WO1994006733A1 - Microgranules utilisables en combinaison avec des inoculums bacteriens, leur obtention et leur application en agriculture - Google Patents
Microgranules utilisables en combinaison avec des inoculums bacteriens, leur obtention et leur application en agriculture Download PDFInfo
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- WO1994006733A1 WO1994006733A1 PCT/FR1993/000901 FR9300901W WO9406733A1 WO 1994006733 A1 WO1994006733 A1 WO 1994006733A1 FR 9300901 W FR9300901 W FR 9300901W WO 9406733 A1 WO9406733 A1 WO 9406733A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
- A01N63/27—Pseudomonas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/08—Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of agricultural crops in which seeds, plants and all other known growing media are used.
- the invention is part of the general technique of soil treatment in agriculture. It is applicable with many advantages to legume crops.
- microbial inocula in agriculture.
- the purpose of this technique is to provide, when the seeds or plants are placed in the soil, bacteria that are useful or essential for the growth of the plant.
- the inocula used for this purpose can be liquid microbial cultures, or on a solid support. They can also be dehydrated microbial cultures, in the form of a gel or of lyophilisate.
- the inocula currently in use and which are to be approved are pure cultures, free of contaminant in order to facilitate quality control, improve survival and prevent any introduction other than the authorized microbe.
- a first technique consists in bringing the inoculum at the time of sowing by bringing it into contact with the seed.
- a variant consists in using pre-inoculated seeds.
- Another technique provides for the inoculation of the seed bed: the inoculum is then brought into the seed line, either in liquid form or in the form of microgranules, these being practically spread using devices known for this purpose to distribute phytosanitary products.
- the latter technique is often preferred by farmers, since the quantities of product to be handled are lower than in the case of seed inoculation. For example, it suffices to use approximately 10 kg per hectare of microgranules instead of 80 to 150 kg of seeds in the case of seed inoculation.
- the results already recorded in practice also show that the efficiency of the seed bed inoculation technique is also good.
- a technique which consists in mixing, at the time of use, dry, a certain quantity of bacterial inoculum on a solid support, such as peat, with mineral microgranules of industrial origin, such as as clays, carbonates or others, the size of which is suitable for spreading.
- the particle size is approximately 0.2 to 0.8 mm.
- Such a technique has the advantage of using inexpensive microgranules, in combination with small amounts of inocula, which can be easily stored separately.
- it is not really concerned with the fixing of the inoculum on the microgranules, the latter only serving in fact to dilute the inoculum.
- the nature of such microgranules can be very varied and apart from the clay and mineral materials already mentioned, mention may be made of peat, sand, polyethylene beads and other similar materials capable of being spread by agricultural machinery.
- Granules containing the microorganism (s) to be inoculated are thus known, based on clay, peat, alginates, vermiculite, perlite, gels of various polysaccharides, silica, calcium sulfate.
- microgranules comprising associations of constituents, for example calcite coated with peat, gels of polysaccharides and silica, mixtures peat-clay and calcium sulfate, clays and alginates, among others.
- Granules of inert clay, or of another mineral or organic material acceptable for agricultural use, covered with a layer of Bacillus laterosporus bacteria are described there.
- European patent application EP-A-0295968 (PIONEER FRANCE BUT) relates to the protection of microorganisms contained in fertilizer compositions.
- the microorganisms are microencapsulated in a polysaccharide matrix, then the inoculum thus prepared is mixed with the fertilizer in solid form or in liquid form immediately before spreading. Note that it is only a question of mineral fertilizers for plant growth and not the addition of nutritive substrates to obtain growth in the soil of a microorganism.
- the microorganisms are pre-microencapsulated before mixing with the fertilizer.
- EP-A-0203708 relates to a process for adsorption of bacteria in the stationary phase by mixing the suspensions of bacteria with a granular support, chemically inert and porous, then drying. No nutrients are added to these granules.
