WO1992019382A1 - Adaptateur pour tube de centrifugation - Google Patents

Adaptateur pour tube de centrifugation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1992019382A1
WO1992019382A1 PCT/US1992/003813 US9203813W WO9219382A1 WO 1992019382 A1 WO1992019382 A1 WO 1992019382A1 US 9203813 W US9203813 W US 9203813W WO 9219382 A1 WO9219382 A1 WO 9219382A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
adapter
segment
segments
rotor
inboard
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1992/003813
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
William Andrew Romanuaskas
Thomas Edward Sheeran, Jr.
Original Assignee
E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company filed Critical E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
Priority to EP92913835A priority Critical patent/EP0584277B1/fr
Priority to DE69224289T priority patent/DE69224289T2/de
Priority to US08/140,057 priority patent/US5399144A/en
Publication of WO1992019382A1 publication Critical patent/WO1992019382A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B5/00—Other centrifuges
    • B04B5/04—Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers
    • B04B5/0407—Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers for liquids contained in receptacles
    • B04B5/0414—Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers for liquids contained in receptacles comprising test tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B5/00—Other centrifuges
    • B04B5/04—Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers
    • B04B5/0407—Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers for liquids contained in receptacles
    • B04B2005/0435—Radial chamber apparatus for separating predominantly liquid mixtures, e.g. butyrometers for liquids contained in receptacles with adapters for centrifuge tubes or bags

