the portions of the polymer chains which are derived from a diisocyanate, preferably methylene-bis-(4- phenylisocyanate) or tolylene diisocyanate, and the two-component chain-extending diamine mixture of the invention.
• Capping ratio is the molar ratio of diisocyanate to glycol that is used in the reaction that forms the isocyanate-capped glycol intermediate.
• NCO content refers to the isocyanate end group content of the isocyanate-capped glycol prior to the chain extension extension reaction with the diamine mixture.
• Molecular weight means number average molecular weight.
• Fiber includes in its meaning staple fibers and continuous filaments.
• Texttex means fibers 6 to 25 dtex per filament.
• P04G poly(tetramethyleneether)glycol P04G tetrahydrofuran THF
• 1,2-diaminopropane also called 1,2-propanediamine PDA
• 2-methyl-l,5-diaminopentane also called 2-methyl-l,5-pentanediamine MPMD 1,2-diaminocyclohexane, also called hydrogenated o-phenylenediamine HOPD 1,3-diaminocyclohexane, also called hydrogenated m-phenylenediamine HMPD N,N-dimethylacetamide solvent DMAc tenacity, dN/tex T elongation at break, % E unload power, dN/tex UP percent set %S steam set efficiency SSE
• the chemical composition of spandex polymers illustrated in the examples also may be abbreviated.
• Monomers of the repeating units of the polymer are separated by colons.
• a polyurethaneurea made from poly(tetra- methyleneether)glycol (“P04G”) , methylene-bis(4-phenyl- isocyanate) ("MDI”) and a mixture of ethylene diamine (“EDA”) and 2-methyl-l,5- diaminopentane (“MPMD”) is abbreviated P04G:MDI:EDA/MPMD.
• Diamines separated by slashes i.e., /
• a polyurethaneurea made in accordance with the invention is abbreviated as: PO4G(1800) :MDI:EDA/PDA(85/15) .
• the P04G or the copolymer of THF/3-MeTHF that forms the soft segment of the spandex polymer usually has a number average molecular weight in the range of 1750 to 2,250.
• the P04G or the copolymer has a molecular weight in the range of 1750 to 1900.
• the soft segment is derived from the THF/3-MeTHF copolymer
• the 3-MeTHF content of the copolymer is in the range of 7 to 20 mole %.
• P04G of the above- described molecular weight is reacted (or "capped") in a conventional manner with an excess of MDI to form an isocyanate-terminated polymer.
• the capping ratio i.e., the molar ratio of MDI to glycol
• the NCO content of the isocyanate-terminated polymer is in the range of 2.4 to 2.9%, preferably in the range of 2.75 to 2.85%.
• the capped polymer is then chain-extended with a mixture of EDA and PDA to form the polymer which is used to dry spin the spandex at high speeds.
• the amount of diamine chain extenders used to make polymer suitable for spandex of the invention typically be sufficient to produce hard segments that amount to 7 to 13%, preferably 9 to 11% of the total weight of the polymer.
• An insufficient amount of hard segment results in spandex that is overly tacky and difficult to spin.
• An excessive amount of hard segment detrimentally affects the elastic properties of the spandex.
• Molar concentrations of the individual diamines in the diamine mixture are in the ranges of 83 to 92% EDA and 17 to 8% PDA.
• PDA concentration of the EDA/PDA mixture exceeds the desired range, as shown in Examples below, poorer properties of as-spun set and steam set efficiency are obtained in spandex dry spun at high speeds, as compared to spandex spun in the same way but made with the narrow range of diamine mixtures in accordance with the invention.
• the PDA concentration in the EDA/PDA diamine mixture is below the narrow range specified in accordance with the invention, dry- spinning of the polymer solution at high speeds becomes very difficult because of undesired changes that occur in polymer solution viscosity with time.
• Circular knit stockings containing spandex made in accordance with the present invention avoid the problems described above which are usually encountered in "boarding" treatments of the stockings. These effects are illustrated in the Example 5 below.
