Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
  • C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
  • C11B3/02—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction
  • C11B3/04—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction with acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
  • C11B13/00—Recovery of fats, fatty oils or fatty acids from waste materials
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
  • Y02W30/74—Recovery of fats, fatty oils, fatty acids or other fatty substances, e.g. lanolin or waxes

Definitions

• the invention relates to a process for the chemical cleaning of natural oils and fats.
• the crude oil or crude fat is mixed with acid and water at elevated temperature and allowed to react so that the impurities pass into the aqueous phase.
• the mixture is then separated into purified oil and acid water.
• phosphatides phospholipids
• proteins proteins
• protein fragments and other slimy substances.
• the process for the removal of phosphatides, mucilages and other complex colloidal compounds, also called dewaxing, is carried out by hydration, a treatment with water.
• the phosphatides and mucilages absorb water, swell and become insoluble in the oil. They can be extracted in the oil mills upstream of chemical oil cleaning with the addition of water in colloidal form (micelles). After the oil has been mixed with water at elevated temperature and a contact time of a few minutes to half an hour, the "phosphatide sludge" is separated off by centrifugation.
• the calcium and magnesium salts of the phosphatidic acids are less hydrophilic. They are called non-hydratable phosphatides.
• the hydratable phosphatides obtained are emulsifiers, so that relatively large amounts of fats and oils are discharged along with the salts with the water phase. A small amount of fat splitting has to be accepted for chemical cleaning with acid.
• the resulting glycerin is discharged with the water phase, the water-insoluble fatty acids remain in the fat phase.
• a disadvantage of this known method is the loss of oil emulsified in the water phase and the high outlay for disposing of the water phase.
• a process for refining edible oil in which a solution of the oil in an organic solvent is subjected to ultrafiltration and the per eat is freed from solvent by distillation (fats, soaps, paints, year 88 (1986 ) Pp. 79 - 86).
• the invention is therefore based on the object of carrying out the method of the type mentioned in such a way that, on the one hand, the oil and fat components emulsified in the water phase can be recovered and, on the other hand, the waste water obtained is avoided as far as possible, but is at least greatly reduced.
• the acid water is concentrated by means of ultrafiltration and the permeate is returned to the first process stage, in which the crude oil or crude fat is mixed with acid and water.
• the concentrate can be used as a starting material for the production of other products. It is also proposed that the acid water be de-oiled, in particular by centrifuging, before the ultrafiltration.
• part of the permeate is returned to the first process step, the mixing of the oils and fats with acid and water, and the other part is fed to a second cleaning step for the pre-cleaned oil. From this cleaning stage, the water separated off there is fed to the water phase separated off in the first cleaning stage.
• the process according to the invention is particularly suitable for continuous implementation.
• the concentrate obtained from the ultrafiltration is neutralized and evaporated. It can then be processed as mixed operating fat or burned without residue.
• Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a plant for performing the method according to the invention.
• Sulfuric acid 2 and the water 3 obtained as permeate from the ultrafiltration are placed in a heated mixing container 4 and then together held with crude oil 1 in a dwell 5 until completion of the hydration.
• the oil lines are marked in FIG. 1 by thick lines.
• pre-cleaned oil 7, oil-containing acid water 8 and sludge 9 are separated from one another in the peeling centrifuge 6. The sludge 9 is fed to the combustion.
• the oil-containing acid water collected in the container 10 is separated in a water separator 11 into an oil phase 12, a water phase 13 and a sludge-like residue 14.
• Acidic water enriched with glycerin can be branched off from the water phase 13 via a bypass 15.
• the pre-cleaned oil collected in a container 16 is finally passed to a second cleaning stage with 3 oil separators 17, where the pre-cleaned oil is mixed together with permeat from ultrafiltration and again in oil, water phase and residue by centrifugation fugieren is separated.
• the cleaned oil is finally collected in a container 18.
• the acid water separated from the water separator 11 flows through an ultrafiltration module 19.
• the concentrate 20 is discharged and the permeate is split into two streams 21, 22.
• Permeate stream 21 is discharged into the mixing tank 4, permeate stream 22 as purified wastewater.
• part of the concentrate can also be conducted back to the input of the module 19 by means of a pump connected in parallel with the ultrafiltration module 19 and thus continuously circulated.
• the acid water containing glycerin is stabilized by the phosphatides, which act as emulsifiers.
• Part of the fat phase is creaming, but the lower phase remains cloudy.
• the emulsion is not completely split by acid addition.
• COD glycerin fat weight (mg / 1) (mg / 1) (mg / 1) (kg)

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=6461702

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (1)

Citations (4)

• 1992
  • 1992-06-24 DE DE19924220639 patent/DE4220639A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1993
  • 1993-06-15 WO PCT/EP1993/001514 patent/WO1994000542A1/de active Application Filing

Patent Citations (4)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events