- EP-A-0479 402 (LIJIMA, RYUSUKE) relates to a method of producing a mycelial fertilizer in which thermoactinomycetes are incubated in the presence of a porous support, said support having been previously kneaded with pyrolignic acid.
- thermoactinomycetes are left in fermentation for at least two days while maintaining the temperature between 55 and 80 "C.
- microorganisms are therefore not added just before the field application of the granules.
- the present invention belongs to the general technique of microbial inoculation using microgranules to be inoculated extemporaneously. She has mainly for the purpose of using microgranules which, after burial in the soil, make it possible to improve survival and obtain a multiplication of microorganisms in the inoculum.
- the invention relates to microgranules comprising a solid support and at least one substance capable of promoting the growth of germs in a microbial inoculum with which the micro-granules are brought into contact at the time of use.
- microgranules according to the invention are not inoculated in advance. They are used, at the time of use, in conjunction with the microbial inoculum.
- the invention also relates to a method for improving the yield of agricultural crops, in which an inoculum containing at least one microbial culture and microgranules is used, said method being characterized in that the microgranules comprise at least a substance capable of promoting the growth of germs in the inoculum.
- the method of the invention therefore consists in using microgranules containing a substance, in particular a nutritive substrate, capable of promoting the growth of the germs of the inoculum, said microgranules being prepared in advance and can be stored in the dry state. , and inoculate them at the time of use with a microbial inoculum, in order to obtain in the soil better survival and growth of this inoculum.
- any type of microgranules obtained by grinding or granulation whether microgranules of mineral or organic nature, or mixtures of such granules, can be used.
- the granules of mineral origin mention may be made of industrial clays and clay mixtures, which have given good practical results.
- microgranules of organic origin mention may be made of various granulated or ground substrates, based on peat, compost, plant residues and the like.
- the technical literature contains numerous examples of usable microgranules as well as indications on the desirable particle size. It is advisable to choose grain sizes which are suitable for spreading with conventional agricultural machinery, and it is known that an appropriate dimension for the size of the microgranules is of the order of 0.2 to 0.8 mm, for example. indicative and not limiting.
- the microgranules in question are enriched in advance, by contacting the microgranules themselves and the enrichment substrate, which consists of at least one substance capable of promoting the growth of germs. the microbial inoculum.
- the enrichment of the microgranules in advance can be carried out by imbibition, immersion or spraying of the microgranules and subsequent drying, by granulation of a suspension of solid material and the enrichment substrate or by mixing the microgranules with the finely ground enrichment substrates.
- the microgranules prepared in advance can be stored dry, so as not to allow the development of microorganisms during storage.
- any product capable of promoting the survival and the multiplication of germ to be inoculated either directly by allowing or stimulating its growth, or by limiting the growth of competitive soil germs.
- carbon-based substrates such as glucose, glycerol and any other source of carbon suitable for the growth of most microorganisms or else, on the contrary, use carbon-based substrates specific for the germ to be favored.
- other products in particular nitrogenous or phosphorous and more generally any nutrient capable of allowing the growth of the germ to be inoculated.
- biocides compatible with the germ to be inoculated but capable of inhibiting or slowing the growth of competitors, such as products active in the soil against bacteria, fungi and protozoa.
- products active in the soil against bacteria such as products active in the soil against bacteria, fungi and protozoa.
- These types of products are known to those skilled in the art and can in particular be chosen from antibiotics, fungicides and more generally any phytosanitary product.
- an inoculum containing at least one microbial culture could be used.
- the inoculation can call upon one or more germs, which can be brought successively or in mixture.
- the microgranules are inoculated by the user, at the time of use or shortly before it is used. All types of inoculum can be used, whatever their support and their packaging, for example inoculums on solid support, such as peat, liquid inoculums, gel inoculums or lyophilized inoculums.
- the invention can be applied with one or more microorganisms capable of being used in the inoculation of seeds, plants, growing media and soils.
- microorganisms capable of being used in the inoculation of seeds, plants, growing media and soils.