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an adapter for holding a centrifuge tube in a centrifuge rotor cavity, and in particular, to an adapter having two segments, the segments being in some cases joined by a hinge, the hinge axis extending perpendicular to the axis of the adapter.
  • a device known as a tube adapter When the shape and size of a centrifuge tube does not closely conform to the shape and size of the rotor cavity in which it is to be disposed a device known as a tube adapter is usually employed.
  • the tube adapter has an interior cavity having a shape and size which closely conforms to the shape and size of the centrifuge tube being adapted.
  • the exterior shape and size of the adapter closely conforms to the shape and size of the rotor cavity in which the tube is to be used.
  • the adapter serves to support a tube within the cavity in which it is received and thus serves to prevent deformation of the tube during centrifugation.
  • an adapter formed of a single unitary member is the device disclosed in United States Patent 4,304,356 (Chulay et al.). This adapter supports only the neck region of the centrifuge tube and is fabricated of a material having a lower density than the liquid being carried therein to prevent bottoming of the adapter in the rotor cavity in the event of tube rupture.
  • an adapter formed of two piece construction is the device shown in United States Patent 3,674,197 (Mitchell et al.), assigned to the assignee hereof.
  • This adapter comprises two discrete segments, each of which has an indentation therein. When joined the indentations form a recess for receiving a collapsible bag during centrifugation.
  • the adapter disclosed in this patent includes aperture(s) through which tubes from the bag exit the adapter. Thus, the possibility exists that the bag may extrude through these 3 apertures if the adapter were to undergo centrifugation in a vertical angle rotor.
  • An adapter arrangement formed of two discrete adapter 5 segments and useful to support the capped end of a centrifuge tube is available as part of the Nalgene Ultra-Lok Tube System sold by Fisher Scientific Incorporated.
  • United States Patent 4,692,137 discloses a 0 tube adapter having two segments which are hinged along the lateral edges of the segments.
  • the hinge axes align in parallel relationship to the axis of the cavity in which the adapter is received.
  • the disposition of hinges along the lateral edges of the segments is believed disadvantageous in that such a 5 disposition may interfere with the insertion or removal of the adapter into or from the rotor cavity.
  • the present invention relates to an adapter having an axis therethrough for supporting a centrifuge tube within a cavity in a centrifuge rotor.
  • the cavity itself has an axis therethrough.
  • the axis of the adapter may, in use, align in parallel relationship with the axis of the cavity.
  • the adapter comprises a first and a second adapter segment, each segment having an exterior surface and a mating surface thereon. Each segment has an indentation in the mating surface thereof.
  • the segments may be connected by at least one hinge that supports the segments for relative pivotal movement about a hinge axis from an open to a mated position.
  • the hinge axis extends perpendicular to the axis of the adapter.
  • the indentation in each segment is shaped such that when the segments are in the mated position the recess is sized to closely correspond to the configuration of at least the neck of the tube.
  • at least one of the segments has a feature on the mating surface thereof that projects into the indentation therein.
  • the indentation in each segment is shaped such that when the segments are in the mated position the recess so defined is sized to closely correspond to the size and configuration of the centrifuge tube over its entire length.
  • the present invention relates to an adapter for supporting a closed centrifuge tube having a predetermined size and configuration within a cavity in a vertical angle centrifuge rotor.
  • the rotor is rotatable to a predetermined maximum speed.
  • the adapter has a central axis extending therethrough that, in use, aligns in parallel relationship both with the axis of the rotor cavity in which the adapter is disposed and with the axis of rotation of the vertical angle rotor.
  • the adapter comprises a first and a second adapter segment, each of which has an exterior surface and a mating surface thereon. Each segment has an indentation in the mating surface thereof.
  • the indentations are shaped such that when the segments are joined along their mating surfaces the indentations cooperate to define a recess able to totally surround a centrifuge tube disposed therein.
  • Each adapter segment is fabricated of a material that has sufficient strength to withstand the vertical forces created by the pressure of a liquid under centrifugation.
  • each adapter segment defines a predetermined angle with respect to a plane that is normal to a plane containing the line of action along which the adapter segments are joined. Inclination of the mating surfaces of the adapter segments allows the same to displace relative to each other to totally fill the rotor cavity in which they are disposed without any separation being defined between the segments. Inclined mating surfaces may be provided on any of the adapter segments disclosed in the present application.
  • the present invention relates to an adapter for supporting a closed centrifuge tube in which at least one of the. adapter segments has an effective weight sufficient to balance forces created by the pressure of a liquid carried in the tube under centrifugation that act transversely to the central axis.
  • the one segment is disposed closer to the axis of rotation so that the mating surfaces of the adapter segments lie in a plane that is perpendicular to a radius of the rotor extending through the cavity.
  • the weight of the one segment while under centrifugation is sufficient to maintain the mating surfaces of the adapter segments in contacting relationship with each other.
  • Suitable keying may be provided to identify the one segment having the predetermined effective weight.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of an adapter according to a first embodiment of the present invention for supporting the neck region of a centrifuge tube of the type in which a portion of the tube neck has a constricted region thereon when capped, the adapter being shown in the open position;
  • Figure 2 is a fragmentary elevation view, in section, of the tube adapter of Figure 1 in use and supporting the neck portion of a centrifuge tube in a fixed angle rotor cavity;
  • Figure 3 a perspective view of an adapter according to a second embodiment of the present invention for supporting the full length of a centrifuge tube within a rotor cavity, the adapter being shown in the open position;
  • Figure 4 is a fragmentary elevation view, in section, of the tube adapter of Figure 3 in use and supporting a centrifuge tube over its entire axial length in a fixed angle rotor cavity;
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view similar to Figure 3 of a modification of the embodiment of the tube adapter there shown for use with an open top tube;
  • Figure 6 is a fragmentary elevation view, in section, of the centrifuge tube adapter of Figure 5 in use and supporting a centrifuge tube over its entire axial length in a fixed angle rotor cavity;
  • Figure 7A is a perspective view of an adapter in accordance with another aspect of the present invention used to support a closed tube within the cavity of a vertical angle rotor, the adapter segments being independent of each other, while Figure 7B is a modification of the embodiment of adapter shown in Figure 7A in which the adapter segments are hinged;
