WO1994013778A1 - Perfectionnements apportes a un procede de fabrication de pains de savon et appareil associe - Google Patents

Perfectionnements apportes a un procede de fabrication de pains de savon et appareil associe Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1994013778A1
WO1994013778A1 PCT/EP1993/003561 EP9303561W WO9413778A1 WO 1994013778 A1 WO1994013778 A1 WO 1994013778A1 EP 9303561 W EP9303561 W EP 9303561W WO 9413778 A1 WO9413778 A1 WO 9413778A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
barrel
screw
screws
feedstock
soap
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1993/003561
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Dhanraj Kalyansundaram Chokappa
Vijay Mukund Naik
Jojo Philip
Original Assignee
Unilever Plc
Unilever Nv
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Unilever Plc, Unilever Nv filed Critical Unilever Plc
Priority to BR9307677A priority Critical patent/BR9307677A/pt
Priority to DE69303495T priority patent/DE69303495T2/de
Priority to AU58118/94A priority patent/AU5811894A/en
Priority to EP94903791A priority patent/EP0675948B1/fr
Publication of WO1994013778A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994013778A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D13/00—Making of soap or soap solutions in general; Apparatus therefor
    • C11D13/14—Shaping
    • C11D13/18—Shaping by extrusion or pressing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvements relating to a process for the manufacture of soap forms and apparatus for use in said process.
  • the invention is particularly concerned with improvements to the so-called soap
  • the starting material for the production of a soap bar or billet is a mixture containing surfactants, other
  • processing/finishing of such a mixture involves various process steps such as homogenisation, shear working, and forming into a required shape.
  • One of the devices very commonly employed to carry out one or more of the above operations is a plodder.
  • the function of a simple plodder is to form the mixture into bars or billets of required cross-sections which may subsequently be cut into smaller bars or stamped into tablets of required shape by suitable other means.
  • the function of a refiner plodder is to clean the mixture free of gritty particles or impurities and additionally homogenise/shear work the same to achieve the required degree of homogeneity or phase structure.
  • the plodders may also be used to convert loose aggregates/chips/flakes into noodles for intermediate storage or for feeding subsequent process operations.
  • the heart of a plodder is a screw extruder.
  • the simplest plodder has an extruder with a single worm.
  • the feed stock either in homogenised and worked form or in the form of noodles or crimpled chips, fed through the hopper enters the extruder barrel and fills the annular space between the extruder worm (screw) and the barrel.
  • the barrel is stationary and the worm rotates inside the barrel. Frictional/viscous drag forces act on the
  • the extruder may have a perforated plate, through which the processed mass is forced. This is generally known in the art as a
  • perforated plate but it tends to reduce throughput. If the objective is to form the mixed mass into billets or bars, then a cone and die/eye plate are provided at the discharge end of the extruder along with or without the noodle plate. The extruder forces the mixed mass through these end fittings to product the noodles, billets or bars. Designs of perforated plates, cones and die/eye plates vary considerably from application to application. It should be noted that the throughput rate is very sensitive to the resistance offered by wire mesh screens, perforated plates, cones and dies. Machines called duplex or twin worm plodders have two worms (or screws) which are parallel, non-intermeshing and mounted tangentially with respect to each other within a barrel.
  • the worms may be co-rotating but usually they are counter-rotating.
  • Intermeshed and co-rotating twin screw extruders are also known for processing of soap/detergent mass.
  • non-intermeshed duplex plodders as well as the intermeshed co-rotating twin screw
  • Screw extrusion is apparently a simple operation, but the results in terms of quality of product, throughput rate, specific energy consumption, etc. can be influenced by a number of factors in a rather complex way. Generally, plodding is affected by soap factors and by machine factors. It is important to balance the various factors so as to achieve the best results. As the processed material moves forward, it is heated as a result of frictional and shear heat generation. Considerable structural breakdown may also take place in the case of some formulations. In certain instances, the heat
  • the functions of the screw extruder in the soap making process include mixing, working and conveying materials. Other apparatus exists for the performance of some or all of these process operations. For example, mixing can be performed in Z or Sigma-blade mixers: products can be worked by chilled rolls and transported using conveyors. As will be
  • isethionates being an example of such a surfactant. It has also become commonplace to include oily or fatty materials in the formulations so as to achieve skin benefits. Examples of such materials include fatty acids, free isethionate, mineral oils, paraffin oils and
  • processing as the feedstocks comprising such formulations can become particularly sensitive to variations in process temperature.
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides a process for the manufacture of soap forms which includes the step of treating a soap feedstock by passage through a twin screw, intermeshing, counter-rotating extruder.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides
  • the extruder comprises two oppositely-threaded, closely intermeshing screws mounted for rotation within a barrel having a first end and a second end, said screws having a minimal screw-to-screw and screw to barrel clearance such that as the feedstock passes along at least a part of the barrel from said first end and towards said second end it is divided into a plurality of discrete, substantially C-shaped segments bounded by the screw and barrel surfaces and conveyed in a path whereby the bulk of the feedstock move substantially parallel to the
  • n is the number of starts on the shaft
  • N is the shaft speed
  • v is the volume of the C-shaped segment mentioned above.
  • volumetric efficiencies of above 60% can be attained using the present invention whereas in single screw plodders according to the prior art the volumetric
  • the screws should be a matching pair, i.e. that they should have the same diameters and be substantially different only as regards the handedness of the screw.
  • the screws are preferably detachable from the extruder whereby whenever necessary the screws can be changed with another pair of screws having different screw layout.
  • the screw may be either continuous or segmented.
  • segmented screws have removable sections which can have varying pitches so that they can be manipulated depending upon the composition of the material being processed.
  • the screws may be single-start or multi-start.
  • apparatus according to embodiments of the present invention will further comprise means for rotating the screws in mutually opposite directions. It should be noted that the positive pumping characteristic of
