Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
  • C07H7/00—Compounds containing non-saccharide radicals linked to saccharide radicals by a carbon-to-carbon bond
  • C07H7/06—Heterocyclic radicals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
  • C07H3/00—Compounds containing only hydrogen atoms and saccharide radicals having only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
  • C07H3/02—Monosaccharides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
  • C07H3/00—Compounds containing only hydrogen atoms and saccharide radicals having only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
  • C07H3/08—Deoxysugars; Unsaturated sugars; Osones
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
  • C12N9/88—Lyases (4.)
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
  • C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
  • C12P19/02—Monosaccharides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
  • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
  • C12P7/40—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group including Peroxycarboxylic acids
  • C12P7/58—Aldonic, ketoaldonic or saccharic acids
  • C12P7/60—2-Ketogulonic acid

Definitions

• Diastereomerically pure ketoses and their 1-orthophosphate esters The invention describes a general process for the preparation of enantio- and diastereomerically pure ketoses by enzymatic reaction of aldehydes with dihydroxyacetone phosphate in the presence of optionally four different aldolases. These products and their derivatives are of interest as low-calorie sweeteners, as components or precursors of active pharmaceutical ingredients such as antibiotics or
• Dihydroxyacetone phosphate or D-fructose-l, 6-diphosphate and triose phosphate isomerase is brought to reaction at pH 7.
• the disadvantages of this process are the limitation to a single form of diastereomeric product, namely the one with the absolute D-threo (3S, 4R) configuration, and the instability of the reaction component dihydroxyacetone phosphate at neutral or alkaline pH.
• the latter has a significantly higher stability in an acidic environment (inter alia J.P. Richard, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106 (1984) 4926-36).
• Rabbit muscle aldolase (a class 1 aldolase that requires covalent binding for substrate activation) can convert a wide range of aldehydes.
• the diastereoselectivity of the addition has only been secured for a few examples; the purity and chemical yields of the products, as well as the stability of the enzyme among the However, reaction conditions show some shortcomings.
• a D-tagatose-1,6-diphosphataldolase (class 1) isolated from staphylococci has also been described as stereochemically completely unselective (DL Bissett and RL
• the object of the invention is therefore to propose a broadly applicable enzymatic process with which all four possible diastereomers can be prepared under mild reaction conditions in a highly diastereoselective manner and thus with high chemical and optical purity.
• the invention relates to a process for the preparation of enantio- and diastereomerically pure ketoses by reacting aldehydes with dihydroxyacetone phosphate in the presence of an enzyme in an aqueous medium and subsequent hydrolysis, characterized in that the one to be derived from the aldehydes
• the respective ketose-1-phosphates are prepared in an aqueous medium at a pH such that sufficient stability, in particular of the second reaction component dihydroxyacetone phosphate, and high enzymatically catalyzed reaction rate are guaranteed while maintaining the typical diastereoselectivity.
• Fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase S. a. Baldwin et al.
• Fuculose-1-phosphataldolase M.A. Ghalambor and E.C. Heath, J. Biol. Chem. 237 (1962) 2427-33;
• the optimal pH range is determined by the stability of the aldehyde substrates, but is preferably pH 6.4 to 6.7.
• the aqueous medium can optionally improve the solubility of lipophilic aldehydes up to a maximum of 50 vol.% Organic cosolvent such as lower aliphatic alcohols
• the stability of the enzymes in aqueous solution can optionally be increased by adding small amounts (concentrations up to 1 mM) of heavy metal salts such as Zn 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ or Mn 2+ acetate or formate. Higher concentrations can lead to the precipitation of phosphates.