- These include all microorganisms that can be used to directly promote plant growth, such as those belonging to the Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Azospirillum species, as well as ecto- and endomycorrhizogenic fungi. Conclusive results have been obtained with the microorganism Bradyrhizobium japonicum.
- microorganisms which can be used in biological control against plant diseases and pests, such as bacteria antagonizing bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi (PGPR: Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria, Pseudomonas, Agrobacterium, Bacillus and other similar genera), antagonistic fungi of phytopathogenic fungi (Fusarium, Trichoderma, and other similar species) and entomopathogenic bacteria and fungi (Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria, and other similar species). Mention may also be made of the microorganisms which can be used in depollution and bioremediation of soils.
- PGPR Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria, Pseudomonas, Agrobacterium, Bacillus and other similar genera
- antagonistic fungi of phytopathogenic fungi Feusarium, Trichoderma, and other similar species
- entomopathogenic bacteria and fungi Bacillus and other similar species
- Mention may also be made
- the invention provides advantages over the traditional use of inoculum.
- the invention makes it possible to obtain growth in the soil of the germs brought in by increasing their number, which is reflected either by an improved effect of the inoculation, or by a safety effect in the event that difficult conditions are present during the inoculation treatment, which may be the case of a partially deficient inoculum or of an abnormal inoculation mortality. Thanks to the invention, the dose of microorganisms made available to the seed or the plant can be increased or maintained under excellent safety conditions.
- microgranules and more particularly of pre-inoculated microgranules, that is to say inoculated in advance during manufacture, is known in the prior art.
- pre-inoculated microgranules that is to say inoculated in advance during manufacture.
- the invention makes it possible to use commercial microgranules, generally inexpensive,
- FIG. 1 represents the results obtained with granules enriched with Bradyrhizobium japonicum. The development of microorganisms (in ordered) is followed as a function of time (in days).
- Figures 2 and 3 illustrate the growth of populations of the Pseudomonas C7R12 strain in liquid form (L), in normal clay form (A) and in enriched clay form (Ae), respectively in natural soil (Figure 2) and in soil disinfected (Figure 3).
- Figures 4 and 5 show the evolution of the number of healthy flax plants (on the ordinate) as a function of the number of days (on the abscissa) respectively in natural soil ( Figure 4) and in disinfected soil (Figure 5) treated with different formulations microorganisms.
- EXAMPLE 1 Microqranules inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum.
- particle size fairly fine and homogeneous, between 0.2 and 0.8 mm,
- K based on cristoballite
- M formed of calcined montmorillonite
- Table 1 gives the essential characteristics of these microgranules.
- They are essentially formed from a carbon source, a nitrogen source, and mineral elements.
- the products selected for enrichment are dissolved in water.
- the volume should not be excessive, so as to be absorbed entirely by the porosity of the microgranules. But it must be high enough to, on the one hand lead to complete dissolution of the products, on the other hand allow homogenization of the mixture with the microgranules before its complete absorption.
- the concentrations used for the experiments vary from 16 to 96g of organic matter (expressed as organic carbon), per kg of dry microgranules.
- the retained products are added to the enrichment solution, before their incorporation into the microgranules.
- the inoculum, peat or liquid is a commercial product ("Biodoz", from the company LIPHA).
- the inocolum of the resistant G49 strain (G49RfKm) is produced in the laboratory.
- a flask containing a liquid culture medium, based on malt extract, is sterile inoculated from an agar tube containing the strain. It is then placed on a stirring table (200 rpm) at 28oC for 6 to 7 days. The culture obtained then constitutes the liquid inoculum used, which can be stored for several months at 4oC.
- peat inoculum For the production of peat inoculum, one starts from a sterile peat of the same origin as that of the commercial inoculum. 12 ml of liquid inoculum are added to a bottle containing 30 g of this product, at 12% humidity. After homogenization and maturation for 2 to 3 weeks at room temperature, a product is obtained which has substantially the same properties as commercial peat: humidity of 55-60%, richness of the order of 10 9 seeds per gram of peat.