  • extruders according to the present invention can be used either to increase the throughput of the extruder at a given rotational speed or to reduce the rotational speed required for a given throughput.
  • Reduction in screw speed is particularly advantageous as it reduces the extent to which the product is heated during treatment, and enables the power input to be reduced.
  • apparatus will further comprise means for
  • apparatus will further comprise means for forming the feedstock into soap forms at the second end of the barrel.
  • the forms can comprise noodles, bars and/or billets. The precise nature of the means for forming the feedstock will depend on the nature of the forms desired. Where noodles are desired said means comprise a perforated plate through which the feedstock is extruded. Where bars or billets are desired a conventional cone and eyeplate can be employed.
  • the pitch angle of the screws decreases in the direction of flow.
  • the pitch angle is 20-30 degrees adjacent the first end of the barrel and 10-20 degrees adjacent the second end of the barrel. This is particularly useful where feedstock is being compacted and its overall density is increasing during progress down the screw from the first to the second end of the barrel.
  • the width of the flights increases in the direction of flow relative to the width of the channel between the flights.
  • the width of the channel is at least three times the flight width adjacent the first end of the barrel and less than three times the flight width adjacent the second end of the barrel. This is particularly useful where feedstock is being compacted and its overall density is increasing during progress down the screw from the first to the second end of the barrel.
  • cooling means are provided to cool the feedstock within the barrel.
  • the cooling means can include means for
  • cooling means are generally employed in single screw extruders, the cooling means are optional in the present invention.
  • the efficiency of cooling can be improved by cooling the screws in addition to the barrel.
  • cooling means whether to assist in pumping or remove heat generated by shear adds a considerable capital cost and increases operating costs per ton of capacity whereas in the present invention the capacity of the cooling means to remove heat from the feedstock need not be as great. In practice, this enables a higher temperature coolant to be used, e.g. cooled water rather than chilled water. Moreover, the relatively low
  • M is the mass flowrate of the coolant
  • C is the specific heat capacity of the coolant, and; Dt is the temperature rise in the coolant.
  • the cooling means in embodiments of the present invention can include means for circulating a cooling fuild through a cooling jacket around the barrel and through passages within one or both of the screws and this can
  • the apparatus according to the present invention can apply the process of the invention to a wide range of feedstocks and use is not limited to those feedstocks which comprise synthetic, non-soap surfactants.
  • the invention can be applied to the processing of transparent and/or translucent soap formulations which are known to be of high viscosity and difficult or
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of an extruder with an open sectional view of the screws for carrying out the method according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the extruder
  • Fig. 3 shows a transverse cross-sectional profile of the screw
  • Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of two intermeshed
  • Fig. 5 shows a comparison of actual and theoretical
  • Fig. 6. shows (as 6a and 6b) details of two embodiments of the present invention
  • the extruder comprises two closely intermeshed screws 1 and 2 mounted within a jacketed barrel 3 and driven by a motor 4.
  • the two screws are oppositely threaded and closely intermeshed with each other. When one screw rotates clockwise, the other screw rotates anticlockwise.
  • the screws shown are single-start screws, but they may even be multi-start ones.
  • a cross section of a typical screw is shown in figure 3.
  • the clearances in between the screws and between the screws and the barrel are kept to the minimum possible. This ensures a plurality of substantially closed C-shaped chambers which enable the soap/detergent material to be transported positively and relatively gently. This feature is shown in figure 2.
  • a hopper 5 is typically provided, through which the soap/detergent material enters the extruder.
  • a perforated plate (not shown), a cone jacket (not shown) and an eye plate (not shown).
  • eyeplate, jacket and plate would be mounted on the flange at the output end of the extruder as shown in figure 1.
  • FIG. 6b partially intermeshing screws is shown in figure 6b, whereas figure 6a shows the more preferable arrangement having closely intermeshed screws. It should be noted that the screws of figure 6 do not have the particular features of the embodiment shown in figure 4 but rather represent the two extremes of the variation in flight width which occurs in figure 4 .
  • a particular advantage of those embodiments of the present invention in which closely intermeshing screws are used is that the soap/detergent material to a considerable extent is prevented from rotating with the screws. This ensures that the bulk of the material moves substantially parallel to the extruder axis and thereby avoids any rheological or structural damages or rise in temperature in the material and results in soap/detergent mass with better downstream processing qualities. Such a process delivers a higher throughput at a giver rpm, i.e. a better volumetric efficiency and a lower specific energy consumption in comparison to plodding methods hitherto being used in the soap/detergent industry.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de fabrication de pains de savon, consistant à soumettre du savon brut à un traitement par passage dans une extrudeuse à deux vis engrenées contrarotatives, et appareil de fabrication de pains de savon selon le procédé. Ledit appareil comporte une extrudeuse à deux vis engrenées contrarotatives. Cette extrudeuse comporte deux vis engrenées de manière serrée, filetées dans des sens contraires, et montées rotatives dans un logement présentant des première et seconde extrémités. Le jeu entre les vis et entre celles-ci et le logement est minimisé de sorte qu'en avançant de la première extrémité vers la seconde extrémité en longeant au moins une partie du logement, le savon brut soit divisé en une pluralité de segments distincts sensiblement en forme de C délimités par les faces des vis et du logement, et qu'il avance en suivant une trajectoire sensiblement parallèle à l'axe de rotation des vis.
PCT/EP1993/003561 1992-12-17 1993-12-13 Perfectionnements apportes a un procede de fabrication de pains de savon et appareil associe WO1994013778A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BR9307677A BR9307677A (pt) 1992-12-17 1993-12-13 Processo e aparelho para a fabricação de formas de sabão
DE69303495T DE69303495T2 (de) 1992-12-17 1993-12-13 Verbessertes verfahren zur herstellung von seifenriegeln
AU58118/94A AU5811894A (en) 1992-12-17 1993-12-13 Improvements relating to a process for the manufacture of soap bars and apparatus for use in said process
EP94903791A EP0675948B1 (fr) 1992-12-17 1993-12-13 Perfectionnements apportes a un procede de fabrication de pains de savon