  • Figure 8 is a fragmentary elevational view of an adapter shown in either Figure 7A or 7B in use and supporting a centrifuge tube over its entire axial length in a vertical angle centrifuge rotor cavity, with a portion of the tube being broken away;
  • Figures 9A and 9B are sectional views taken along section lines 9A-9A, 9B-9B in Figure 8 showing the inclination of the mating surfaces of the adapter segments, the view of Figure 9A illustrating the relationship of the adapter segments with respect to each other, with respect to the tube received in the adapter, and with respect to the rotor cavity in which the adapter is placed while rotor is at rest while the view of Figure 9B shows the relationship of the adapter segments with respect to each other, with respect to the tube received in the adapter, and with respect to the rotor cavity in which the adapter is placed when the rotor is rotating;
  • Figure 10 is a perspective view of an adapter in accordance with yet another aspect of the present invention used to support a closed tube within the cavity of a vertical angle rotor;
  • Figure HA is a side sectional view of an adapter of Figure 10 in use and supporting a centrifuge tube over its entire axial length in a vertical angle centrifuge rotor cavity
  • Figures 11B and 11C are, respectively, sectional views of the adapter as shown in Figure 11A taken along section lines 11B-11B and 11C-11C;
  • Figure 12A is a perspective view of a modification of the embodiment of the adapter shown in Figures 10 and 11 with the inboard adapter segment having a keying configuration thereon, while Figure 12B is a side sectional view of the adapter of Figure 12A with the adapter segments joined together;
  • Figure 13 is a perspective view of another modification of the embodiment of the adapter shown in Figures 10 and 11;
  • Figure 14 is an enlarged view of a portion of the perspective view of Figure 13 illustrating a hinge arrangement useful with the modified adaptor shown therein;
  • Figure 15 is an enlarged view of the inboard segment of the modified adaptor shown in Figure 13 taken along view lines 15-15 therein;
  • Figure 16 is a side sectional view of an adapter of Figure 10 in use and supporting a centrifuge tube over its entire axial length in a vertical angle centrifuge rotor cavity.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of an adapter, generally indicated by the reference character 10, according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the adapter 10 in accordance with this embodiment is useful for supporting a centrifuge tube T of the type having a body portion B with a closed end C, the body B tapering through a transition region R to a narrowed neck region N.
  • the neck N serves as the liquid port through which a liquid under test may be loaded into the tube T.
  • the tube T is capped at least one portion D of the neck N becomes radially inwardly constricted, thereby forming a constricted region in the neck of the tube.
  • the capping assembly disclosed in United States Patent 4,552,278 (Romanauskas) is used to cap the tube, so that the neck N of the tube has a corrugated configuration imparted thereto.
  • the corrugated configuration has at least one and optionally a plurality of circumferentially extending corrugations formed in the neck N. It should be understood that any other capping arrangement may be used, so long as any form of constricted region is imparted to the configuration of the neck N.
  • the adapter 10 is comprised of a first adapter segment 12 and an identical second adapter segment 14.
  • Each segment 12, 14 has an exterior surface 16 and a planar mating surface 18 thereon.
  • the exterior surface 16 of each segment is defined by a generally cylindrical lateral surface portion 20 and a planar upper surface portion 22.
  • an enlarged collar 24 is disposed intermediate the lateral surface portion 20 and the upper surface portion 22.
  • the configuration and size of the adjacent lateral surface portions 20 closely corresponds to the configuration and diameter of a rotor cavity 40 in which the adapter 10 is used.
  • the upper surface portions 22 of the conjoined segments are accessible when the adapter 10 is received in the rotor cavity 40.
  • the segments 12 and 14 are connected and supported for relative pivotal movement with respect to each other by at least one hinge 26.
  • the hinge 26 may take the form of a live hinge bridging the upper surface portions 22 of the segments 12, 14, or may, if desired, take the form of a coined hinge.
  • live hinge refers to a hinge type, typically made of a polypropylene material, which must be flexed or bent before the plastic is cooled or permanently set. Such hinges are complete without secondary operations.
  • coined hinge refers to a hinge that is cold-formed, usually by a stamping operation. The stamping operation creates a narrower and a thinner flexing region which defines a hinge.
  • the axis 26A of the hinge 26 that is, the axis about which occurs the relative pivotal motion of the segments, extends perpendicular to the axis 10A of the adapter 10. This relationship of the hinge axis 26 A to the axis 10A of the adapter 10 is best illustrated in Figure 2.
  • each of the adapter segments 12, 14 has an indentation 28 therein.
  • the indentation 28 in each segment 12, 14 corresponds to the size and contour of at least a portion of the tube T.
  • the indentations 28 therein cooperate to define a recess 30 ( Figure 2) that corresponds to the size and shape of at least a predetermined portion of the tube T that is received therein.
  • At least one but preferably both indentations 28 contains a feature 34, in the form of a circumferentially extending ridge, that corresponds in size and is located complementarity to the position of the constriction D in the neck N of the tube.
  • the adapter 10 shown in Figures 1 and 2 is especially useful when the diameter of body B of the tube T is equal to the diameter of a cavity 40 in a centrifuge rotor 42, but the overall length L of the tube T is less than the axial length of the cavity.
  • the rotor cavity 40 has an axis 40A therethrough that aligns in parallel relationship with the axis 10A of the adapter 10 when the same is disposed therein.
  • the adapter 10 defined by the mated segments 12, 14 serves to support the neck N and the transition region R of the tube T within the cavity 40.
  • the tube T is inserted into one of the segments 12, 14, so that the feature 34 on the segment(s) is received within the constricted region D in the neck N of the tube T when the segments are in the mated position.
  • the segments 12, 14 are then pivoted about the hinge axis 26A to place the mating surfaces 18 thereon in abutting contact. This closes the adapter 10 around the tube T and thus permits the tube T to be manipulated by manipulation of the adapter 10.
  • the tube T and the adapter 10 are then axially inserted into the cavity 40. In the preferred instance the tube T bottoms against the closed end of the cavity 40.
  • the axial length of the adapter 10 is selected such that when the tube T is received in the cavity 40, the upper surface portions 22 on the segments 12, 14 are accessible to a user.
  • the hinge 26 may be formed so as to define a useful lifting appliance, as shown in Figure 2.
  • a user grasps the hinge 26 and lifts the tube from the cavity 40.
  • the feature 34 in such an instance defines a lifting surface which acts against the material of the tube in the constricted region D in the neck N thereof, and thus serves to transmit the lifting force to the tube T to withdraw the same from the cavity.
  • the tube T may be withdrawn without unduly agitating the separation within the tube T.
  • the rotor 42 may have a shoulder 44 defined about the mouth of the cavity 40.
  • the shoulder 44 is preferably located on the rotor 42 at a position that is axially beneath the collars 24 on the segments 12, 14 when the adapter is received within the cavity, thereby to guard against the possibility that tube rupture will permit the adapter 10 to enter into the cavity 40.
