WO1992020570A1

WO1992020570A1 - Convertible freighter

Info

Publication number: WO1992020570A1
Application number: PCT/DE1992/000333
Authority: WO
Inventors: Boje Haalck; Horst Burchert; Peter Jensen; Rolf MÜNCH
Original assignee: Kvaerner Warnow Werft Gmbh
Priority date: 1991-05-21
Filing date: 1992-04-25
Publication date: 1992-11-26
Also published as: DE4116909C2; ES2050640T1; EP0584102A1; DE4116909A1; AU1981592A

Abstract

The invention relates to a convertible freighter, the cargo space of which can be adapted to the cargo to be carried, which can be converted from a vessel with usual moulded depth to a vessel with raised moulded depth and thus helps reduce tonnage costs. According to the invention, the hatch covers in the vertical open position together with the external longitudinal walls of the superstructure (crossbeams) between the cargo spaces form an outer limit (outer skin) of the ship which is extended upwards. With the hatch covers open, the vessel has a great moulded depth or is a ship without hatch covers. In addition, according to the invention, the hatch covers can take the form of a folding type pair which can be stowed against one of the longitudinal sides of the vessel so that the ship has a great moulded depth on one side only.

Description

Convertible cargo ship

The invention relates to a convertible cargo ship with a large degree of deck opening, the hatch openings of which can be opened and closed with cross hatch covers, and with crossbars arranged between the hatch openings and extending over the weather deck, preferably from board to board.

Cargo ships are known, the hatch openings of which are closed with hatch covers which open in the transversal direction, the cargo being able to be transported in the hold and on the hatch covers. Furthermore, so-called hatchless ships with a large side height are known, in which the cargo can be completely accommodated in the protective loading space. Both types of ships have specific advantages and disadvantages. B. have been presented in great detail in "Schiff & Hafen / Seewirtschaft" issue 2/91 pages 35 - 38. According to the z. Current regulations mean that ships with high side walls also require large survey values, which lead to high port and sewer charges. In addition, such ships cause higher construction costs and masses than ships with normal side height. One has already wanted to avoid the disadvantage of the high surveying costs for ships with a large side height by providing openings (so-called water gates) along the side wall in the outer skin. However, this leaves the cargo exposed to the influence of sea water and makes the necessary bilge system considerably more expensive. On the other hand, the so-called hatchless cargo ships have the advantage that the handling costs can be reduced because no hatch cover movements have to take place and because in a container ship all containers can be stowed in guideways without additional effort. This advantage of hatchless ships is, however, reduced in part by the fact that long crane clearances are necessary during loading and unloading, especially in the lower cargo area, because of the high side height. It is now the object of the invention to propose a convertible cargo ship which eliminates or reduces the disadvantages of the two types of cargo ship and which can advantageously be adapted to the cargo offer. The cargo ship is supposed to

sheet be convertible by the loading space, namely from a ship with a normal side height to a ship with a high side height and thus offer the possibility of alternating loading variants and a reduced measurement in comparison to other high-sided ships.

According to the invention this object is achieved in that the hatch covers which open in the transept direction together with the outer walls (longitudinal walls) of the crossbars which are between the holds and which extend beyond the level of the weather deck form an upward-extending outer ship boundary (outer skin) in the vertical opening position, so that at open hatch covers a ship with a larger side height or hatchless ship is created because the opened hatch covers have taken on the protective function of the outer skin.

Depending on the cargo offer, the ship can be driven with some open and some closed hatches. The upward-facing end faces of the opened hatch covers and the upper deck of the crossbars preferably form one level and, if necessary, allow the installation of light rain covers. For this purpose, running rails are arranged on the end faces mentioned. The end faces are part of a box girder that delimits the hatch covers. The hatch cover is preferably given an L-shaped cross section by the box girder. One leg can either protrude upwards and / or downwards over a hatch cover side. The top of the hatch covers in the closed position, which corresponds to the outside of the ship in the open position, forms a vertical surface with the rest of the outer skin and with the outside of the crossbars. The outer surfaces can also be offset from one another. For example, the outer skin and the overlying outer side of the crossbars can be arranged in a vertical plane and the outer side of the opened hatch covers can be offset inwards, thereby creating an operational aisle on the side. The crossbars have vertical sealing edges, to which known seals are attached, against which the hatch cover with a suitable sealing profile In addition, locking elements are arranged in the cross bolt, with the aid of which a non-positive, watertight and secure formwork of the hatch covers can be installed. Another seal is located on the weather deck reinforced as hatch fill, on which the hatch covers are hingedly attached near the side of the board, so that water resistance can also be guaranteed here. The drive, opening and closing, the hatch cover is either hydraulic - using a working cylinder - or using a cable. The already mentioned disadvantage of long crane games when loading and unloading high-sided ships is countered according to the invention in that the hatch covers in the closed position in the region of their abutting end faces (box girders) can be connected in an articulated manner on the underside of the hatch cover, whereby a pair of hatch cover folds is formed, which is required can be erected either on the starboard side or on the starboard side, which opens the hatch and on the one facing the quay

