WO1991005604A1 - Structural aggregate pigments - Google Patents
Structural aggregate pigments Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1991005604A1 WO1991005604A1 PCT/US1990/001650 US9001650W WO9105604A1 WO 1991005604 A1 WO1991005604 A1 WO 1991005604A1 US 9001650 W US9001650 W US 9001650W WO 9105604 A1 WO9105604 A1 WO 9105604A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- products according
- structural aggregate
- weight
- pigments
- pigment products
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 261
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 93
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 82
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 quaternary ammonium silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000001724 microfibril Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004380 ashing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960004029 silicic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LRCFXGAMWKDGLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O LRCFXGAMWKDGLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004908 Emulsion polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052914 metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 210000001217 buttock Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 206010061592 cardiac fibrillation Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002600 fibrillogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 description 106
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 56
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 50
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 49
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 46
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 43
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 40
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 37
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 34
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 30
- 235000010215 titanium dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 29
- 229960005196 titanium dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 29
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 23
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 21
- 229940105289 carbon black Drugs 0.000 description 21
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000008131 herbal destillate Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 11
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004606 Fillers/Extenders Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000282337 Nasua nasua Species 0.000 description 4
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 101150050192 PIGM gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 4
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- HVTHJRMZXBWFNE-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium zincate Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Na+].[Zn+2] HVTHJRMZXBWFNE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical class [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940069428 antacid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003159 antacid agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001458 anti-acid effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010952 in-situ formation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100285518 Drosophila melanogaster how gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002535 acidifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012018 catalyst precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003311 flocculating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003100 immobilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003605 opacifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000006069 physical mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001485 poly(butyl acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000867 polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WWYNJERNGUHSAO-XUDSTZEESA-N (+)-Norgestrel Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@@H]2[C@H]3CC[C@](CC)([C@](CC4)(O)C#C)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 WWYNJERNGUHSAO-XUDSTZEESA-N 0.000 description 1
- VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1CCN(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)CC1 VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282979 Alces alces Species 0.000 description 1
- 108091006522 Anion exchangers Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000726103 Atta Species 0.000 description 1
- DOELKYNPXFBFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC=1C(=C(C(=CC1)C)C)CCCCCCCCCCCC.[Cl-].C[NH+](C)C Chemical group CC=1C(=C(C(=CC1)C)C)CCCCCCCCCCCC.[Cl-].C[NH+](C)C DOELKYNPXFBFOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006873 Coates reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000518994 Conta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000896693 Disa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical class Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010020601 Hyperchlorhydria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- HOKDBMAJZXIPGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Mequitazine Chemical compound C12=CC=CC=C2SC2=CC=CC=C2N1CC1C(CC2)CCN2C1 HOKDBMAJZXIPGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000282320 Panthera leo Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001237728 Precis Species 0.000 description 1
- XDXHAEQXIBQUEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ropinirole hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CCCN(CCC)CCC1=CC=CC2=C1CC(=O)N2 XDXHAEQXIBQUEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000018936 Vitellaria paradoxa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000276425 Xiphophorus maculatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011124 aluminium ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LCQXXBOSCBRNNT-UHFFFAOYSA-K ammonium aluminium sulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LCQXXBOSCBRNNT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001448 anionic polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006318 anionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- IJBYNGRZBZDSDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium magnesium Chemical class [Mg].[Ba] IJBYNGRZBZDSDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- SMDHCQAYESWHAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benfluralin Chemical compound CCCCN(CC)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O SMDHCQAYESWHAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001045 blue dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- BULLHNJGPPOUOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CCl BULLHNJGPPOUOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012612 commercial material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019628 coolness Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- JYIMWRSJCRRYNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;disodium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Si+4] JYIMWRSJCRRYNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBYOLNPZXLHVQA-UHFFFAOYSA-J dicalcium dicarbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O HBYOLNPZXLHVQA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011363 dried mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001815 facial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008394 flocculating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002496 gastric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011167 hydrochloric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000831 ionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- GIWKOZXJDKMGQC-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead(2+);naphthalene-2-carboxylate Chemical class [Pb+2].C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21.C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21 GIWKOZXJDKMGQC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015250 liver sausages Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000239634 longleaf box Species 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPRDLRZMTVQCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium;dihydroxide;hydrate Chemical compound O.[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] GPRDLRZMTVQCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003340 mental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001457 metallic cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011146 organic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010979 pH adjustment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002587 poly(1,3-butadiene) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088417 precipitated calcium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011085 pressure filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000135 prohibitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NQLVQOSNDJXLKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N prosulfocarb Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)C(=O)SCC1=CC=CC=C1 NQLVQOSNDJXLKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BALXUFOVQVENIU-KXNXZCPBSA-N pseudoephedrine hydrochloride Chemical compound [H+].[Cl-].CN[C@@H](C)[C@@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BALXUFOVQVENIU-KXNXZCPBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001044 red dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011127 sodium aluminium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium dithionite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Inorganic materials [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBWSWDPRDBEWCR-RKJRWTFHSA-N sodium;(2r)-2-[(2r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxo-2h-furan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethanolate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O RBWSWDPRDBEWCR-RKJRWTFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003335 steric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XZPMQCKVOWVETG-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium;2-[(3-carboxylato-3-sulfonatopropanoyl)-octadecylamino]butanedioate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN(C(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O)C(=O)CC(C([O-])=O)S([O-])(=O)=O XZPMQCKVOWVETG-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XREXPQGDOPQPAH-QKUPJAQQSA-K trisodium;[(z)-18-[1,3-bis[[(z)-12-sulfonatooxyoctadec-9-enoyl]oxy]propan-2-yloxy]-18-oxooctadec-9-en-7-yl] sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].CCCCCCC(OS([O-])(=O)=O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CC(CCCCCC)OS([O-])(=O)=O)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CC(CCCCCC)OS([O-])(=O)=O XREXPQGDOPQPAH-QKUPJAQQSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000011882 ultra-fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940117958 vinyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/0081—Composite particulate pigments or fillers, i.e. containing at least two solid phases, except those consisting of coated particles of one compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/0081—Composite particulate pigments or fillers, i.e. containing at least two solid phases, except those consisting of coated particles of one compound
- C09C1/0084—Composite particulate pigments or fillers, i.e. containing at least two solid phases, except those consisting of coated particles of one compound containing titanium dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/40—Compounds of aluminium
- C09C1/42—Clays
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
- C09C3/00—Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
- C09C3/06—Treatment with inorganic compounds
- C09C3/063—Coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/80—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70
- C01P2002/84—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured data other than those specified in group C01P2002/70 by UV- or VIS- data
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/50—Agglomerated particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/51—Particles with a specific particle size distribution
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/62—Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/60—Optical properties, e.g. expressed in CIELAB-values
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
Definitions
- Hoffmann so-called silicomagnesium-aluminate-hydrate gel is factually mechanical blend of separately prepared silico-aluminate gel a a magnesium hydroxide gel, hence, fundamentally different fr true complex gels used in practicing the present invention.
- Hoffmann's antacid gel was prepared by mixi concentrated solutions of sodium silicate and an aluminum sa 1 under alkaline conditions for extended periods of time, e.g., minutes, to form a solidified silico-aluminate cogel.
- novel structural aggregate pigment products for paper fillin paper coating are manufactured synthesizing in situ complex functional microgels in aqueo dispersions of quantitatively predominant particulate matte also containing water-soluble functional adjuvants.
- the princ pal particulate raw materials for the manufacture of structur aggregate pigments include a variety of mineral and organ pigment products of the present art, as well as ultrafine whi or colorless mineral and/or organic particles with dimensio ranging from 0.01 ⁇ to 0.1 ⁇ m e.s.d.
- the flocculated slurry could be filtered right away, tho a controlled period of aging enhances the filtration rate alm invariably with all flocculated particulate systems.
- Dewater of the above slurry on a Buechner funnel at filter-cloth load of 2000 g/m 2 was extremely fast.
