EP0795464B1 - Safety system for ferry boats, specially of the ro-ro type - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a security system for ferries, such as ro / ro ships according to the preamble of claim 1.

ESTONIA"-Katastrophe wurde in der Zeitschrift Schiff + Hafen" 6/95 zur Gewährleistung der Wasserdichtigkeit der Bugpforten Bugkontrolltore vorgeschlagen. Ein zweiteiliges Tor ist an der Bugpforte installiert. Vor dem Schwenkvorgang wird eine äußere Sektion des Tores teleskopartig in einen größeren, anscharnierten Teil des Tores hineingezogen. Nach dem Schwenkvorgang - und zwar quer zur Längsachse des Schiffes - wird die äußere Sektion ausgefahren und dichtet gegen das Längsschott ab. Diese Lösung bietet sich für die Sicherung von Bugpforten an, da nur dort genügend Freiraum für den Schwenkvorgang vorliegt. Eine sektionsweise Anordnung zwischen den Bugpforten im Fahrzeugdeck scheidet aufgrund Platzmangels aus, außerdem ist das zweiteilige Tor schwer und teuer.Due to the

ESTONIA disaster was published in the magazine Schiff + Hafen "6/95 to ensure the watertightness of the bow gates Bow control gates proposed. A two-part gate is installed at the bow gate. Before the pivoting process, an outer section of the gate is telescopically pulled into a larger, hinged part of the gate. After the pivoting process - and Although this is transverse to the longitudinal axis of the ship, the outer section is extended and seals against the longitudinal bulkhead. This solution lends itself to securing bow ports, since only there is enough space for the swiveling process Due to lack of space, the two-part goal is difficult and expensive.

The object of the invention is to provide a security system for ferries, such as ro / ro ships, to create with a vehicle deck that is universal in the area of the vehicle deck can be used and the normal function of the Ferry barely affected. With the security system activated the ingress of water should be sealed off safely and quickly, so that the Ferry remains maneuverable.

The invention solves this problem according to the characterizing features of Claim 1.

Advantageous developments of the invention can be found in the subclaims.

Regardless of whether the water penetrates through a bow gate or because of a Accident laterally, the invention ensures that due to the grid The safety system to be arranged in the vehicle deck has the local water ingress is limited.

The safety system can be used as a longitudinal bulkhead as well as a transverse bulkhead become.

The universal applicability of the security system also meets the requirements a protection for the bow gate against penetrating water.

The safety system can therefore be used in a variety of ways, is easy to use and reliable. It ensures that the ship is maneuverable despite the ingress of water remains, so that on the one hand the passengers in the event of a disembarkation the ship can leave without haste and on the other - with less damage - the damaged ship reaches the next port for repair.

No special training is required to assemble the security system; this can also be done by untrained personnel.

When the security system is not in use, the normal function of the Ship or not or only slightly affected. Especially when it comes to vehicle decks the security system in a space-saving manner in that due to the Wheelbases of the vehicles the security system between the wheelbases or is placed between vehicles. This means there is no loss of cargo space due to prescribed, non-verifiable security zones.

The security system is inexpensive to buy and maintain. There are no additional costs. The security system also provides no additional risk regarding toxicity of the gas set or the reaction products because the propellant either remains in the closed system or that Gas - according to established systems - has no toxicity. Furthermore, that is Security system environmentally compatible.

The inflated sack is provided with appropriate equipment and devices protected against tipping - with water pressing on one side - and with the side walls or longitudinal or transverse bulkheads can be connected. This is a water ingress can be safely and permanently sealed off.

The inflatable sack including the gas generator and the one integrated in the sack Latticework can be easily accommodated in a packing box and therefore easy to handle. Ensure the weight and the external dimensions of the packing box manual transport and simple assembly via snap or Screw caps. These closures ensure - as required - the secure Connection with the ship and / or several packing boxes with each other.

In order to be able to run over the packing box better in ro / ro operation, both are Longitudinal ramps arranged. When driving over the packing box the cover through the housing of the gas generator and through the packed gas bag supported.

The shape of a box-shaped is best suited for use as a bulkhead for the inflatable sack Air mattress ". Due to the relatively low load on the fabric of the air mattress, polyester and rubber are suitable. Rubber is biodegradable and therefore environmentally friendly.

A Root bending moment "of the inflated bag when partitioning ingress of water is avoided in a simple manner by mechanically supporting the gas bag. Either by means of a scissor grid integrated in the gas bag or by roller shutters or drop grids that can be lowered from the ceiling of the driving deck. The latter support the Longitudinal sides of the inflated sack The roller shutters or drop grids are easily guided through ropes or rails on the ship.

