Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
  • E04H6/00—Buildings for parking cars, rolling-stock, aircraft, vessels or like vehicles, e.g. garages
  • E04H6/08—Garages for many vehicles
  • E04H6/10—Garages for many vehicles without mechanical means for shifting or lifting vehicles, e.g. with helically-arranged fixed ramps, with movable ramps
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
  • E04B1/04—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
  • E04B1/043—Connections specially adapted therefor
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
  • E04B1/20—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stonelike material
  • E04B1/21—Connections specially adapted therefor
  • E04B1/215—Connections specially adapted therefor comprising metallic plates or parts

Definitions

• Multi-storey car park with floors comprising prefabricated slabs.
• the invention relates to a multi-storey car park with floors comprising prefabricated, mutually parallel slabs situated transversely to the longitudinal direction of the building, and comprising, between juxtaposed slabs, joints extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the building, in which the slabs rest on and are anchored to columns constituted by superjacent column members, load carrying cores being spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the building.
• the floors may, in dependence on the location of the building site have summer temperatures at 30 to 40oC and winter temperatures at -20oC. Since the floors are restrained between the rigid cores they are unable to expand freely and large stresses therefore occur in the floors. These stresses cause formation of cracks in the concrete. As a consequence, water, possibly mixed with deicing salt, may penetrate into the cracks, giving there rise to corrosion and deterioration of the reinforcement. Moreover, frost damages or chemical decomposition of the concrete may occur by water penetrating into the cracks.
• US patent No. 3,983,673 deals with a building of the above mentioned type, in which the slabs are formed as rectangular concrete slabs which at the corners have cast-in metallic brackets to which column members are welded which consist of steel pipes of quadratic cross-section.
• the building obtains its stability in that juxtaposed columns of adjacent members are welded together at the slab, so that the longitudinal edges of the assembled floor constitute rigid beams.
• Said beams transfer horizontal forces to the ends of the building which acts as load carrying cores, as the column members here are stronger, and the gables and a part of the longitudinal vertical sides are provided with diagonal cross braces.
• shear keys impeding reciprocal movement of the slabs in the direction of the joint and in the direction perpendicular to the joint.
• the car park according to the invention differs from the prior art car parks in that the joints allow the slabs to move freely towards and away from each other in the longitudinal direction of the building, that locking means are affixed in the joints to prevent reciprocal longitudinal displacement of the slab edges, that the column members have a large stiffness in the longitudinal direction of the building, and that at least one slab in each storey is secured to a load carrying core.
• each floor is composed of individual slabs, each of which is capable of expanding freely in dependence on the ambient temperature, the building being at the same time stable against external stresses, mainly in the form of horizontal wind forces.
• each slab is supported at the ends by a column member, thereby forming a framework that may be taken to be hinged at the head and base of the column member. Due to the rigidity of the column members in the longitudinal direction of the building, the frames are stable against tipping over in said direction.
• each twentieth to thirtieth frame may in dependence on the height and width of the building be rigidly connected with and retained by a load carrying core.
• the thermal expansion of the slabs in the longitudinal direction as well as in the transverse direction may freely take place. Said thermal expansion is not totalized as regards the length of the building but is absorbed in the joints between the lateral edges of the individual slabs.
• the joints may be sealed in a known manner with flexible joint filler.
• the stability of the building is obtained in that the transverse slabs are prevented from being mutually displaced along their intermediate joints, that some slabs are retained by a load carrying core and that the column members supporting the slabs are stable in the longitudinal direction of the building.
• the floors do not comprise any components extending through the building in the longitudinal direction and all involved components may freely and with no risk of crack formation expand and contract due to variation in temperature.
• each column member is shaped as a vertical plate the height of which at least corresponds to the distance between the floors, the width of which at the column head and the column base substantially corresponds to the width of the slab, the plane of which is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the building.