On the ship side, a low height is created. For this it is necessary before the folding process that the hatch cover to be folded (to be pulled) is released from its joints and from the drive on the weather deck. Appropriate guide wheels on the hatch covers ensure that the hatch cover to be folded runs properly.

When loading the lower hold of the ship, the hatch covers can first be stowed as a folding cover on the side of the ship away from the quay, in order to achieve short transport routes for loading. Then the hatch covers are closed, their hinge connections are released, the hinge and drive connections of the hatch cover on the weather deck are restored so that both hatch covers can be opened again to the outside or raised and to continue loading the upper cargo area. The same procedure can be followed when unloading the ship.

In the ships known to date, it was necessary to provide a correspondingly large space for stowing the hatch covers between the hatches arranged one behind the other, as a result of which the effectively available loading space was restricted or the length of the ship had to be increased. This disadvantage will weakened by the invention, because the structures referred to as crossbars above the weather deck can be made very narrow. Since the hatch covers have certain functions described above in both positions, they do not require a so-called dead space.

The invention is explained below in an exemplary embodiment with reference to 7 figures. To show:

Fig. 1: Perspective view of the hull with closed and open hatch covers Fig. 2: Cross section of the ship with the hatch cover closed (position A)

Fig. 3: Cross section of the ship with the hatch cover open (position B)

Fig. 4: Representation of the hinge linkage, the seal and the drive in position A.

Fig. 5: Representation of the seal and locking at

Position B on the crossbar

Fig. 6: Illustration of the seal between the hatch covers and hinges

Fig. 7: Cross section of the ship with hatch covers folded on one side

Fig. 1 shows the basic principle of the invention, which is why disturbing details have been omitted.

On a trough-shaped ship hull 1 so-called crossbars 3 are built above the weather deck 6 between the hatch openings at a distance that determines the length of the loading space. They contain the bulkheads 5 and at the same time serve as a guide and stop element for the hatch covers 2a, 2b. The hatch covers 2a, 2b are transverse and are hinged 7 to the weather deck 6 of the hull 1.

In order to clarify the principle of the invention in particular, FIG. 1 shows 3 positions of the hatch cover at the same time:

Closed hatch cover 2a, open hatch cover 2b and a hatch cover in the half-open state. The hatch covers 2 are slightly offset inwards so that an operating aisle 27 is formed on the side.

Fig. 2 shows that in position A a seal of the lower cargo space is created by the closed hatch cover 2a, so that the measurement values are only calculated up to the height of the weather deck 6.

Fig. 3 shows that in position B the cargo space is enlarged up to the upper edge of the transverse deck strip 3 (crossbars) and the hatch covers 2b are sealed in the extension of the outer skin with an offset inwards on the crossbars 3.

In the latter case, the measurement values are calculated up to the upper edge of the transverse deck strip 3.

4 shows the articulation of the hatch cover 2, the seal 10a, 10b and the drive. With the help of the drive, shown here by means of hydraulic cylinder 9, the hatch cover 2a, 2b can be brought from position A to position B. In position A, a seal against ingress of sea water is achieved via the deck seal 10a to the double casing 8. When the hatch cover 2a is pivoted into the position of the cover 2b by 90, this rotates around the

Hinges 7, which are arranged several times along the hatch cover 2 (see also Fig. 1).

In the vertical position of the hatch cover 2b, the deck seal 10b again seals against incoming sea water. In addition, a seal is achieved perpendicular to the hatch cover edges by the hatch cover 2 b striking against the outer seal 11, which is arranged on the crossbar 3.