When a packing box is activated, a predetermined breaking point is opened between two Lid halves due to gas pressure in the inflating sack destroyed. The hinged lid halves lock in the already lowered Roller shutters or grilles via interlocks attached to the cover halves. Possibly the roller shutter or grille can then be tensioned. The inflated sack absorbs shocks. The folded-up lid halves protect against parts moving on the ground and endangering the sack.

This gives you flexible, waterproof bulkheads. The flexibility allows one lightweight construction that does not or hardly has the Ro / Ro properties of a ship influence.

The modular structure leads to optimal use of the material, minimal Decision-making risk for the captain on the issue of triggering the security system and for constant and complete operational readiness. The dismantling and replacing the activated security system does not require any periods of stay in the dock. Used packing boxes can also be easily replaced at sea.

It is also essential for the invention that the proposed security system the dimensional stability of ships is in no way impaired. The security system can easily be retrofitted because of the construction the ship does not have to be changed. Nothing has to be in the ground or in other Scots are let in. This means that none of them occur in ship construction Voltage peaks.

The security system consists of established, partly commercially available elements. There is a compact design due to the high energy density of the gas generators Pyrotechnics. Overall, the design is due to the pressure-free Storage condition of the gas generator possible in a weight-saving form. The modular Construction allows a relatively flexible security partition that can be adapted to the respective environment. There is also a long shelf life of the security system due to moisture-resistant welding of the sensitive components given.

The packing boxes are simple compared to the ship construction To seal rubber seals. The sealing of the Column between packing boxes.

The space between two inflated cuboid sacks is sealed by beads integrally connected to the bags. The roughly semi-cylindrical Shaped beads are inflated when the sack is almost complete is inflated. A line tied to the top of the sack breaks in the moment the sack is almost fully inflated, open a valve and the gas flowing out of the sack inflates the bead. The ridges of two neighboring inflated sacks meet one another successively from bottom to top and form a firm and largely waterproof due to a Velcro fastener Connection.

Similarly, an inflated bag is sealed with respect to a side wall or longitudinal or transverse bulkhead. The connection pairing exists here from the inflated bead with one part of a Velcro connection and the bulkhead, which has the other part of the Velcro connection. That is also here a firm, watertight coupling of the neighboring, inflated sack to the ship's construction.

Substances in solid, tablet-shaped or granular, also powdery consistency in question. The gas can also come out Pressure cylinders or hydrazine gas generators can be supplied.

Figur 1

ein Ro/Ro-Schiff von der Seite mit einem teilweisen Längsschnitt,

Figur 2

einen Schnitt II-II nach Figur 1,

Figur 3

ein Sicherungssystem nach Figur 1 im Ruhezustand,

Figur 4

das Sicherungssystem nach den Figuren 1 und 2 im aktivierten Zustand im Querschnitt und in perspektivischer Ansicht,

Figur 5

ein gefaltetes Fallgitter,

Figur 6

einen Packkasten entsprechend den Figuren 3, 4 im Querschnitt und in perspektivischer Ansicht,

Figur 7 - 9

aufgeblasene Säcke nach Fig. 4 mit integrierten steifen Gitterwerken im Längs- und Querschnitt,

Figur 10

im Querschnitt eine Verbindungsstelle zweier aufgeblasener Säkke in Vorderansicht gemäß Pfeilrichtung X nach Fig. 4,

Figur 11

einen Schnitt XI-XI nach Figur 10,

Figur 12

einen vierfachen Eckstoß aufgeblasener Säcke nach Fig. 4,

Figur 13

einen aufgeblasenen Sack im Schnitt an einer Seitenwand eines Laderaums und

Figur 14

Abdichtelemente für nebeneinander angeordnete Packkästen nach den Figuren 4 und 6.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing. They show a schematic representation

Figure 1

a ro / ro ship from the side with a partial longitudinal section,

Figure 2

2 shows a section II-II according to FIG. 1,

Figure 3

1 in the idle state,

Figure 4

the security system according to Figures 1 and 2 in the activated state in cross section and in perspective view,

Figure 5

a folded gate,

Figure 6

4 shows a packing box corresponding to FIGS. 3, 4 in cross section and in perspective view,

Figure 7-9

4 inflated bags according to FIG. 4 with integrated rigid latticework in longitudinal and cross-section,

Figure 10

in cross section a connection point of two inflated bags in front view in the direction of arrow X in FIG. 4,

Figure 11

11 shows a section XI-XI according to FIG. 10,

Figure 12

a fourfold corner impact of inflated sacks according to FIG. 4,

Figure 13

an inflated sack in section on a side wall of a hold and

Figure 14

Sealing elements for pack boxes arranged next to one another according to FIGS. 4 and 6.