• This design makes the column member stable against tipping over in its own plane, because an initiating tipping-over entails that the common centre of gravity of the column member and the supported part of the slab will be lifted. If the weight ⁇ f said parts is sufficiently large in comparison with the tipping moment, the column member will be stable with no need for supplementary anchoring thereof, e.g. by means of welding or continuous tension rods.
• the multi-storey car park is characterized in that prefabricated, secondary slabs are interposed between adjacent slabs.
• prefabricated, secondary slabs are interposed between adjacent slabs.
• the individual slabs were arranged closely side by side. It is, however, possible by using current prefabricated members to omit for instance every other frame and to cover the interspaces occurring between the primary slabs with light prefabricated secondary slabs, e.g. of concrete.
• the locking means are situated between the edges of the primary slabs and the adjcacent edges of the secondary slabs, thereby ensuring that shearing forces may be transferred through the floor to the rigid load carrying cores. This permits both increased openness of the plan layout and freedom in selecting throughfares while the consumption of building material may be reduced considerably and the erection work substantially facilitated.
• the locking means may be angular, flat iron brackets whose one leg is cast into the longitudinal edge of the primary or secondary slab and whose other leg is situated parallel to and close to this edge and is welded to a corresponding angle leg in an adjacent longitudinal edge of a primary or secondary slab.
• Said locking means are well suited to be embedded by casting during the manufacture of e.g. prefabricated slabs of concrete, and the welding on the building site offers a quick and secure connection. After welding, the joint between the edges of the slab edges is filled with resilient joint filler, thereby preventing water from penetrating to the locking means.
• a further embodiment of the multi-storey car park according to the invention is characterized in that between the joint of a primary slab and the head of a column member there are wedges, preferably of nyIon, embedded between adjacent, substantially vertical sides of the column member and the slab.
• the horizontal forces in the floor may thus in a suitable manner be transferred to the column member in well defined points.
• Claim 6 deals with a further appropriate embodiment of the car park according to the invention.
• Fig. 1 illustrates a car park according to the invention
• Fig. 2 is another car park according to the invention with secondary slabs
• Fig. 3 shows a car park as in Fig. 2, but with several floors
• Fig. 4 is a facade column member viewed from outside
• Fig. 5 is the column member in Fig. 4, viewed from above,
• Fig. 6 is the column member in Fig. 4, viewed from below,
• Fig. 7 shows an intermediate column member in a side elevation
• Fig. 8 shows the column member in Fig. 7, viewed from above
• Fig. 9 shows the column member in Fig. 7, viewed from below
• Fig. 10 is a sectional view of two superjacent intermediate column members showing the joint between the column members and a primary slab and the positioning of a secondary slab
• Fig. 11 is a sectional view along the broken line XI-XI in Fig. 10,
• Fig. 12 is a sectional view of two primary slabs with a locking means
• Fig. 13 is a sectional view along the line XIII-XIII in Fig. 12.
• the car park in Fig. 1 includes two load carrying cores 1 and la which in the illustrated example are designed as staircase towers cast in situ from reinforced concrete and a number of mutually parallel prefabricated slabs 3 positioned transversely to the longitudinal direction of the building and resting at the ends on slab-like column members 2.
• the primary slabs have the shape of a U with downwards facing flanges, so-called T-T-members.
• the top flange of the member has at either end a recess allowing the column head on the supporting column member to reach the level of the upper side of the top flange.
• Locking means or shear keys 19 that will be described in detail in the following are mounted in the joints between juxtaposed slabs 3 and prevent the slabs 3 from mutual displacement in their longitudinal direction.
• Each load carrying core 1, 1a is rigidly connected with a slab 3.
• the position of the load carrying core in relation to the slab is not critical and a core may as shown be arranged at the end of the slab (core 1 and la) or at the side (core la) of the slab.
• втори ⁇ slabs between the primary slabs In view of the fact that the load on a floor in a car park is comparatively low it is possible to insert light, secondary slabs between the primary slabs.
• every other slab with associated column members is replaced by two rectangular, substantially plane, secondary slabs 4 the sides of which rest in recesses in the sides of the adjacent primary slabs 3.
• the secondary slabs may be made from prefabricated concrete elements.
• the car park in Fig. 3 is constructed from primary slabs 3 resting on column members 2 and with intermediate secondary slabs 4, in the same manner as in the car park in Fig. 2, the car park in Fig. 3 comprising, however, two storeys.
• the column members 2 in the upper storey rest directly on the column members in the storey below and the plane external surfaces of the column members constitute the facade of the building.