- a proportion corresponding to that of inoculation in the field was chosen, ie 4% of pure inoculum relative to the microgranules.
- the microgranules are first moistened to the desired level. Then, each batch is inoculated with 1 to 1.3 g of inoculum, the whole being homogenized, then used in the following minutes.
- the microgranules When used with a liquid inoculum, the microgranules, dry at the start, receive an inoculum previously diluted so as to simultaneously provide 1 ml of a pure inoculum for 25 g of microgranules, but also the amount of water necessary to be at the desired humidity (7.5 ml for K and 3.25 ml for M in most experiments). After stirring for homogenization, the microgranules are used quickly.
- the flasks are then shaken manually so as to distribute the microgranules throughout the volume of soil.
- the inoculated vials are incubated by closing them with a plastic film, intended to prevent water loss while allowing respiratory exchanges. They are then placed in the dark, generally at 20 ° C, but also at 15 ° C or 28o C for some tests.
- the counts are made on the whole of a bottle after several days of incubation.
- the main measures consist in counting populations of B. japonicum capable of forming colonies on petri dishes containing an agar culture medium. These counts are made at several stages of inoculation:
- the products to be counted for their richness in B. japonicum are introduced into 100 ml of an extraction solution and placed on a stirring table (200 rpm) for 30 minutes.
- a device In the absence of soil, a device (Spiral System) deposits a known volume of the suspension on the agar medium of a Petri dish. This is then incubated at 28o C, then the colonies present are counted at 5 or 6 days, hence a count in cfu (units forming a colony). A calculation from the dilutions used makes it possible to determine the richness of the product to be analyzed.
- the previous device In the presence of soil, the previous device is unusable, and the counts are made by the method called "double layer".
- a small volume, 0.1 or 0.2 ml, of a suspension to be counted is introduced into a hemolysis tube containing 3 ml of 0.7% agarized solution by supercooling (43o C). After homogenization, this mixture is spread on a Petri dish containing the agar culture medium, as well as the antibiotics and fungicides to which the G49RfKm strain is resistant.
- the colonies present on the dishes are counted, the dilutions being made so as to count between 30 and 300 colonies per dish.
- the tests set up on the soils described above are devices with 4 complete blocks.
- Sowing is carried out at the end of April-beginning of May, the objective being to provide 600,000 seeds per hectare (Maple Arrow variety) inoculated at the agronomic dose, or 10 kg of microgranules per hectare, in lines spaced 30 cm apart. These are enriched and inoculated under the same conditions as for laboratory work, in batches of 1 kg, inoculation taking place in the field a few minutes before sowing.
- Irrigation is carried out during the season, depending on the needs of the crop.
- FIG. 1 summarizes the results obtained during laboratory tests, comparing enriched (E) or unenriched (M) microgranules, inoculated with a liquid inocolum and incubated in non-sterilized soil, kept moist (H) or subjected to desiccation (S). Number of B. japonicum germs recovered after inoculation in liquid on microgranules and introduction into the soil, as a function of time and according to the drying of the soil during incubation.
- the enriched microgranules maintain the number of B. japonicum at a level 10 times higher than that obtained with non-enriched microgranules when the soil is kept moist and at a level more than 100 times higher when the soil dries out.
- Tables 3 to 7 summarize the results obtained during field trials. For each table, the data in the same column followed by the same letter are not statistically different at the 5% threshold according to the Newman and Keuls test.
- Tables 3 and 4 show the first results obtained during field trials in 1988 and 1989 respectively. They show a significant effect of enrichment on nodulation.
- Tables 5, 6 and 7 relate to tests carried out in 1990 and 1991 with various treatment conditions, as indicated at the bottom of each table.
- the treatments corresponding to the invention are treatments 3, 6, 8, 10.
- treatment 2 we can see an increase in the number of nodules per plant at stage V3, general for all treatments, compared to the non-enriched microgranular control (treatment 2). This increase is significant only for treatments 6 and 10. Similarly, an increase in the nitrogen level of the seeds is obtained for treatments 3, 6, 8, 10, significant only for treatments 8 and 10.