• Chemical reactions used to prepare polyether- based polyurethaneurea suitable for spandex of the present invention usually can be performed in conventional spandex solvent, such as dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone or the like.
• the polymer solution can then be dry spun into filaments. Typically, the polymer is dry spun into filaments from the same solvent as was used for the polymerization reactions.
• Filaments are dry spun in accordance with the process of the invention at a windup speed of at least 550 meters per minute, preferably at least 700 m/min and most preferably at least 900 m/min.
• the spandex can be spun as single filaments or can be coalesced by conventional techniques into multi-filament yarns.
• Each filament is of textile decitex (i.e., in the range of 6 to 25 dtex per filament) .
• the polymer of the spandex of the invention can contain conventional agents that are added for specific purposes, such as antioxidants, thermal stabilizers, UV stabilizers, pigments, dyes, lubricating agents and the like.
• Spandex yarn made in accordance with the present invention typically has a tenacity of at least 0.7 dN/tex, a break elongation of at least 450%, a fifth cycle unload power at 300% elongation of at least 0.13 dN/tex, a set of at least 25% and usually less than 33%, and a steam set efficiency of at least 24% and usually less than 28%.
• a combination of properties is unique for spandex spun at high speeds. The following test procedures are used for measuring various characteristics of the spandex described above and in the Examples and Comparisons below.
• the number average molecular weight of a polyether diol is determined from the hydroxyl number of the polyether diol, which is measured by the imidazole-pyridine catalyst method described by S. L. Wellon et al, "Determination of Hydroxyl Content of Polyurethane Polyols and Other Alcohols", Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 52, No. 8, pp. 1374-1376 (July 1980).
• NCO content of isocyanate-capped polyether is measured by the method of S. Siggia, "Quantitative Organic Analysis via Functional Group", 3rd Edition, Wiley & Sons, New York, pages 559-561 (1963) .
• the diamine coextender composition of the spandex polymer can be determined by the steps of (a) degrading the soft segment of the polymer in boron trifluoride etherate, (b) adding water to precipitate the hard segment, (c) filtering and drying the hard- segment precipitate, (d) dissolving the hard segment in deuterated dimethylsulfoxide and (f) analyzing the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum to determine hydrogen bonds from which the relative amounts of EDA and MPMD can be determined.
• % S 100(L f - L 0 )/L 0 , where L 0 and Lf are respectively the filament length, when held straight without tension, before and after the five elongation/relaxation cycles.
• %HS 100(R - 1) (M di + M da )/(M g + RM di +(R - l)M da ) wherein M is the number average molecular weight R is the mole ratio of isocyanate to glycol Subscript "g” refers to glycol Subscript “di” refers to diisocyanate and Subscript “da” refers to the diamines (mole average molecular weight) .
• the particular polyurethaneurea employed in this example was PO4G(1800) :MDI:EDA/PDA(90/10) made with a capping ratio of 1.75 that formed a capped glycol with an NCO content of 2.8% before being chain-extended with the diamine mixture.
• the following general procedure was used to prepare the polymer and then dry spin it into filaments.
• P04G 1800 number average molecular weight was mixed with MDI in a ratio of 1.75 moles of MDI per mole of P04G (i.e., to provide a capping ratio of 1.75) and then reacted by heating the mixture for about 1-1/2 hours at 90°C to yield an isocyanate-terminated polyether (i.e.
• capped glycol having an NCO content of 2.8 weight percent.
• the capped glycol was cooled and thoroughly mixed with DMAc for about 10 minutes to form a solution containing about 45 to 50% solids. Then, while the capped glycol solution was still being mixed, a mixture of diamine chain-extenders, consisting of 90 mole % EDA and 10 mole % PDA, and 7 mole % of diethylamine chain terminator (all mole % based on total moles of diamines present) , the diamines and diethylamine being dissolved in additional DMAc, were added to the capped glycol solution.