  • the segments 12, 14 with the hinge 26 therebetween are preferably integrally formed from a suitable material, such as polypropylene.
  • a suitable material such as polypropylene.
  • the segments 12, 14 may be otherwise fabricated from one or more pieces, using other manufacturing techniques and other materials, and assembled to define the adapter 10. Similar techniques may be used to form any other embodiment of the adapter illustrated and discussed herein.
  • the adapter 10' shown in Figures 3 and 4 finds utility.
  • the recess 30' ( Figure 4) formed by the cooperative association of the indentations 28' in the mated adapter segments 12', 14' is configured to correspond to the size and shape of the tube T over the entire axial length L' thereof.
  • the segments 12', 14' are each provided with an axial extension 36 having a bottom wall 38.
  • the bottom wall 38 need not completely close the bottom of the adapter 12', 14', as is illustrated, but may only partly close the same.
  • the presence of the extension 36 and the bottom wall 38 permit the recess 30' defined when the segments 12', 14' are joined to receive the entire axial length L' of the tube T.
  • Figure 4 illustrates this embodiment of the invention in use.
  • the closed end C of the tube T is contacted by the interior surface of the bottom wall 38.
  • the indentations 28' in the segments 12', 14 * are placed such that the tube T lies as close to the bottom of the rotor cavity 40, thereby to maximize the centrifugal force imposed on the liquid sample.
  • the feature 34 present in the embodiment of Figure 1 is not required, since the requisite lifting force transmission surface is defined by the bottom wall 38 operating against the bottom end C of the tube T.
  • the collar 24 may be eliminated.
  • Figure 5 illustrates an adapter 10" that defines a modification of the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 3.
  • the tube T" has the form of a test tube, with no constriction present to define a neck.
  • the segments 12", 14" are modified to exhibit indentations 28" similar to those shown in Figure 3, but which correspond in size and shape to the test tube T" over the entire axial length L" thereof.
  • the hinge between the segments is disposed on the upper surface portion of the exterior surface of the adapter segments. Such a disposition is believed advantageous in that it locates the hinge at a position where the hinge does not interfere with the receipt of the adapter within the rotor cavity. At the same time the hinge defines a useful lifting appliance.
  • the adapter previously illustrated and discussed may find utility in the environment of a vertical angle rotor, such a utilization may typically require the provision of a suitable capping arrangement to prevent tube failure.
  • the capping arrangement is required in the case that the adapter does not completely surround the tube, such as shown in Figures 1 and 2.
  • a capping arrangement is also required if the adapter does completely surround the tube, as shown in Figures 3 through 6, but does not have sufficient strength to withstand the vertical force due to liquid pressure under centrifugation.
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate such an adapter in accordance with another aspect of the present invention.
  • Figure 7A illustrates an unhinged embodiment of the vertical angle rotor adapter, while Figure 7B shows a hinged embodiment thereof.
  • the vertical angle rotor adapter shown in Figures 7A and 7B is generally indicated by the reference character 10 3 and is generally similar to the adapters 10' and 10" discussed in connection with Figures 3 and 5 in the sense that the adapter 10 3 is arranged to totally surround the tube T disposed there within.
  • the adapter 10 3 comprises a first adapter segment 12 3 and a second adapter segment 14 3 .
  • Each segment 12 3 , 14 3 has an exterior surface 16 3 thereon.
  • the exterior surface 16 3 of each segment 12 3 , 14 3 is defined by a. generally cylindrical lateral surface portion 20 3 and a planar upper surface portion 223.
  • the adapter segment 12 3 has a planar mating surface 18 3 thereon while the adapter segment 14 3 has a planar mating surface 19 3 thereon.
  • the mating surfaces 18 3 and 19 3 on the segments 12 3 and 14 3 are angled with respect to a predetermined reference plane, to be defined.
  • the inclination of the mating surfaces 18 3 and 19 3 on the segments 12 3 and 14 3 , respectively, is believed best seen in Figures 9A and 9B. It should be understood that the mating surfaces of the adapter segments in any of the embodiments shown in Figures 1 through 6 may also be inclined in the manner shown in Figures 9A and 9B.
  • each of the adapter segments 12 3 and 14 3 each have an indentation 28 3 therein.
  • the indentation 28 3 in each segment 12 3 and 14 3 corresponds to the size and shape of the entire axial length L of the tube T.
  • the indentations 28 3 therein cooperate to define a recess 30 3 ( Figure 8) that corresponds to the size and shape of the entire axial length of the tube T ( Figures 1 and 8) that is received therein.
  • the indentations 28 3 in each segment are shaped such that when the segments 12 3 and 14 3 are joined along their respective mating surfaces 18 3 and 19 3 the indentations 28 3 in each segment cooperate to define a recess 30 3 able to totally surround a centrifuge tube T disposed therein.
  • Figure 8 illustrates the adapter 10 3 in accordance with this aspect of the present invention in use in the environment of a vertical angle centrifuge rotor 42 v .
  • the axis of each cavity 40 v is parallel or approaching parallel (with an inclination angle of not more than fifteen (15) degrees) to the axis of rotation A of the rotor.
  • the adapter 10 3 has a central axis 10 3 A that, in use, aligns with the axis of the cavity 40 v in which it is disposed and with the axis of rotation A of the vertical angle rotor 42 v .
  • the segments 12 3 , 14 3 are independent of each other. These segments 12 3 , 14 3 may be joined by moving each segment toward the other along a line of action 48 thereby to bring the mating surfaces 12 3 , 14 3 thereof in abutting contact.
  • line of action is meant to denote that direction of motion which joins the segments 12 3 , 14 3 such that, in a given predetermined plane perpendicular to the central axis 10 ⁇ simultaneous contact of both sides of the segments 12 3 , 14 3 occurs.
  • the segments 12 3 , 14 3 are connected and supported for relative pivotal movement with respect to each other by at least one hinge 26 3 .
  • the pivotal axis 26 3 A ( Figure 8) of the hinge 26 3 that is, the axis about which occurs the relative pivotal motion of the segments 12 3 , 14 3 , extends perpendicular to the axis 10 3 A of the adapter 10 3 .
  • the hinge 26 3 may take the form of a live hinge bridging the upper surface portions 22 3 of the segments 12 3 , 14 3 , or may, if desired, take the form of a coined hinge.
  • the segments 12 3 , 14 3 may also be joined by moving each segment toward the other along the line of action 48.
  • the line of action 48 also lies in the plane perpendicular to the pivotal axis 26 3 A of the hinge 26 3 .
  • the inclination of the surfaces 18 3 , 19 3 may be most clearly seen. (Sectioning of the adapter has been omitted from Figures 9A and 9B for clarity of illustration).
  • the segments 12 3 , 14 3 may expand during centrifugation to fill the entirety of the rotor cavity 40 v .
  • any variations in the size of the various cavities 40 v in a given rotor, variations in cavity size from rotor to rotor, and variations in the thickness of the segments from adapter to adapter may be accommodated without breaking the total containment of the tube T by the adapter.
  • the radial distance Ri measured between the central axis 10 3 A and the interior surface of the adapter segment 14 3 in the region of the indentation 28 3 therein is less than the radial distance R2 measured between the central axis 10 3 A and the interior surface of the adapter segment 12 3 in the region of the indentation 28 3 therein.