According to Figure 1, a ro / ro ship 1 has a deck 2 for receiving not shown Motor vehicles on a security system 3 is on the floor 4 and on the Ceiling 5 of the deck 2 attached and extends as shown in FIG. 1 as a bulkhead 8 between the side walls 6 and the longitudinal bulkheads.

According to Figure 2, several security systems 3 are transverse to the longitudinal axis 7 of the ship 1 provided.

The security system 3 according to Figures 3 and 6 consists of a, with the bottom 4 with 13 screwed arrangements 14. Each arrangement 14 has several, low packing boxes 15 arranged side by side in a row, the Packing boxes 15 - Fig. 14 - by seals 16, 17 made of rubber compared to the Bottom 4, the side wall 6 and are sealed against each other.

According to FIG. 4, the security system 3 includes rollers 19 lattice-shaped shutters 20 made of metal or dimensionally stable, tear-resistant plastic The rollers 19 are either on the side walls 6 or on the ceiling 5 of the Decks 2 stored. Each roller shutter 20 extends from wall 6 to wall 6 and is there in rails 22 and / or by ropes 23 (Figure 13).

Instead of the roller shutters 20, 5 can also be folded or folded on the ceiling according to FIG rolled-up drop grate 25 may be provided. The grid 25 is at 26 with a box 27 firmly connected, the box 27 with screws 28 to the ceiling 5 of the Decks 2 is firmly connected. The grid 25 is through a hinged lid 29 in the box 27 stored, the hinged lid 29 by an unlockable closure 30 is secured to box 27.

The packing box 15 according to Figure 6 consists of a housing 35 with one in the Middle with a predetermined breaking point 36, ie two-part cover 37, 38 with Joints 39. In the housing 35 is a tightly packed, inflatable bag 40 with Pressure relief valve 47 and arranged with bands 9 (Fig. 4), the bag 40 in usual way via fastening means 41 each with a side wall 34 of the Housing 35 is firmly connected.

Furthermore, a gas generator 42 according to the high-low pressure system is in the housing 35 attached with ignition 43 and a granular gas set 44.

To run over the packing box 15 better during loading and unloading of the deck 2 34 ramps 46 are arranged on the two end faces. At the Driving over the box 15, the lid 37, 38 through the housing 45 of the Gas generator 42 and supported by the folded bag 40.

The sealing and connection of the inflated bags 48 against each other and towards the wall 6, according to FIGS. 6, 10 to 12, with the bags 48 integrally connected, side, tubular beads 50 with Velcro fasteners 51, 52. According to FIG. 12 there is a quadruple corner kick of the bags 48.

Each chamber 50 is connected to the sack wall 49 via a valve 53 near the bottom Interior 54 of the sack 48 connected.

The valve 53 in the form of a flap 55 is during the blowing process of the jacket 40 resting tightly on an opening 55.1. Shortly before reaching the maximum height 56 - approximately at 57 - becomes one connected to the top 58 of the bag Line 59 open valve 53 by pulling line 59 off flap 55 Opening 55.1 tears off.

7 are self-locking, rigid latticework 70, 71 corresponding to the 8 and 9 in the inflated airbag 48 several times arranged. The latticework 70, 71 consist of light rods 72, 73 made of seawater-resistant Metal or plastic The diagonal rods 73 are telescopic and designed to be lockable. This means that the diagonal bars are in the idle state of the security system 3 inside the packing box 15 due to the shorter stowage length to accommodate without problems. On the other hand, you develop their supportive effect inflated sack by pulling it apart and the telescopic parts of the diagonal bars 73 can be locked together.

Articulated nodes 75 of the rods 72, 73 are firmly connected to the gas bag 48. Another solution is that loops 76 of the sack 40 den Attach the top bar 72, see Figures 7, 8.

According to FIG. 4, the inflated sack 48 has a large cuboid shape 64 Its depth 65 is very small compared to its height 66. The side edges 67 with the Velcro straps 51, 52 are parallel to each other.

About the function:

In the event of danger, the location of the damage is selected Arrangements 14 or, for safety, all arrangements 14 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 - from a central location - ignited by the respective ignition 43 around the To produce bulkheads 8. Either the Roller shutters 20 or the drop grilles 25 triggered, so that in the direction of arrow 60 - Fig. 4, 6 - open cover 37, 38 with a safety device, not shown engage in a form-fitting manner in the roller shutters 20 or drop grille 25 and establish a firm connection form. The clear cross section of the deck 2 is therefore completely blocked. Previously, the gas generated by gas generator 42 was inflated Sack 40 breaking open the predetermined breaking point 36 with the effect that the volume sack 40, the lid 37, 38 throws to the side and develops box-like or cuboid-shaped up to its height 56 according to FIG. Shortly before reaching the maximum height 56 - around 57 - the line breaks 59 the valve 53 or the valves 53 of the arrangements 14 on the beads 50 therefore inflate from bottom to top - see arrow 61 - and are below a certain amount of bias against each other, causing the Velcro parts 51, 52 firmly connect to each other; the same applies according to FIG. 13 for the Connection of the bead 50 to the side wall 6.