• the additional amount of DMAc decreased the solids concentration of the resultant solution to about 35% by weight of the total solution and the resulting reaction formed the desired segmented polyurethaneurea.
• the resulting polypolyurethaneurea solution had a viscosity of about 3000 poise at 40°C and the polymer had an intrinsic viscosity of about 0.95 gram per deciliter (measured at 25°C in DMAc at a concentration of 0.5 grams of polymer/lOOml of solution) .
• Table I which lists the wind-up speed, break elongation, unload power, percent set and percent steam-set efficiency of each sample. Samples 1, 2 and 3 are of the invention. Samples A, , B and C are comparison samples. Note the distinctly inferior unload power of the samples wound up at less than 500 m/min. Table I
• This example compares the properties of spandex made with PO4G(1800) :MDI:EDA/PDA, in accordance with the procedures of Sample 2 of Example 1, with identical spandex comparison samples except that the EDA/PDA molar ratio was changed from 90/10 (Sample 2) to 85/15 (Sample 4) 75/25 (Sample D) and 65/35 (Sample E) .
• the spandex of each sample was spun at 734 m/min.
• Table II illustrate the advantages of the spandex of the invention prepared with an EDA/PDA molar ratio of 90/10 or 85/15 over spandex prepared with the EDA/PDA ratio outside the invention.
• This example compares properties of high ⁇ speed spun spandex of PO4G(1800) :MDI:EDA/PDA(90/10) , made by the the procedures for Sample 2 of Example 1, with spandex made by the same procedures except that the 90/10 EDA/PDA diamine mixture of Sample 2 was replaced by 90/10 mixtures of EDA/HOPD (Sample H) and EDA/HMPD (Sample I) .
• Another comparison sample a commercial 22-dtex, 3-filament coalesced spandex yarn, Sample J, was included.
• Sample J was made the same way as Sample 2, except that (a) the 90/10 diamine mixture was EDA/MPMD (instead of EDA/PDA) , (b) the capping ratio was 1.7 (instead of 1.75), (c) the NCO content of the capped glycol intermediate was 2.40% (instead of 2.80%) and (d) the windup speed was 756 m/min (instead of 734 m/min) .
• the properties of the resulting spandex are summarized in Table IV, below, and clearly show the superiority of the EDA/PDA diamine coextender combination over the other combinations of diamine chain extenders. Diamine combinations other than the EDA/PDA mixture result in a high speed spun spandex that has less desirable properties of set and steam-set efficiency.
• Each of the spandex yarns was drafted three ⁇ fold and single covered with 1700 turns per meter on a conventional hollow spindle covering machine with a non-textured, 13-dtex, 7-filament 6-nylon yarn.
• the covered yarns were then knit into women's pantyhose by being knit in every other course on a conventional four-feed circular knitting hosiery machine operating at 700 rotations per minute, with the alternate courses being knit with a non-textured, 13-dtex, 3-filament 6- nylon yarn.
• the hosiery was processed conventionally through cutting, sewing and dyeing steps.
• the final step in the fabrication was boarding, during which the legs of the hosiery were stretched onto forms and subjected to steam at 83 kiloPascals (12 psi) for about 15 seconds and then dried in air at 99°C for about 1-1/2 minutes.
• the hosiery was removed from the form and examined as follows.
• the hosiery was stretched about 10% circumferentially and viewed under a M420 stereomicroscope made by Wild division of Zeiss, Switzerland.
• the microscope was equipped with a fiber optic ring light illuminator to assist image analysis. A 10X magnification was employed.
• the image was transmitted to a Mackintosh Ilfx microcomputer and analyzed with "IMAGE” softwear (a computer program developed by the U.S. National Institutes of Health and now in the public domain) .
• IMAGE is basically a particle counter.
• the "particles" are loops or stitches in the stretched fabric, which appear on a screen as light spots.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Artificial Filaments (AREA)
• Polyethers (AREA)
• Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)

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• 1993
  • 1993-04-02 US US08/042,342 patent/US5362432A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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