  • the radial distance R3 as the distance between the central axis 10 3 and the exterior surface of the adapter segment 14 3 in the region of the indentation 28 3 therein and the radial distance R2 as the distance between the central axis 10 3 and the exterior surface of the adapter segment 12 3 in the region of the indentation 28 3 therein.
  • the thickness of the segment 12 3 is equal to the difference between the distances R4 and R2, while thickness of the segment 14 3 is equal to the difference between the distances R3 and Ri.
  • the arc length of the inner surface of the segment 14 3 i.e., the distance between the points 50-50 in a plane perpendicular to the adapter axis 10 3 A (the plane of Figure 9A) plus the arc length of the inner surface of the segment 12 3 (i.e., the distance between the points 52-52) in the same plane must equal the circumference of the inside of the adapter in a plane perpendicular to the adapter axis 10 3 A in the case when the adapter of the smallest segment thickness is conformed to the largest rotor cavity, as illustrated in Figure 9B.
  • the magnitude of angles of inclination of the surfaces may be measured by reference to a reference plane 54.
  • the reference plane 54 is that plane that contains both the vertical central axis 10 3 of the adapter 10 3 and at least one of the inwardly projecting corners 50 of the adapter segment 14 3 .
  • the reference plane 54 may be defined as the plane that is normal to the line of action 48 (superimposed on Figure 9A) along which the segments 12 3 , 14 3 are joined together.
  • the inclination of the surfaces 18 3 and 19 3 lies in the range of angles from about 10 to about 80 degrees.
  • each angle is forty five (45) degrees.
  • the surfaces 18 3 and 19 3 are shown as being inclined to the same degree (i.e., the angles of the surfaces 18 3 and 19 3 with respect to the reference plane 54 are equal), such is not necessarily required. It is only necessary that the inclination of the surfaces 18 3 and 19 3 be such that the segments are maintained in mutual contact if they expand during centrifugation to fill the cavity 40 v . It should also be noted that the segments 12 3 and 14 3 may be other than circular, and can be ellipsoidal, if desired.
  • An adapter in accordance with this embodiment of the present invention may be fabricated from any suitable material so long as the resulting adapter has sufficient strength (as that term is defined herein).
  • the material of choice must exhibit other desirable properties, such as appropriate ultimate strength, appropriate modulus of elasticity, suitable chemical compatibility with any liquid sample being centrifuged and ability to withstand autoclaving.
  • Suitable plastic materials include polypropylene, polyamide, acetal, polyphenylene oxide, polyvinyl choloride, polycarbonate or polyethylene.
  • Other plastic or metallic materials either homogeneous (neat) or fiber reinforced) with similar or better mechanical and chemical properties for the application under consideration may also be used.
  • the adapter may be formed in any convenient manner consistent with the material selected, such as molding, machining, casting or forging.
  • the adapter 10 3 hi order to support a tube T in a vertical angle rotor without the assistance of the restraining force provided by a capping mechanism, the adapter 10 3 must exhibit sufficient strength to absorb the forces imposed on the tube T by the pressure of the liquid therein.
  • "sufficient strength" means that the adapter must be able to withstand the forces imposed on it during centrifugation without failing or deforming to the extent that the tube carried therein ruptures.
  • Whether a given adapter is of sufficient strength, and thus falls within the scope of the claims of the present invention, can be determined from various readily ascertainable operating parameters of the vertical angle rotor in which the adapter is to be used and the application to which the adapter is to be put. These parameters are the specific weight of the liquid sample within the tube received by adapter, the radius Ri which represents the minimum distance to the sample from the axis A of rotation ( Figure 8), the diameter D 0 ( Figure 8) of the rotor cavity, the thickness of the adapter segment, the inside diameter of the tube, and the speed of rotation of the vertical angle rotor.
  • P is the pressure (psi)
  • ⁇ is the rotational velocity of the rotor (radians per second)
  • g is acceleration due to gravity (inches per second 2 )
  • ⁇ is the specific weight of the sample (Lb per inch 3 )
  • R 0 is the distance to the point of interest x where the pressure value is desired from the center of rotation (inches)
  • Rj is the minimum distance to the sample from the axis A of rotation (inches).
  • the total vertical force Fv that the adapter must withstand is then found by integrating this pressure function over the circular cross sectional area of the inside of the tube.
  • the average stress in the wall of the adapter can be determined in accordance with the relationship: Fv
  • D 0 is the diameter of the rotor cavity
  • Dj is the inside diameter of the adapter when operating at speed, which equals the diameter of the rotor cavity minus the thickness of each of the segments of the adapter ( Figure 9B).
  • the modulus of elasticity of that material may be readily obtained.
  • An estimation of the vertical deformation of the adapter may be found by multiplying the initial length of the adapter by the average stress divided by the modulus of elasticity of the adapter material. If the average stress calculated in Equation (2) is less than the ultimate strength of the adapter material, and the predicted deformation is less than the deformation that will cause first leakage in the tube carried within the adapter, then the given adapter is to be construed to have sufficient strength for at least one operating cycle, and therefore falls within the contemplation of the present invention. The determination of sufficient strength as set forth above under operating conditions will verify both the analysis and the conclusion of the sufficiency of strength of the adapter.
  • the adapter heretofore described in connection with Figures 7A through 9B for use primarily in a vertical angle rotor is fabricated of a material and in a manner such that the adapter, while under centrifugation, has sufficient strength to withstand the vertical forces Fv (that is, forces that act parallel to the central axis of the adapter). Vertical stresses in the tube T are therefore minimized.
  • Angled mating edges on the adapter segments are provided to prevent a separation from forming between the segments in response to the radial expansion of the tube under pressure. The prevention of such a separation insures that the tube is supported about the entirety of its circumference such that the possibility of tube failure is minimized.
  • the adapter may be designed and fabricated such that, under centrifugation, the body force of one adapter segment is sufficient to balance the force created by the pressure of a liquid carried in the tube under centrifugation that acts transversely to the central axis.
  • the preferred form of such an adapter when in use must be disposed within a cavity of a rotor in an orientation such that the mating surfaces of the adapter segments lie in a plane that is substantially perpendicular to a radius of the rotor extending through the cavity.
  • FIG 10 illustrates a preferred arrangement of a split adapter 10 4 for use in a vertical angle rotor in accordance with this embodiment of the present invention.
  • the structure of the adapter 10 4 is generally similar to the adapter 10' shown and discussed in connection with Figures 3A and 3B and to the adapter 10 3 shown and discussed in connection with Figures 7A and 7B in the sense that the adapter 10 4 , like the adapters 10' and 10 3 , is arranged to totally surround a tube T disposed there within.