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9226309.4 1992-12-17
GB929226309A GB9226309D0 (en) 1992-12-17 1992-12-17 Improved method of manufacture

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1994013778A1 true WO1994013778A1 (fr) 1994-06-23

Family

ID=10726757

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1993/003561 WO1994013778A1 (fr) 1992-12-17 1993-12-13 Perfectionnements apportes a un procede de fabrication de pains de savon et appareil associe

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0675948B1 (fr)
AU (1) AU5811894A (fr)
BR (1) BR9307677A (fr)
DE (1) DE69303495T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2089914T3 (fr)
GB (1) GB9226309D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1994013778A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995021907A1 (fr) * 1994-02-15 1995-08-17 Unilever Plc Procede de fabrication de pains de savon et appareil pour sa mise en oeuvre
WO1997020915A1 (fr) * 1995-12-01 1997-06-12 Unilever Plc Plaque de compression
US6224812B1 (en) 1997-05-16 2001-05-01 Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. Process for molding of a detergent composition
US6238612B1 (en) 1997-05-16 2001-05-29 Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. Process for the production of a detergent composition
US10077415B2 (en) 2008-03-28 2018-09-18 Ecolab Usa Inc. Detergents capable of cleaning, bleaching, sanitizing and/or disinfecting textiles including sulfoperoxycarboxylic acids