5 shows the interlocking of the hatch cover 2b, which is set up vertically, with the transverse deck strip (crossbar) 3 by means of latches 13, which are arranged several times over the height and connected to one another via a push rod 19. These latches 13 are opened in FIG the locking pockets 12 are retracted into the crossbar 3 and press the cover 2b against the outer seal 11. These latches 13 thus take over the transmission of the forces which arise from the internal charge pressure and also from the external sea impact result and are adapted to these functions in their dimensioning and execution.

Fig. 5 shows the seal 17, 18 between the two hatch covers 2a in position A and the articulation by means of folding hinges 14 and tie bolts 15 to form a pair of folds. In addition, the rails 26 can be seen for a light rain cover when hatch covers 2b are raised.

In Fig. 7, the two hatch cover longitudinal members (box girder) 4 are articulated, the dimensioning of which depends on the span of the hatch cover 2 and the hatch cover load.

This figure also shows the principle of the pair of lid folds which is stowed on the right-hand side of the ship when the hatch is open.

Both hatch cover halves 2 are provided with several hinges 14 under the hatch cover longitudinal members 4. Depending on the type of hatch opening, it is possible to provide these hinges 14 with and without draw bolts 15. The bolts 15 can be inserted or pulled into the hinges 14 by means of a mechanical operation, not shown. At the same time, the hinge bolts of the cover hinges 7 and the working cylinders 9 (FIG. 4) must be released from the hatch cover 2a.

The guide wheels 20 then ensure that the lid to be pulled runs in parallel until the folding process is completed. After opening the hatch there is the possibility of loading / unloading the hold either from Bb or Stb over the lower side height of ship 1.

S shows another articulation of the drive of the hatch cover and the seal 10, 11 adapted to this articulation in both hatch cover divisions 2a, 2b. List of the reference symbols used

1 hull

2 hatch covers (a closed, b open)

3 cross deck strips (cross bars)

4 hatch cover longitudinal beams (box beams)

5 bulkhead

6 weather deck

7 lid hinge

8 double shell

9 working cylinders

10 deck seal (a lower edge of the lid; b front)

11 outer seal

12 locking pocket

13 bars

14 folding hinge

15 draw bolts on the folding hinge

16 guideway

17 Sealing rubber on the box girder

18 sealing surface on the box girder

19 Push rod for locking

20 guide wheel

21 underside hatch cover

22 Top hatch cover

23 outer skin (bottom)

24 Outside (long side) cross bar

25 sealing edge

26 track

27 operating gear

Claims

1. Convertible cargo ship with a large degree of deck opening, the hatch openings of which are opened or closed with hatch covers that can be opened in the transept direction, and with crossbars arranged between the hatch openings and reaching over the weather deck, preferably from board to board, characterized in that the hatch covers (2) in the vertical open position (2b) together with the outer longitudinal walls (24) of the crossbars (3) standing between the holds form an upward-extending outer boundary (outer skin 23, 24) of the ship, so that a ship with the hatch covers (2b) open large side height, in particular hatch-free ship.

2. convertible cargo ship according to claim 1, characterized in that the hatch covers (2a) in the closed position in the area of their abutting and closing box girders (4) are articulated (14, 15) and that after releasing the articulated connection (7 ) and the drive (9) of a hatch cover (2) from the weather deck (6) a hatch cover folding pair can be formed, which is stowable on one side of the ship, so that when the hatch is open, a ship with a large side height is created on only one side of the ship.

3. Convertible cargo ship according to claim 1, characterized in that the erected hatch covers (2b) or their closing box girder (4) with the upper deck of the crossbars (3) preferably form a plane.

4. convertible cargo ship according to claim 1, characterized in that the top (22) of the hatch cover (2b; in the open position with the rest of the outer skin (23) and the long side of the crossbar (24) form a vertical plane.

5. Convertible cargo ship according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer skin thus formed over the weather deck (6) to the underlying outer skin (23) and a side aisle (27) is provided.

6. Convertible cargo ship according to claim 1, characterized in that the erected hatch cover (2b) against vertical sealing edges (25) with seals (11) of the crossbars (3) and on the weather deck (6) a seal (10b) in this hatch cover division (2b) takes place.

7. Convertible cargo ship according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the erected hatch cover (2b) in the crossbar (3) by means of locking elements (13, 19) can be locked.

8. Convertible cargo ship according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the hatch covers (2) are formed at their upper or inner limits as a box girder (4) which projects beyond one / both hatch cover side (s) (22, 21) and which Sealing elements (17, 18) and possibly a running rail for arranging a light rain cover in the open position.