  • the adapter 10 4 includes a first adapter segment 12 4 and a second adapter segment 14 4 .
  • Each segment 12 4 , 14 4 has an exterior surface 16 4 and a mating surface 18 4 thereon.
  • the exterior surface 16 4 of each segment 12 4 , 14 4 is defined by a generally cylindrical lateral surface portion 20 4 and a planar upper surface portion 22 4 .
  • the exterior surface 16 4 of each segment 12 4 , 14 4 is sized and shaped for close fitting receipt within the cavity 40 v of a vertical angle rotor 42 v ( Figures 11A through 11C).
  • Each segment 12 4 , 14 4 is provided with an indentation 28 4 in the mating surface 18 4 thereof.
  • the indentation 28 4 in each segment 12 4 , 14 4 is shaped so that when the segments 12 4 and 14 4 arc joined along their mating surfaces 18 4 the indentations 28 4 cooperate to define a recess 30 4 able to totally surround a centrifuge tube T disposed therein.
  • the adapter 10 4 has a central axis lO- ⁇ A extending therethrough ( Figure 11 A). As will be discussed later, the recess 30 4 may be inclined with respect to the central axis lCHA and remain within the contemplation of this invention.
  • an adapter 10 4 in accordance with this embodiment of the present invention may be provided with a hinge on the upper surface 22 4 of the segments, similar to the embodiment shown in Figure 7B. If a hinge is provided, the pivotal axis of the hinge extends perpendicular to the axis of the adapter. As discussed earlier, the hinge may take the form of a live hinge or a coined hinge.
  • At least one of the segments of the adapter 10 4 must have a predetermined effective weight under centrifugation that is sufficient to prevent separation of the adapter segments.
  • the effective weight of the adapter segment is defined as the weight of the segment at sea level multiplied by the g (gravity) force imposed on the segment when the same is rotated at a predetermined operating speed with the center of mass of the segment lying a predetermined radial distance from an axis of rotation.
  • the 14 4 has at least one, but preferably, a pair of resilient extensions 58 4 , 60 4 , respectively, thereon.
  • the resilient extensions 58 4 , 60 4 are flexibly mounted, as by hinging, to the outside surface 16 4 of the segment along a line of bending 62 4 .
  • the resilient extensions 58 4 , 60 4 are biased to flare outwardly from the adapter segment, and are bendable along the line of bending 62 4 to close inwardly toward the lateral surface portion 20 4 of the outside surface 16 4 of the segment to which they are attached. In the closed position the resilient extensions 58 4 , 60 4 are in contact with the lateral surface portion 20 4 of the outside surface 16 4 of the segment to which they are attached.
  • each extension is tapered, as at 64 4 . It should be noted that when the adapter segments 12 4 , 14 4 are mated the edges of resilient extensions 58 4 , 60 4 are circumferentially spaced a slight distance apart, thereby to provide sufficient clearance to accommodate the flexing motion of the resilient extensions 58 4 , 60 4 during insertion into the rotor cavity.
  • each extension 58 4 , 60 4 serves to frictionally interact with the boundaries of a rotor cavity 42 v ( Figure 11 A through 11C) to prevent rotation of the adapter 10 4 about its axis lO- ⁇ A with respect to the body of the rotor 40 v thereby to maintain the adapter 10 4 in a predetermined angular orientation within the cavity during operation of the rotor.
  • FIGS 11A through 11C illustrate the adapter 10 4 of Figure 10 in use in a cavity 40 v of a vertical angle centrifuge rotor 42 v . Sectioning of the adapter has been omitted from Figure 11C for clarity of illustration.
  • the segment for example, the segment 12 4
  • the other segment 14 4 which lies farther from the axis of rotation 10A is termed the "outboard" segment.
  • the inboard segment 12 4 must have an effective weight sufficient to balance the force FT created by the pressure of a liquid carried in the tube under centrifugation that acts transversely to the central axis lCHA of the adapter 10 4 . Such an arrangement precludes separation of the adapter segments 12 4 , 14 4 during centrifugation.
  • the mating surfaces 18 4 of the adapter segments 12 4 , 14 4 are disposed so as to lie in a plane 68 ( Figure HA) that is substantially perpendicular to a radius of the rotor 42 v extending through the cavity 40 v .
  • the plane 68 is the plane of Figure 11B.
  • the recess 30 4 may be arranged within the adapter 10 4 such that an axis extending centrally through the recess 30 4 of the adapter 10 4 is offset radially with respect to the axis KHA of the adapter 10 4 .
  • the recess 30 4 is not concentric with the generally cylindrical lateral surface portion 20 4 of the adapter 10 4 . If so offset it its preferred that the recess 30 4 be displaced radially outwardly with respect to the axis 10 of the adapter 10 4 .
  • Such an arrangement may be utilized to increase the effective weight of the inboard segment 12 4 and/or to dispose the sample to higher g-forces resulting from the increased radial distance to the sample.
  • the inboard adapter segment 12 4 has an effective weight sufficient for the purpose of containing the transverse force FT, and thus fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention, can be determined from consideration of the identical operating parameters as previously developed and described in connection with the "sufficient strength" determination for accommodation of the vertical force Fv.
  • the pressure P across the diameter of the tube is defined by Equation (1).
  • the value of the pressure P ranges from zero at the inboard edge of the tube to a maximum value at the farthest radial location of the liquid sample from the axis of rotation of the rotor.
  • the inboard segment 12 4 of the adapter 10 4 is subjected to a radially inwardly directed force FT that results from liquid pressure in the inboard half of the tube.
  • the magnitude of this radially inwardly directed force FT is determined by integrating the component of the pressure function defined by Equation (1) that is parallel to a radial line through the center of mass of the inboard segment 12 4 over the surface area of the indentation 28 4 of the adapter segment 12 4 .
  • An adapter 10 4 having segments 12 4 , 14 4 in accordance with this embodiment of the invention may be fabricated from any suitable material so long as the resulting adapter segment 12 4 has sufficient effective weight (as that term is defined herein) and exhibits suitable chemical compatibility with any liquid sample being centrifuged. It should preferably have the ability to withstand sterilization, as by autoclaving.
  • Suitable plastic materials include polypropylene, polyamide, acetal, polyphenylene oxide, polyvinyl choloride, polycarbonate or polyethylene.
  • Other plastic or metallic materials either homogeneous (neat) or fiber reinforced
  • the adapter may be formed in any convenient manner consistent with the material selected, such as molding, machining, casting or forging.
  • both the segments 12 4 , 14 4 may be substantially identical in weight or they may be substantially different in weight, so long as the inboard adapter segment has the requisite effective weight to completely contain the tube T during operation of the rotor.
  • the adapter 10 4 also be fabricated of a material that has sufficient strength to withstand the vertical force Fv due to liquid pressure under centrifugation, as discussed in connection with Figures 7 A through 9B.
  • the adapter 10 4 is not able to withstand the vertical force Fv, then a separate capping arrangement on the rotor is required.
  • the inboard segment 12 4 By providing the inboard segment 12 4 having a -suitable effective weight the mating surfaces on the inboard and outboard segments remain in contact during operation of the rotor and no gap therebetween may form.