- treatments 2, 6, 9 and 10 correspond to the invention (enriched microgranules inoculated with peat inoculum (2 and 6), or with liquid inoculum (9 and 10)).
- EXAMPLE 2 Microqranules inoculated with Fusarium or Pseudomonas.
- vascular fusarium wilt, tracheomycosis due to pathogenic forms of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum is one of the most problematic because there is no chemical control method to date. specific.
- biological control calling on competition between a non-pathogenic form and the specific pathogenic form of the same species of Fusarium oxysporum gives satisfactory results under the conditions of culture under greenhouse, either in artificial substrate, or in disinfected soil.
- the principle consists in introducing the non-pathogenic inoculum into the substrate at the time of sowing or transplanting.
- the antagonistic effect of non-pathogenic strains of F. oxysporum can be increased if one co-inoculates certain fluorescent bacteria belonging to the genus Pseudomonas.
- the purpose of the experiments in this example is to test an original formulation method which consists in giving a competitive advantage to the inoculum by incorporating a source of nutrients in the formulation support.
- Population dynamics of bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas Sp. Were measured in both natural and disinfected soil.
- the activity of the inoculated microorganisms has also been tested in greenhouse biotests using the host plant-pathogen flax F.oxysporum f.sp. United.
- Fusarium oxysporum strain Fo47B10 spontaneous mutant resistant to benomyl of the strain Fo47 used in biological control (collection number CNCM I-1363).
- Fluorescent pseudomonas strain C7R12 spontaneous mutant resistant to rifampycin from the C7 layer used in biological control (collection number CNCM I-1361). Flax Linum usitatissimum, Opaline variety, susceptible to fusarium wilt.
- Silty clay soil sampled in the Dijon region air dried and sieved to 2mm. (composition: sand 15%, silt 47%, clay 35%, C 1.2%, CaCO 3 0%, pH 6.9).
- the soil is distributed in aluminum containers at the rate of 140 g of dry soil / container.
- the disinfected soil was autoclaved 3 times 1 hour at 120oC 24 hours apart.
- the soil humidity is adjusted to pF3 (20% dry soil) during inoculation.
- the mushrooms are cultivated 5 days on liquid malt medium stirred at 25oC (Difco malt 10g, demineralized water 1000 ml).
- the culture is then filtered to remove the mycelium.
- the spores contained in the filtrate are washed 3 times with sterile water by centrifugation 20 min, 4000 g.
- the inoculum of the non-pathogenic Fusarium strain Fo47B10 is prepared in the form of a liquid inoculum (suspension of spores in sterile water).
- the inoculum of the pathogenic Fusarium Foln3 strain is prepared in the form of a talc formulation: the final pellet is taken up in a minimum volume of water (approximately 20% of the initial volume of the culture) and is incorporated into virgin talc (1 pellet volume -2 volumes of talc). The mixture is left to dry for 48 hours in a ventilated oven at 20oC. The talc is then sprayed and sieved to 200 ⁇ m. It is stored at 4oC. Its title is measured before any use. The inoculated talc is optionally diluted in virgin talc when low inoculum densities are required.
- the clay is enriched with glycerol as a carbon source at the rate of 120 g of glycerol / kg of clay.
- the bacteria produced on King B solid medium Peptone Difco 20g, glycerin 12.6g, K 2 HPO 4 1.3g, MgSO 4 7H 2 O 1.5g, Agar 15g, distilled water 1000 ml) are recovered in sterile water and washed 3 times by centrifugation (20 min, 4000g). They are incorporated into the clay at the time of their introduction into the soil.
- the controls are produced by direct inoculation of the suspension of bacteria washed in a volume making it possible to adjust the humidity to the value of pF3.
- Each container constitutes an experimental unit.
- 3 experimental units constituting 3 independent repetitions are performed for a given treatment.
- the containers incubate at 25oC. Population dynamics are monitored for 20 to 30 days.