• Other anions e.g. chloride, bromide, sulfate
• Zinc or cobalt acetate is preferably used in a concentration of 0.4 to 0.5 mM.
• a measurable increase in activity is also achieved by adding alkali metal ions, preferably K + (e.g. as KOAc).
• an inert gas atmosphere nitrogen, argon
• degassed solvent water, cosolvent
• thiols e.g. mercaptoethanol, cysteine
• Glutathione 0.5 to 10 mM worked.
• the use of soluble enzymes facilitates the dosing and determination of the residual activities.
• immobilization on solid supports e.g. B. an.Eupergit R C, also advantageously increase the stability of the four above-mentioned enzymes.
• the reaction temperature can be between - 5 ° C and 40 ° C
• all substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic (type A or B), heteroaromatic (type C) and hetero ⁇ yclic (type D) aldehydes which are substrates for the aldolases, can be diastereomerically pure in their presence with dihydroxyacetone phosphate
• Ketose-1-phosphates selectable absolute configuration can be implemented.
• Of particular interest is (partially) hydroxylated aliphatic aldehydes with regard to the use of the ketose products or their derivatives in the pharmaceutical field.
• types A and B are, for example, acet-, propion-, n- or i-butyraldehyde, hydrocinnamon, hydratrop, or phenylacetaldehyde, glycol,
• C 6 monosaccharides and especially their 2-deoxy derivatives such as 2-deoxytetrose, -ribose, -glucose or galactose; for type C pyridine, pyrazine, pyrazole, imidazole or pyrrole carbaldehyde; for type D tetrahydrofuran, thiazolidine or oxazolidine carbaldehyde, as well as acetone or formaldehyde acetals of glycerol or dihydroxybutyraldehyde.
• 2-deoxy derivatives such as 2-deoxytetrose, -ribose, -glucose or galactose
• type C pyridine pyrazine, pyrazole, imidazole or pyrrole carbaldehyde
• type D tetrahydrofuran thiazolidine or oxazolidine carbaldehyde
• the products can advantageously be isolated by precipitation as barium salts, absorption on anion exchangers and / or crystallization as cyclohexalammonium, (di (cyclohexyl) ammonium or lithium salts.
• the free ketoses or derivatives are obtained by known processes for the hydrolysis of the phosphate esters enzymatic hydrolysis by acidic or alkaline phosphatase is used in the pH range from 5 to 7 or 8 to 9 and at temperatures between 25 and 30 ° C, since chemical hydrolysis requires more drastic conditions (lower or higher pH, higher temperatures), which leads to partial decomposition or isomerization of the products.
• R 7 CH 3 , CH 2 CH 3 , benzyl
• R 8 COCH 3
• R 1 H or CH 3
• R 2 H, CH 3 , CH 2 OH, CHO, CH 2 O alkyl, COOH,
• the acidic product solution (after ion exchange, before neutralization) was diluted to 150 ml and adjusted to pH 6.0. After addition of acid phosphatase (5 mg, approx. 250 U), the mixture was left to stand at 25 ° C. and the reaction was monitored by thin layer chromatography. After 48 hours the reaction was complete, the solution was desalted (Dowex W50-X8 / H + and 1-X8 / OH-) and the solvent was removed on a rotary evaporator. Then the residue
• Triethylammonium bicarbonate buffer 200 mM isolated and crystallized as bis (cyclohexalammoium) salt. Chemical yield: 368 mg (86% of theory). Enantio- or diastereomeric purity: »99% / ⁇ 97%.
• reaction mixture is acidified directly with Dowex 50W-X8 / H + (15 mL), neutralized with cyclohexalamine and the solvent is removed on a rotary evaporator in vacuo.
• Residue was crystallized from 95% ethanol to the bis (cyclohexylammonium) salt. Chemical yield: 2215 mg (95% of theory
• Diastereomeric purity »99% / ⁇ 97%.
• Eupergit R immobilized rhamnulose-1-phosphataldolase (1.0 g, approx. 20 U) was carried out with mechanical stirring of the reaction solution. The reaction was complete after 24 hours. The product was isolated as the bis (cyclohexylammonium) salt. Chemical yield: 1925 mg (84% of theory). Enantio- or
• Diastereomeric purity »99% / ⁇ 97%.

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• 1991
  • 1991-04-12 DE DE4111971A patent/DE4111971C1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1992
  • 1992-04-07 WO PCT/EP1992/000781 patent/WO1992018640A1/de not_active Ceased

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