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1030555B (de) * 1953-04-10 1958-05-22 Hermann Berstorff Maschb Ansta Schneckenpresse zur Verarbeitung von organischen plastischen Massen
GB920734A (en) * 1961-02-28 1963-03-13 Lavorazione Mat Plastiche Sas Improvements in screw presses for extruding synthetic thermoplastic materials
GB1372419A (en) * 1970-10-07 1974-10-30 Blendax Werke Schneider Co Continuous process for the manufacture of bars of soaps having a plurality of layers of different colours
GB1495898A (en) * 1975-10-09 1977-12-21 Ideal Soap Co Marbleized soap bar plodder

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1030555B (de) * 1953-04-10 1958-05-22 Hermann Berstorff Maschb Ansta Schneckenpresse zur Verarbeitung von organischen plastischen Massen
GB920734A (en) * 1961-02-28 1963-03-13 Lavorazione Mat Plastiche Sas Improvements in screw presses for extruding synthetic thermoplastic materials
GB1372419A (en) * 1970-10-07 1974-10-30 Blendax Werke Schneider Co Continuous process for the manufacture of bars of soaps having a plurality of layers of different colours
GB1495898A (en) * 1975-10-09 1977-12-21 Ideal Soap Co Marbleized soap bar plodder

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995021907A1 (fr) * 1994-02-15 1995-08-17 Unilever Plc Procede de fabrication de pains de savon et appareil pour sa mise en oeuvre
WO1997020915A1 (fr) * 1995-12-01 1997-06-12 Unilever Plc Plaque de compression
US6224812B1 (en) 1997-05-16 2001-05-01 Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. Process for molding of a detergent composition
US6238612B1 (en) 1997-05-16 2001-05-29 Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. Process for the production of a detergent composition
US6800601B2 (en) 1997-05-16 2004-10-05 Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. Bar made by delivering composition under pressure of injector head at entry to substantially closed mold
US10077415B2 (en) 2008-03-28 2018-09-18 Ecolab Usa Inc. Detergents capable of cleaning, bleaching, sanitizing and/or disinfecting textiles including sulfoperoxycarboxylic acids

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU5811894A (en) 1994-07-04
EP0675948A1 (fr) 1995-10-11
ES2089914T3 (es) 1996-10-01
EP0675948B1 (fr) 1996-07-03
GB9226309D0 (en) 1993-02-10
DE69303495D1 (de) 1996-08-08
DE69303495T2 (de) 1996-11-28
BR9307677A (pt) 1999-06-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2048286A (en) Apparatus for treating plastic materials
AU768191B2 (en) Process for the manufacture of shaped articles
AU2003242655B2 (en) Method and device for liquefying of a powdery fat based product particularly in the production of chocolate and the like
EP0574172B1 (fr) Machine à mélanger du type "Transfermix"
US3434974A (en) Continuous manufacture of detergent laundry bars
CZ289664B6 (cs) Varný vytlačovací stroj pro výrobu tepelně zpracovaných biopolymerů a způsob varného vytlačování biopolymerů
US2494891A (en) Process and apparatus for making floating soap
EP0090649B1 (fr) Procédé de fabrication de barres de détergent
EP0675948B1 (fr) Perfectionnements apportes a un procede de fabrication de pains de savon
US5534212A (en) Process for the manufacture of soap bars and apparatus for use in same process
US20220204893A1 (en) Apparatus, process, and extrusion screw for producing syndet soaps
US2619680A (en) Process and apparatus for modifying the physical characteristics of plastic materials
US2525081A (en) Process for making floating soap
US3741702A (en) Apparatus for pressure rolling soaps and similar products
EP0090650B1 (fr) Procédé de fabrication de détergent
US20050127559A1 (en) Homogenizing multimodal polymer
Spitz Bar soap finishing
JPH07133500A (ja) 高粘度物の処理装置および石鹸の製造方法
JPS60176556A (ja) パン粉の製造装置
CN109366788B (zh) 一种天然橡胶初加工湿搅挤洗一体机
CN212488398U (zh) 一种饲料膨化机的挤出机构
DE2648948A1 (de) Schleppstroemungspumpe fuer rheologische medien
Freakley et al. Screw Extrusion and Continuous Mixing
JPH08295900A (ja) 石鹸の製造方法
Thiele American Leistritz Extruder Corporation, Somerville, New Jersey, USA

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT AU BB BG BR BY CA CH CZ DE DK ES FI GB HU JP KP KR KZ LK LU LV MG MN MW NL NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SK UA UZ VN

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN ML MR NE SN TD TG

DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 1994903791

Country of ref document: EP

WWP Wipo information: published in national office

Ref document number: 1994903791

Country of ref document: EP

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8642

WWG Wipo information: grant in national office

Ref document number: 1994903791

Country of ref document: EP