- the fungal counts are carried out by incorporating 1 ml of the suspension at the dilution level considered in malt agar + benomyl medium in supercooling (malt 10g, agar 15g, citric acid after autoclaving 250 mg, Benomyl after autoclaving 10 mg in benlate form 50% active ingredient, water demineralized 1000 ml). 5 boxes per dilution level are seeded.
- the bacterial counts are carried out by spreading with 100 ⁇ l beads of the suspension at the dilution level considered on King B agar medium supplemented with 75 mg / 1 of rifampycin. Three dishes per dilution level are seeded.
- the dishes are incubated at 25 ° C and are read after 24 hours for bacteria and 48 to 72 hours for fungi.
- the principle of the biotests consists in introducing into the soil containing either the Fusarium Fo47B10 strain, or the Pseudomonas C7R12 strain or both, a Fusarium oxysporum pathogenic strain of flax, the Foln3 strain is to cultivate flax on this soil.
- the antagonistic activity of Fo47B10 and C7R12 is measured relative to the number of healthy plants remaining.
- 3g of talc providing 10 propagules of Foln3 / g of soil are mixed with the soil of each container (mixture produced with Turbula type T2C, 20 ').
- the strain Fo47B10 is brought in the form of a suspension of spores after the incorporation of the clay inoculated by Pseudomonas, in a volume which makes it possible to adjust the humidity to the value of pF3.
- the theoretical inoculum densities are 10 5 , 10 4 and 10 7 CFU / g of dry soil for respectively
- the clay, enriched clay and liquid formulations are coded A, Ae, and L respectively in the text and in the figures.
- the soil is then distributed in the 12 wells of a row of a polystyrene plate comprising 20 rows.
- the volume of a well is approximately 10 ml.
- the plates are placed in an air-conditioned room under the following conditions: photoperiod 3 pm to 9 am, light intensity 13,000 lux, humidity 80% at night and 60% during the day, temperature 15 ° C at night and 17 ° C during the day for 15 days then 20oC at night and 26 ° C during the day for the remaining 8 weeks. Watering is carried out twice a day with tap water and once a week with nutritive solution.
- Notation are made every three days from the 3rd week after the date of installation of the biotest in an air-conditioned room. Plants showing symptoms of Fusarium wilt are cut (isolation is performed for verification) and the number of healthy plants remaining is recorded and expressed as a percentage relative to the initial number of plants.
- the inoculum supplied is in theory 10 7 bacteria / g of dry soil.
- the liquid inoculum allows immediate germ recovery of 70%, and the Pseudomonas populations remain at a density close to the initial value, namely 3.2 10 7 .
- Inocolum A allows immediate germ recovery of 1.3% and stabilizes in the soil at this level.
- the inoculum Ae authorizes an immediate recovery of the germs of 0.02%, the population inoculated according to this formulation goes from 1.3 10 5 to 8.5 10 in 4 days and stabilizes at a level higher than the population obtained with the liquid inoculum.
- the recovery percentage varies with the type of formulation. It is 42% for the liquid formulation against 0.6% for the Ae formulation. In all cases, the density of the Pseudomonas population increases sharply. The plateaus reached by treatments L and A are close to and close to 10 ° by excess. This plateau is higher in the case of the Ae treatment where the density reached is greater than 10 9 (2.3 10 9 ) bacteria / g dry soil.
- the Fo47B10 strain only delays the onset of symptoms, but in a proportion less than that observed in the case of natural soil. Co-inoculation with Pseudomonas formulated A increases this delay. The greatest efficiency is however obtained with the formulation Ae.