- 20%-sol slurry of above pigment having pH of 12 needed under above c ditions about 30 minutes for complete filtration and rinsing compared to 30 hours for a 20% solids slurry of non-aggrega raw material flocced with sulfuric acid to pH of 2.5. It worth noting that filtration of alkaline slurry of a very f particle size kaolin clay pigment would be totally impractica
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
- Transforming Light Signals Into Electric Signals (AREA)
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BR909007749A BR9007749A (pt) | 1989-10-12 | 1990-03-28 | Produtos de pigmento agregado estrutural |
| AU53532/90A AU649221B2 (en) | 1989-10-12 | 1990-03-28 | Structural aggregate pigments |
| JP90505557A JPH05506179A (ja) | 1989-10-12 | 1990-03-28 | 構造アグリゲート顔料 |
| IN186/BOM/90A IN172145B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1989-10-12 | 1990-07-20 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US42047289A | 1989-10-12 | 1989-10-12 | |
| US420,472 | 1989-10-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1991005604A1 true WO1991005604A1 (en) | 1991-05-02 |
Family
ID=23666622
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1990/001650 WO1991005604A1 (en) | 1989-10-12 | 1990-03-28 | Structural aggregate pigments |
Country Status (11)
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5152835A (en) * | 1991-05-08 | 1992-10-06 | Engelhard Corporation | Composite titania-calcined kaolin opacifying pigments and method for making and using same |
| EP0600902A4 (en) * | 1991-07-22 | 1994-11-23 | Ind Progress Inc | PIGMENT PRODUCT UNITS BASED ON TITANIUM DIOXIDE. |
| FR2774702A1 (fr) * | 1998-02-11 | 1999-08-13 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | Association a base de microfibrilles et de particules minerales preparation et utilisations |
| WO2000014331A1 (en) * | 1998-09-03 | 2000-03-16 | Ecc International Ltd | Methods of improving retention and drainage in papermaking |
| CN104530767A (zh) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-22 | 常熟市环虹化工颜料厂 | 不易褪色的颜料 |
| CN113929199A (zh) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-14 | 伊犁新天煤化工有限责任公司 | 一种利用煤气化灰渣降低煤气化废水化学需氧量的方法 |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5116418A (en) * | 1984-12-03 | 1992-05-26 | Industrial Progress Incorporated | Process for making structural aggregate pigments |
| DE102004037271A1 (de) * | 2004-07-31 | 2006-03-23 | Kronos International, Inc. | Witterungsstabiles Titandioxid-Pigment und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
| JP5365898B2 (ja) * | 2008-04-18 | 2013-12-11 | 丸住製紙株式会社 | 新聞用紙の製造方法及び新聞用紙 |
| SE543549C2 (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2021-03-23 | Stora Enso Oyj | Method for manufacturing a composition comprising microfibrillated cellulose |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2176876A (en) * | 1935-08-24 | 1939-10-24 | Nat Lead Co | Method for the preparation of composite pigments |
| US2246030A (en) * | 1937-09-18 | 1941-06-17 | Titan Co Inc | Method of dispersing titanium dioxide pigments |
| US2974108A (en) * | 1957-01-14 | 1961-03-07 | Du Pont | Aluminosilicate aquasols and their preparation |
| US3453131A (en) * | 1966-01-05 | 1969-07-01 | Oxford Paper Co | Composite colloidal pigment particles,their formation and suspensions thereof |
| US3694202A (en) * | 1970-06-05 | 1972-09-26 | Edgar W Sawyer Jr | Paper containing electroconductive pigment and use thereof |
| US4117191A (en) * | 1976-03-19 | 1978-09-26 | Westvaco Corporation | Composite silicate pigment |
| US4247420A (en) * | 1979-03-23 | 1981-01-27 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Hydrocarbon conversion catalyst preparation |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2269470A (en) * | 1939-07-27 | 1942-01-13 | Glidden Co | Process of treating pigments |
| US2913419A (en) * | 1956-04-18 | 1959-11-17 | Du Pont | Chemical process and composition |
| US4026721A (en) * | 1976-03-19 | 1977-05-31 | Westvaco Corporation | Composite silicate pigment |
| US4217240A (en) * | 1976-09-02 | 1980-08-12 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Stable aluminosilicate aquasols having uniform size particles and their preparation |
| JPS5840800B2 (ja) * | 1977-06-20 | 1983-09-07 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 速度違反取締システム |
| DE2917313A1 (de) * | 1979-04-28 | 1980-11-06 | Kali Chemie Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung perlfoermiger, amorphe alumosilikate enthaltender formkoerper |
-
1990
- 1990-03-28 WO PCT/US1990/001650 patent/WO1991005604A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-03-28 BR BR909007749A patent/BR9007749A/pt unknown
- 1990-03-28 AU AU53532/90A patent/AU649221B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-03-28 EP EP19900905837 patent/EP0495777A4/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-03-28 CA CA002067141A patent/CA2067141A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-03-28 JP JP90505557A patent/JPH05506179A/ja active Pending