The belts 9 and the latticework 70, 71 ensure the cuboid design of sacks 48. Sacks 48 form one from side wall 6 to side wall 6 watertight barrier, which is integrated by the roller shutters 20 or drop bars 25 and / or Latticeworks 70, 71 are stabilized against water pressure.

This creates a particularly stable bond between the ceiling 5 and the floor 4 achieved that the shutters 20 are tensioned. This creates the protective effect against loosening the clamp connection between the not shown Safety devices of the cover 37, 38 and the roller shutters 20 in the case of tearing loose Vehicles increased.

When inflating a sack 40 according to FIGS. 7 to 9 by the gas generators 42, the latticework 70, 71 are replaced by the Growth "of the sack 48, which is in the process of inflation, is successively pulled up in the direction of arrow 77 and arrests either in the nodes 75 and / or in the telescopes of the rods 73, not shown.

After the danger has been eliminated, the bulkhead 8 is dismantled again by the roller shutters 20 or the grille 25 or the latticework 70, 71 back to their starting position to be brought. The bags 48 can be opened by pressure relief valves 47 be emptied. Instead of the used packing boxes 15 there are new packing boxes 15 to attach to the floor 4.

To secure a bow gate, the security system is modified accordingly Way of use. Here it depends on the opening of the bow gate as a whole by an inflated sack 48 or sacks 48 according to the arrangement 14 is sealed watertight.

It is within the scope of the invention that the security systems cross and / or parallel can be arranged to the longitudinal axis of the ship. Other angular arrangements are possible in relation to the longitudinal axis.

Claims (10)

1. Safety system (3) for ferry-boats (1), such as roll-on/roll-off ferries, against the penetration of water into the vehicle deck (2) in the event of extremely high waves or accidents, in the case of which self-erecting water-tight partition walls (25, 48) limit the penetration of water,
   characterized in that

   at least one inflatable bag (40) is provided on the floor (4) of the deck (2),

   the inflated bag (40, 48) is stabilised over its entire surface, against being toppled over or forced aside, by means of devices (20, 25; 70, 71) above and/or below the water and can be connected to the walls (6) of the boat (1) by means of lateral devices (50 - 52).
2. Safety system according to Claim 1,
   characterized in that

   several packing cases (15) with inflatable bags (40) are fixed one behind the other in a row on the floor (4) of the deck (2) and

   the inflated bags (48) are joined together at the sides by means of lateral devices (50 - 52) so as to be water-tight.
3. Safety system according to Claim 2,
   characterized in that

   the packing cases (15) are of low construction, are fixed on to the floor (4) and provided with ramps (46).
4. Safety system according to Claim 2,
   characterized in that

   each packing case (15) has at least one bag (40) and at least one gas generator (42) with igniter (43).
5. Safety system according to Claim 1,
   characterized in that

   each bag (40) has folded-up lattice work (70, 71) which can be locked into its final position, the lattice work (70, 71) being connected (75, 76) to the bag (40) for the purpose of unfolding.
6. Safety system according to Claim 2,
   characterized in that

   each packing case (15) has a two-part cover (37, 38), over which vehicles can be driven, which has a predetermined breaking point (36) lying at right angles to the direction of travel,

   in which case, after the predetermined breaking point (36) has been broken open by the inflating bag (40), the covers (37, 38), fold outwards on hinges into a vertical, lockable position.
7. Safety system according to Claim 2,
   characterized in that

   the lateral devices (50 - 52) consist of tubular sections (50), located at the sides of the bags (20) but inflated separately and having Velcro fastenings (51, 52), each section (50) being connected to the bag (40) by way of a valve (53) near the floor and the valve (53) being opened by way of a line (59) connected to the upper side (58) of the bag.
8. Safety system according to Claim 1,
   characterized in that,

   in the inflated state, the bag (40, 48) for instance has a large-surface rectangular parallelepiped form (64), its depth (65) being small in relation to its height (66), and its side faces (67) being parallel to one another.
9. Safety system according to Claim 1,
   characterized in that

   the bag (20) has a pressure-relief valve (47).
10. Safety system according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that

    a temporary bulkhead (8) is made of several inflated bags (48) which are joined together so as to be watertight and have lateral watertight connections (50 - 52) with the boat's side walls (6).

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