WO1991018175A1

WO1991018175A1 - Window

Info

Publication number: WO1991018175A1
Application number: PCT/FI1991/000137
Authority: WO
Inventors: Mauno Tuomisto
Original assignee: Mauno Tuomisto
Priority date: 1990-05-21
Filing date: 1991-05-03
Publication date: 1991-11-28
Also published as: DK0534984T3; JPH05507131A; DE69115484D1; FI96050C; DE69115484T2; FI925065A0; NO924410D0; RU2069729C1; FI96050B; NO924410L; FI925065A; FI902484A; EP0534984A1; FI902484A0; CA2083506A1; AU7749291A; ATE131570T1; EP0534984B1

Abstract

The invention relates to a window comprising a casing (1) and one or more frames (2a, 2b, 2c) fastened to said casing and carrying the glazing panes (3) and in which the opposing faces of the frames and the surrounding casing are at an oblique angle with respect to the plane of the glazing. In the window built according to this invention, the cross-sectional sides (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) of the frame (2) form a square or a lozenge-shaped quadrangle located at an oblique angle with respect to the glazing plane and symmetrically around the whole glazing, the frame sections having four mainly similar faces which may be located at alternate positions with respect to the casing or a neighbouring frame. This kind of window offers a number of functional, technical, and applicational advantages in comparison with the window types currently in use.

Description

WINDOW

This invention relates to a window comprising a casing and one or more frames fastened to said casing and carrying the clazing panes and in which the opposing faces of the frames and the surrounding casing are at an oblique angle with respect to the plane of the glazing fixed in said frames.

Normally, the outer casing and the pane-carrying frames of windows are built so that each face of the casing butting against the respective frontal face of the frame is mainly at right angles with respect to the transverse direction of the casing, and the frame is partially embedded within the casing when the window is shut. This structure implies a narrow clearance between the frame and the casing required by the turning arc of the window, enabling the window to be opened and shut. An efficient sealing of these windows is difficult and their expansion with increased humidity often results in problems such as stuck frames. Moreover, these windows are rather complex in their element profiles and in their methods of manufacture. In connection with restoration work, when the windows are to be replaced with new ones, the old casing must be removed and the adjoining structures must be partially broken down, resulting in increased amount of work and costs. Special window designs also exist where the opposing faces of the casing and frame elements are mounted at an oblique angle with respect to the plane of the window. These special window structures are rather complex and hence difficult to apply to conventional building practices.

The object of this invention is to introduce a novel window design which is simple both in its structure and in its manufacturing technique and which allows the assembly of different window types using a reduced number of standard elements. Likewise, this invention is aimed at introducing a window design which makes it possible to eliminate many of the problems associated with present-day windows; in other words, a window design which offers reliability of operation, ease of maintenance, good sealing and durability properties and which can be mounted in place without remo¬ ving the existing casings when carrying out restoration or repair work.

The object of the invention is achieved by a window charac¬ terized by the specifications presented hereinafter in the claims.

In a window according to the invention, the cross-sectional sides of the frame elements form a right-angled square or a lozenge-shaped quadrangle which is located symmetrically and at an oblique angle with respect to the window pane; thus the frame has four mainly similar elementswhich may op¬ tionally be set in different positions with respect to the casing or the adjoining frame elements. In such a design, each frame element is turned about its longitudinal axis so as to achieve an oblique attitude with respect to the ca- sing, and this diagonall profiled frame is attached to the casing by the means of conventional fixing methods such as hinges or other universally known fixtures. All this makes it possible to provide a frame profile which is simple and universal in its section, allowing the assembly of all window types from the same series of basic sections. Among other advantages, said design reduces the number of diffe¬ rent sections to a minimum, and the same simple sections may be used freely as structural menbers one any side of the frame. The amount of necessary elements is creatly reduced in comparison with previously existing windows.For example, a stock range made up of pairs of frame elements in six different lengths makes it possible to build altogether 36 differently sized frame sets which in turn may be used in 360 windows of varying dimensions and types. Mounting of fittings and fixtures on these windows is easy. Locking de¬ vices are surfacemounted thus making them reliable and easy to operate. A window built in accordance with this invention is easy to open and shut, and a possible expansion of the structural materials never results in a stuck window. Narrow windows, both vertically and horizontally pivoted, are also easy to open. When repairs or renewals are necessa- ry, the new frames can be mounted into the existing casings with the aid of small-sized middle casing, thus eleminating the necessity to remove serviceale old casings or to deste- roy adjoining structures.