- 1990-06-29 IL IL9491990A patent/IL94919A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-06-29 ZA ZA905092A patent/ZA905092B/xx unknown
- 1990-07-20 IN IN186/BOM/90A patent/IN172145B/en unknown
- 1990-08-20 CN CN90107059A patent/CN1050888A/zh active Pending
- 1990-08-28 MX MX022131A patent/MX172937B/es unknown
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2176876A (en) * | 1935-08-24 | 1939-10-24 | Nat Lead Co | Method for the preparation of composite pigments |
| US2246030A (en) * | 1937-09-18 | 1941-06-17 | Titan Co Inc | Method of dispersing titanium dioxide pigments |
| US2974108A (en) * | 1957-01-14 | 1961-03-07 | Du Pont | Aluminosilicate aquasols and their preparation |
| US3453131A (en) * | 1966-01-05 | 1969-07-01 | Oxford Paper Co | Composite colloidal pigment particles,their formation and suspensions thereof |
| US3694202A (en) * | 1970-06-05 | 1972-09-26 | Edgar W Sawyer Jr | Paper containing electroconductive pigment and use thereof |
| US4117191A (en) * | 1976-03-19 | 1978-09-26 | Westvaco Corporation | Composite silicate pigment |
| US4247420A (en) * | 1979-03-23 | 1981-01-27 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Hydrocarbon conversion catalyst preparation |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP0495777A4 * |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5152835A (en) * | 1991-05-08 | 1992-10-06 | Engelhard Corporation | Composite titania-calcined kaolin opacifying pigments and method for making and using same |
| EP0600902A4 (en) * | 1991-07-22 | 1994-11-23 | Ind Progress Inc | PIGMENT PRODUCT UNITS BASED ON TITANIUM DIOXIDE. |
| FR2774702A1 (fr) * | 1998-02-11 | 1999-08-13 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | Association a base de microfibrilles et de particules minerales preparation et utilisations |
| WO1999041210A1 (fr) * | 1998-02-11 | 1999-08-19 | Rhodia Chimie | Association a base de microfibrilles et de particules minerales, preparation et utilisations |
| WO2000014331A1 (en) * | 1998-09-03 | 2000-03-16 | Ecc International Ltd | Methods of improving retention and drainage in papermaking |
| CN104530767A (zh) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-22 | 常熟市环虹化工颜料厂 | 不易褪色的颜料 |
| CN104530767B (zh) * | 2014-12-23 | 2016-09-14 | 温州维特利颜料科技有限公司 | 不易褪色的颜料 |
| CN113929199A (zh) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-14 | 伊犁新天煤化工有限责任公司 | 一种利用煤气化灰渣降低煤气化废水化学需氧量的方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1050888A (zh) | 1991-04-24 |
| AU649221B2 (en) | 1994-05-19 |
| IN172145B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1993-04-17 |
| IL94919A0 (en) | 1991-04-15 |
| ZA905092B (en) | 1991-05-29 |
| IL94919A (en) | 1995-03-15 |
| EP0495777A1 (en) | 1992-07-29 |
| EP0495777A4 (en) | 1992-09-30 |
| JPH05506179A (ja) | 1993-09-16 |
| BR9007749A (pt) | 1992-08-11 |
| CA2067141A1 (en) | 1991-04-13 |
| MX172937B (es) | 1994-01-24 |
| AU5353290A (en) | 1991-05-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| AU649377B2 (en) | Process for making structural aggregate pigments | |
| US5279663A (en) | Low-refractive-index aggregate pigments products | |
| US5312484A (en) | TiO2 -containing composite pigment products | |
| KR100752903B1 (ko) | 이산화 티탄-탄산 칼슘 복합 입자 | |
| US5082887A (en) | Aggregated composite mineral pigments | |
| US5236989A (en) | Aggregated composite mineral pigments | |
| EP0876433B1 (en) | Milled silicates and silicas used in ink jet printing | |
| US4816074A (en) | Kaolinite aggregation using sodium silicate | |
| US5551975A (en) | Structured pigment compositions, methods for preparation and use | |
| AU659197B2 (en) | Structural aggregate-TIO2 pigment products | |
| WO1991005604A1 (en) | Structural aggregate pigments | |
| AU3998085A (en) | Method of treating zeolite ores to remove discoloring impuri ties & improve its brightness & resulting finely ground zeol itic product & coating materials, paper & coated paper | |
| WO1997024406A1 (en) | A novel way to synthesize structured composite premium pigments | |
| US10815380B2 (en) | Composite pigments | |
| JP4571367B2 (ja) | メソ孔担持炭酸カルシウム、その製造方法及びそれを用いた塗工紙 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AK | Designated states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AU BG BR CA FI HU JP KP KR NO RO SU |
|
| AL | Designated countries for regional patents |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB IT LU NL SE |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2067141 Country of ref document: CA |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 1990905837 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| WWP | Wipo information: published in national office |
Ref document number: 1990905837 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| WWR | Wipo information: refused in national office |
Ref document number: 1990905837 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| WWW | Wipo information: withdrawn in national office |
Ref document number: 1990905837 Country of ref document: EP |