  • the tube T is thus completely contained within the conjoined adapter segments during operation of the rotor, and the possibility of tube failure due to extrusion into a gap is precluded.
  • the present embodiment carries the additional benefit of minimizing circumferential stress in the tube caused by the pressure of the liquid, therefore further reducing the possibility of tube failure. Since the effective weight of the inboard segment of the adapter is at least as great as the transverse force due to pressure FT, the inboard segment limits expansion of tube. Greater tube reliability over a greater range of tube, adapter and cavity tolerances is thus produced.
  • the adapter 10 4 must be disposed in the cavity 40 v of the rotor 42 v in an orientation which substantially aligns the line of action 48 of closure of the adapter segments 12 4 , 14 4 with a radial line extending from the axis of rotation of the rotor to the center of the cavity 40 v in which the adapter is disposed and which places the mating surfaces 18 4 of the adapter segments 12 4 , 14 4 in the plane 68 ( Figure HA) that is perpendicular to the radius extending through the cavity 40 v .
  • the segments 12 4 , 14 4 may be keyed in a fashion to be described.
  • both segments 12 4 , 14 4 have the requisite effective weight sufficient to ensure complete containment of the tube in the adapter recess, then either segment may assume the position of the inboard segment.
  • the adapter may be inserted into the cavity in either of two different orientations and the desired performance will occur.
  • the keying can be implemented by providing any suitable distinctive physical feature on the adapter, such as a visually distinctive marking or a distinctive shape. Should only one segment 12 4 exhibit the requisite effective weight then a form of keying is necessary which both: (1) identifies that segment as the inboard segment; and (2) aligns the mating surfaces 18 4 of the adapter segments 12 4 , 14 4 in the plane 68.
  • FIG. 12A and 12B A particular modified configuration of an adapter 10 4 in which only one segment 12 4 exhibits the requisite effective weight is illustrated in Figures 12A and 12B.
  • the inboard adapter segment 12 4 has a distinctive configuration imparted thereto in the form of the fiat surfaces 68 4 provided on the exterior surface 16 4 of the segment 12 4 .
  • the cavity 40 v into which the adapter 10 4 of Figure 12 is insertable is correspondingly shaped, thus to ensures that the adapter 10 4 is properly received into the rotor 42 v .
  • a portion of the upper surface 22 4 of the inboard segment 12 4 is removed to define a channel 70 4 therein.
  • the mating surfaces 18 4 on the inboard segment 12 4 are flush with the boundaries of the channel 70 4 .
  • the upper surface 22 4 of the outboard segment 14 4 is provided with a projecting flange 72 4 that is shaped in correspondence to the channel 70 4 .
  • the mating surfaces 18 4 on the outboard segment 14 4 are arranged to slidably engage the corresponding mating surfaces 18 4 on the inboard segment 12 4 .
  • the undersurface of the flange 72 4 has a pocket 76 4 therein that accepts the upper capped end of the tube T.
  • This structure defines a compact, cartridge-like adapter 10 4 for the tube T.
  • the tube T is retained in the outboard segment 14 4 with the capped end of the tube T received in the pocket 76 4 therein. This disposition is believed to facilitate handling of the tube T.
  • Such an adapter may be useful in converting a vertical angle rotor to a rotor having a "near vertical" cavity orientation.
  • the mating surfaces of the segments in such a case will lie in a plane that contains the axis of the recess, said plane also being inclined with respect to the axis of the adapter. These mating surfaces of such an adapter need not, therefore, align with the plane perpendicular to a radius extending from the axis of rotation of the rotor through the center of the cavity, as is the case in connection with the preferred embodiment of this aspect of the invention as shown in Figures 10 through 12.
  • FIGs 13, 14, 15 and 16 illustrate another modified configuration for a compact, cartridge-like adapter 10 4 similar to that shown in Figures 12A and 12B.
  • the adaptor 10 4 includes adapter segments 12 4 , 14 4 , each of which has an exterior surface 16 4 and a mating surface 18 4 thereon.
  • the exterior surface 16 4 has a cylindrical configuration similar to the adaptor of Figure 11C (without the resilient extensions 58 4 and 60 4 ) and is thus insertable in a correspondingly shaped cylindrical rotor cavity 40 v ( Figure 16).
  • the mating surfaces 18 4 include those planar surfaces of the adapter segments 12 4 , 14 4 that align in the plane 68 (perpendicular to the radius of the rotor 42 4 ) when the adapter is received within the rotor, as well as planar lateral surfaces that extend generally perpendicular thereto.
  • the former are indicated in the Figures by the characterl8 4 and 18 4 ' respectively.
  • the mating surface 18 4 in each segment is provided with an indentation 28 4 that cooperate to define a recess 30 4 sized to accept a centrifuge tube T therein.
  • in the adapter 10 4 of Figures 13 through 16 only one segment, e. g., the inboard segment 12 4 , exhibits the requisite effective weight to insure that the mating surfaces 18 4 on the inboard segment 12 4 and the outboard segment 14 4 remain in contact during operation of the rotor so that no gap therebetween may form.
  • a portion of the upper surface 22 4 of the outboard segment 14 4 is removed to define the channel 70 4 therein.
  • the upper surface 22 4 of the inboard segment 12 4 is provided with the projecting flange 72 4 that is shaped in correspondence to the channel 70 4 .
  • the lateral portions 18 4 ' of the mating surfaces 18 4 on the inboard segment 12 4 are arranged to slidably engage the corresponding lateral portions 18 4 ' of the mating surfaces 18 4 ' on the outboard segment 14 4 .
  • the undersurface of the flange 72 4 may have a pocket 76 4 therein that accepts the upper capped end of the tube T.
  • the projecting flange 72 4 on the upper surface 22 4 of the inboard segment 12 4 has gripping serrations 80 4 provided thereon. These gripping serrations 80 4 facilitate manipulations of the segments.
  • the presence of the serrations 80 4 serves as a visual indicator key which both identifies the inboard segment and aligns the mating surfaces 18 4 of the adapter segments 12 4 , 14 4 in the plane 68.
  • a portion 82 4 of the flange 72 4 also projects forward!
  • the segments 12 4 , 14 4 may be hinged. Since the serrated flange 72 4 is located at the upper end of the cartridge adaptor 10 4 a more convenient form of hinge arrangement 26 4 is shown in Figures 13 and 14.
  • the hinge arrangement 26 4 includes a pair of stub-like axles 86 4 disposed opposed lateral surface portions 18 4' of the mating surface 18 4 of the inboard segment 12 4 .
  • the hinge arrangement 26 4 further includes a pair of trunnion recesses 88 4 provided on the opposed confronting lateral surface portions 18 4 ' of the mating surface 18 4 of the outboard segment 14 4 .
  • the stub-like axles 86 4 on the inboard segment 12 4 snappingly engage into the trunnion recesses 88 4 on the outboard segment 14 4 .
  • the axis 26 A 4 of the hinge 26 4 is perpendicular to the axis of the adapter 10 4 and supports the relative pivotal movement, about the hinge axis 26A 4 of the segment 12 4 , 14 4 with respect to the other from an open to a mated position.
  • the adapter 10 4 of Figures 13-16 may be fabricated of the same material as used for the adapter 10 4 of Figures 12 A, 12B.
  • Such an adapter may be useful in converting a vertical angle rotor to a rotor having a "near vertical" cavity orientation.
  • the mating surfaces of the segments in such a case will lie in a plane that contains the axis of the recess, said plane also being inclined with respect to the axis of the adapter.