Both single and double glazing can be used in the same frame sections. It is also important to note that the same frame itself can be fixed onto the casing in two optional positions (turned 180^β with respect to each other) so that the clazing bead may face either the exterior or the inte- rior according to climatic or aesthetic requirements. The slanting frame surfaces guarantee a fast runoff of rainwater thus allowing the elements to dry quickly. Its reliability of operation and the shape of its structural sections make this window easy to wash and clean. The exterior faces of the timber sections of this window can easily be protected with metal or plastic strips using simple cladding techi- ques. Likewise, repainting and/or paint patching is easy to perform thanks to the simple shape of the sections.

In a window structure built according to this invention, the maximum stiffness of the frame elements as well as a high stiffness of linkage between adjoining elements can be achieved in the main stress directions. The simple cross- sectional shape and the uniformity of the elements in both the frame and the casing on all sides of the window, i.e. in the head element, base element, and side posts make it possible use easy-to-assemble and strong corner joints with advantageous and good-looking 45° mitred visible seams and symmetrical jointing tongues and grooves; thus the machined jointing ends of all the frame elements as well as those of all the casing elements are exactly similar. Thanks to the uniformity of all the four sides of the window, it can be used either as a vertically or as a horizontally hinged model. With a simple modification of the exterior glazing bead, this design can also be used in slanting windows with 60° to 90° inclinations. The frames and casings are manufac- tured using appropriate materials such as timber, plastic, metal, etc.

The invention is described below in greater detail and with reference to the attached set of drawings where Figures 1 to 6 show cross-sections of various advantageous window designs carried out in accordance with this invention where the frame element cross-section is a square whose sides are at 45° angles with respect to the plane of the window, and Figure 7 shows a cross-section of an advantageous window application designed according to this invention where the frame element cross-section is lozenge-shaped quadrangle.

In the applications shown in Figures 1 to 6, frame elements 2a, 2b, 2c have a mainly square cross section. This cross- sectional square is at a 45^* angle with respect to the plane of the glazing 3. Casing element 1 has one or more oblique faces 5, 5a, 5b at 45° angles to the glazing, and the frame or frame elements 2a, 2b, 2σ are fixed to the casing in such a way that generally one of the four sides of the frame is positioned against the oblique face of the casing, i.e., the frame^'s cross-sectional square is at an oblique angle with respect to the transverse direction of the casing. Glazing 3 is fixed to recesses made in the inner corner of each frame element so that the plane of the glazing and the faces of the frame are at 45° angles with respect to each other. One of the outer faces 4a, 4b of the frame is generally directly opposed to the built-in casing when the window is shut. In certain applications (double frame), the inner faces 4c, 4d of the frame elements are located against one of the outer faces 4a, 4b of the adjoining frame. Figures 1 and 2 show two examples of a window comprising two frames 2a, 2b which are attached to each other. In the design shown in Fig.l, both frames carry a single glazing whereas in the design shown in Fig. 2 the interior frame 2b carries a double glazing so as to provide a triple-glazed window with enhanced insulation properties. The glazing panes 3 are conventionally fixed to the respective frames with the aid of strips 6. The base of the exterior frame has a glazing bead 7 made of metal or plastic which reaches beyond the edge of the frame element at the base of the glazing, forming a drip edge and providing a protective facing for the frame element. The exterior frame 2a has smaller overall dimensions than the interior frame 2b. When the window is shut, the outwardfacing inner-perimeter face 4d of the interior frame is located opposite to the inward- facing outer-perimeter face 4b of the exterior frame. Natu¬ rally, the other outerperimeter faces 4a of both frames are located against the oblique face of the respective casing. The windows shown in these figures are of the inward opening type. Sealing material 8 is located in the narrow spaces between window frames 2a and 2b as well as between these same frames and the built-in casing 1. In other possible applications the windows are similarly provided with appro¬ priate sealing and beading elements.