• the car park in Fig. 3 has a load carrying core 1 and 1a, e.g. a staircase tower 1 or a ramp 1a.
• All of the column members 2 in the illustrated car park consist of mainly rectangular plane, prefabricated slabs of concrete.
• Fig. 4 shows a typical facade column member 2 in the column head of which there are provided recesses 6 at either side with shoulders 5 on which the flanges of slab 3 may rest.
• a bearing plate 7 At the top of the column member 2 there is at either side cast a bearing plate 7 with a hole for receiving a guide pin 10 on a correspondingly cast-in bearing plate 9 at the column base of a superjacent column member 2.
• At either side of the column head there is a minor wedgeshaped cutout 17 adjoining the side of the recess 6. Said cutouts 17 are intended to receive wedges 24 transferring horizontal forces from the primary slabs to the column member.
• the column base At the internal side of the column member the column base has a recess 11 provided with a slot with a downwards facing plane surface 12 forming the upper side of the joint against a subjacent primary slab when the column is assembled with a subjacent column
• Figs 1 to 3 show car parks in which each slab extends from one facade of the building to the opposite facade transversely to the longitudinal direction of the building. In larger car parks, however, there may transversely to the longitudinal direction of the building be more slabs positioned in alignment of each other.
• the ends of the primary slabs at the facades are supported by facade column members as shown in Fig. 4, while intermediate column members are used for supporting the ends of two adjacent slabs, as shown in Fig. 7.
• the intermediate column member is like the facade column member structured as a substantially rectangular plane, prefabricated slab of concrete.
• the head of the column member has recesses 6 at either side with shoulders 5 on which the flanges of slabs 3 may rest.
• a cast-in bearing plate 7 with a hole 8 to receive a guide pin 10 from a correspondingly cast-in bearing plate 9 at the column base of a superjacent column member 22.
• the column base is composed in the same manner as the facade column member, the recess 11 with the downwards facing plane surface 12 extending, however, all the way about the column.
• Fig. 10 somewhat schematically shows the joint between two intermediate column members and the associated primary slabs.
• the figure shows part of the column head of an intermediate column member with a bearing plate 7 on which an superjacent intermediate column member 22 rests via its bearing plate 9 with guide pin 10 sticking into hole 8 in the subjacent bearing plate 7.
• To the left in the figure the endface of the downwards facing flange of a primary slab 3 is seen.
• the lower edge of the flange rests via a bearing plate 14 of rubber on shoulder 5 of the lowermost column member 22.
• a wedge 24 abutting on the internal side of the downwards facing flange of slab 3 is disposed in the wedgeshaped cutout 17 of the column head.
• the two adjacent flange ends are kept together in the primary slabs by means of a bar 16 inserted after the slabs have been mounted on the column and welded to anchoring brackets, not shown, embedded in the upper side of the flange ends.
• the ends of the slabs resting on facade column members are in a similar way fastened to anchoring brackets embedded in the column head by welding after mounting.
• a section of a secondary slab 4 Is seen which with its edge rests in a longitudinal recess 13 in the longitudinal edge of the prlnary slab.
• a large number of bearing pads 15 of rubber is Inserted between the secondary slab 4 and the primary slab 3.
• the bearing pads 15 must be precisely positioned so that the forces transferred from the secondary slab to the primary slab are uniformly distributed and in order to ensure this positioning the bearing pads may be embedded in the mould prior to casting the secondary slab.
• Figs 12 and 13 illustrate an embodiment of a shear key.
• the shear key consists of two pieces of angularly flat iron 19 whose one leg extends in parallel with the joint 18 between the slabs and whose other leg is perpendicular to the joint and is embedded in the slab. The latter leg is anchored in the slab by means of an anchor 21 welded thereon and made from a reinforcing iron bar. After the slabs have been mounted the two adjacent angle legs of a shear key are welded together as shown by 20.
• Several shear keays are used at each longitudinal edge of a slab and the shear keys are arranged so that substantially half of the keys is subjected to tensile stress, irrespective of the direction of the load exerted on the slabs.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
• Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
• Road Paving Structures (AREA)

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Citations (13)

• 1990
  • 1990-07-12 DK DK168290A patent/DK167451B1/da not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1991
  • 1991-07-10 WO PCT/DK1991/000199 patent/WO1992001133A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 1991-07-10 DE DE69116333T patent/DE69116333T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1991-07-10 EP EP91913393A patent/EP0491925B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (13)

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