Landscapes

  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

Un adaptateur pour un tube de centrifugation (T) comprend deux segments (124) (144) pouvant être articulés le long d'un axe d'articulation perpendiculaire à l'axe de l'adaptateur.
PCT/US1992/003813 1989-11-07 1992-05-06 Adaptateur pour tube de centrifugation WO1992019382A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP92913835A EP0584277B1 (fr) 1991-05-06 1992-05-06 Adaptateur pour tube de centrifugation
DE69224289T DE69224289T2 (de) 1991-05-06 1992-05-06 Adapter für zentrifugenrohr
US08/140,057 US5399144A (en) 1989-11-07 1992-05-06 Centrifuge tube adapter

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US69587191A 1991-05-06 1991-05-06
US695,871 1991-05-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1992019382A1 true WO1992019382A1 (fr) 1992-11-12

Family

ID=24794774

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1992/003813 WO1992019382A1 (fr) 1989-11-07 1992-05-06 Adaptateur pour tube de centrifugation

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0584277B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2777283B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2102320A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69224289T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1992019382A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0626207A2 (fr) * 1993-05-27 1994-11-30 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Adaptateur pour supporter une paire de tubes de centrifugation
EP0626206A2 (fr) * 1993-05-27 1994-11-30 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Adaptateur pour tube de centrifugation
CN102712889A (zh) * 2009-12-18 2012-10-03 日本国立癌症研究中心 离心分离用容器、离心分离用容器的姿态保持用适配器和离心分离用用具
CN105289856A (zh) * 2014-06-06 2016-02-03 热电子Led有限公司 用于离心机的样品容器的适配器、适配器组及离心分离系统

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6431438B2 (ja) * 2015-04-28 2018-11-28 株式会社フコク 遠心分離用容器の姿勢保持用アダプタ

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3674197A (en) * 1970-09-08 1972-07-04 Sorvall Inc Ivan Washing means for flexible bags in split enclosures
US4306676A (en) * 1980-04-17 1981-12-22 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Tube holder for centrifuge rotor
US4692137A (en) * 1985-04-03 1987-09-08 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Split tube centrifuge rotor adapter

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3674197A (en) * 1970-09-08 1972-07-04 Sorvall Inc Ivan Washing means for flexible bags in split enclosures
US4306676A (en) * 1980-04-17 1981-12-22 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Tube holder for centrifuge rotor
US4692137A (en) * 1985-04-03 1987-09-08 Beckman Instruments, Inc. Split tube centrifuge rotor adapter

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP0584277A4 *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0626207A2 (fr) * 1993-05-27 1994-11-30 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Adaptateur pour supporter une paire de tubes de centrifugation
EP0626206A2 (fr) * 1993-05-27 1994-11-30 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Adaptateur pour tube de centrifugation
EP0626206A3 (fr) * 1993-05-27 1995-05-17 Du Pont Adaptateur pour tube de centrifugation.
EP0626207A3 (fr) * 1993-05-27 1995-05-17 Du Pont Adaptateur pour supporter une paire de tubes de centrifugation.
US5935052A (en) * 1993-05-27 1999-08-10 Sorvall Products, L.P. Adapter for centrifuge tube
CN102712889A (zh) * 2009-12-18 2012-10-03 日本国立癌症研究中心 离心分离用容器、离心分离用容器的姿态保持用适配器和离心分离用用具
CN105289856A (zh) * 2014-06-06 2016-02-03 热电子Led有限公司 用于离心机的样品容器的适配器、适配器组及离心分离系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0584277A1 (fr) 1994-03-02
DE69224289T2 (de) 1998-09-10
DE69224289D1 (de) 1998-03-05
EP0584277A4 (fr) 1994-11-30
JP2777283B2 (ja) 1998-07-16
CA2102320A1 (fr) 1992-11-07
JPH06511187A (ja) 1994-12-15
EP0584277B1 (fr) 1998-01-28

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