Figure 3 shows a window design comprising two singleglazed frames where frame 2a opens outward and frame 2b opens inward. In this application, the same casing is used as in Figure 2, and thus both the inward and the outward facing oblique sides of the casing are located opposite to the outer perimeter faces of the both frames. When the window is shut, the inward facing outer-perimeter face 4b of the exterior frame 2a is located against casing face 5a, and the outward-facing outer-perimeter face 4a of the interior frame 2b is located against casing face 5b. Sealing material is located in the narrow spaces between both frames and the built in casing. In the application shown in Figure 4 the window has two inward opening frames; the exterior frame 2a carries a single glazing while the interior frame 2b carries a double glazing. These two frames are at a certain distance from each other owing to the fact that the casing is provided with two oblique faces 5a, 5b separated by straight section 9 in between. The outward-facing outerperimeter faces 4a of both frames are located against the oblique faces of the casing.

In the design shown in Figure 5 the window includes three inward opening frames 2a, 2b, 2c each provided with single glazing 3. The structure of casing 1 is identical to the design shown previoously in Figure 4. The outward-facing outer-perimeter faces 4a of the innermost and the outermost frames are located against the oblique casing faces 5a, 5b. The inward-facing outer-perimeter face 4b of the middle frame 2c is located against the outward-facing inner-perime¬ ter face 4d of the innermost frame 2b and these two frames are attached to each other to an advantage. Sealing material 8 is also used between the middle frame and the innermost frame.

The window design shown in Figure 6 is similar to the window presented in the previous figure in that it comprises three frames 2a, 2b, 2c each with single glazing 3. The outermost frame 2a is outward opening while the other two are inward opening. The inward-facing outer-perimeter face 4b of the outermost frame is located against the oblique face 5a of casing 1, and the outwardfacing outer-perimeter face 4a of the innermost frame 2b is located against the oblique casing face 5b. As in the design shown in Figure 5, the middle frame and the innermost frame are attached to each other. The oblique faces 5a, 5b of the casing are at an angle with respect to each other, and the outward-facing outer-perime¬ ter face 4a of the middle frame 2c is partially located against the oblique casing face 5b. Figure 7 shows a window design where the frame elements have a lozenge-shaped quadrangular cross section. The angle of obliqueness of the casing faces corresponds with that of said lozenge, and the outward-facing outer-perimeter faces 4a of the two frames 2a, 2b are both located against the oblique face 5 of casing 1. The outward-facing inner-perime¬ ter face of the interior frame is located against the in¬ ward-facing outer-perimeter face of the exterior frame. In all other structural and functional respects this window is similar to the design shown previously in Figure 1. Lozenge- shaped frame section can be used to assemble window frames that are similar to those built with square-shaped sections and they permit similar advantages to be achieved. The design of the windows may vary from one application to another.

This invention is not confined to the advantageous designs shown above but its embodiment may vary within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

1. A window design comprising a casing (1) and one or more frames (2a, 2b, 2c) fastened to said casing and carrying the glazing panes (3) and in which the opposing faces of the casing and frame elements are at an oblique angle with respect to the plane of the glazing, c h a r a c t e r i ¬ z e d in that the cross-sectional sides (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) of the frame (2) form a square or a lozenge-shaped quadrangle located at an oblique angle with respect to the glazing plane and symmetrically around the whole glazing, the frame sections having four mainly similar faces which may be located at alternate positions with respect to the casing or a neigbouring frame.

2. A window design according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e ¬ r i z e d in that one of the two faces (4a, 4b) on the outer perimeter of the frame is located against an oblique face (5, 5a, 5b) provided in the casing (1).

3. A window design according to claims 1 or 2 and comprising at least two frames, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that one (4d) of the two faces on the inner perimeter of interior frame (2b) is located against an outer-perimeter face (4b) of the other frame.

4. A window design according to claim 3 and comprising three frames, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that one (4d) of the two faces on the inner perimeter of the innermost frame (2b) is located against an outer-perimeter face (4b) of the middle frame (2c).