- Number of M. S. of Number of M. S. of M. S. to R4 nodules nodos nodosities nodosities of the parts by plant by plant by plant by plant aerial to V3 to V3 to R4 to R4 in g by
- M Microgranules marketed by AGC, Microbiodivision (Rothamsted Herts,
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002144739A CA2144739A1 (fr) | 1992-09-18 | 1993-09-17 | Microgranules utilisables en combinaison avec des inoculums bacteriens, leur obtention et leur application en agriculture |
EP93920897A EP0662934A1 (fr) | 1992-09-18 | 1993-09-17 | Microgranules utilisables en combinaison avec des inoculums bacteriens, leur obtention et leur application en agriculture |
AU48230/93A AU4823093A (en) | 1992-09-18 | 1993-09-17 | Microgranulated products usable in combination with bacterial inoculums, method for obtaining them and application to agriculture |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR92/11182 | 1992-09-18 | ||
FR9211182A FR2695929B1 (fr) | 1992-09-18 | 1992-09-18 | Microgranulés enrichis, utilisables en combinaison avec des inoculums microbiens, leur obtention et leur application en agriculture. |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO1994006733A1 true WO1994006733A1 (fr) | 1994-03-31 |
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PCT/FR1993/000901 WO1994006733A1 (fr) | 1992-09-18 | 1993-09-17 | Microgranules utilisables en combinaison avec des inoculums bacteriens, leur obtention et leur application en agriculture |
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EP (1) | EP0662934A1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU4823093A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2144739A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2695929B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1994006733A1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA936878B (fr) |
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EP3003049A4 (fr) * | 2013-05-31 | 2016-12-07 | Novozymes Bio Ag As | Compositions et procédés pour l'activation de la germination |
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---|---|---|---|---|
AT258U1 (de) * | 1994-07-04 | 1995-06-26 | Karner Robert | Duengemittelgranulat mit stickstoffbindenden bakterien |
CZ292347B6 (cs) * | 1999-04-27 | 2003-09-17 | Lovochemie, A. S. | Průmyslové hnojivo zajišťující současně výživu i ochranu rostlin |
FR2901787B1 (fr) * | 2006-06-01 | 2008-08-15 | Sarl France Champagne Approvisionnement | Engrais ou amendement engrais incorporant des microorganismes vivants |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0203708A1 (fr) * | 1985-04-25 | 1986-12-03 | Agracetus | Inoculums bactériens pour l'agriculture |
EP0295968A1 (fr) * | 1987-02-27 | 1988-12-21 | Lipha, Lyonnaise Industrielle Pharmaceutique | Engrais contenant des microorganismes et leurs procédés de fabrication |
US5055293A (en) * | 1988-03-09 | 1991-10-08 | Purdue Research Foundation | Biological pesticide |
EP0479402A2 (fr) * | 1990-10-04 | 1992-04-08 | Ryusuke Iijima | Engrais |
-
1992
- 1992-09-18 FR FR9211182A patent/FR2695929B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-09-17 EP EP93920897A patent/EP0662934A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-09-17 ZA ZA936878A patent/ZA936878B/xx unknown
- 1993-09-17 CA CA002144739A patent/CA2144739A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1993-09-17 AU AU48230/93A patent/AU4823093A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-09-17 WO PCT/FR1993/000901 patent/WO1994006733A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0203708A1 (fr) * | 1985-04-25 | 1986-12-03 | Agracetus | Inoculums bactériens pour l'agriculture |
EP0295968A1 (fr) * | 1987-02-27 | 1988-12-21 | Lipha, Lyonnaise Industrielle Pharmaceutique | Engrais contenant des microorganismes et leurs procédés de fabrication |
US5055293A (en) * | 1988-03-09 | 1991-10-08 | Purdue Research Foundation | Biological pesticide |
EP0479402A2 (fr) * | 1990-10-04 | 1992-04-08 | Ryusuke Iijima | Engrais |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3003049A4 (fr) * | 2013-05-31 | 2016-12-07 | Novozymes Bio Ag As | Compositions et procédés pour l'activation de la germination |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ZA936878B (en) | 1994-03-21 |
FR2695929B1 (fr) | 1994-12-09 |
CA2144739A1 (fr) | 1994-03-31 |
EP0662934A1 (fr) | 1995-07-19 |
FR2695929A1 (fr) | 1994-03-25 |
AU4823093A (en) | 1994-04-12 |
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