WO1990010334A1 - Amelioration apportee a la securite de batteries contenant des reseaux paralleles d'elements au lithium rechargeables - Google Patents

Amelioration apportee a la securite de batteries contenant des reseaux paralleles d'elements au lithium rechargeables Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1990010334A1
WO1990010334A1 PCT/CA1990/000055 CA9000055W WO9010334A1 WO 1990010334 A1 WO1990010334 A1 WO 1990010334A1 CA 9000055 W CA9000055 W CA 9000055W WO 9010334 A1 WO9010334 A1 WO 9010334A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
difference
stack
cells
stacks
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CA1990/000055
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
C. Ming Louie
Klaus A. Brandt
David T. Fouchard
Original Assignee
Moli Energy Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Moli Energy Limited filed Critical Moli Energy Limited
Publication of WO1990010334A1 publication Critical patent/WO1990010334A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0024—Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for, and methods of, monitoring a battery to provide an early warning of the failure of a cell of the battery.
  • lithium metal migrates from the anode to the cathode during the use of the battery.
  • lithium metal is plated back onto the anode.
  • this plating process is not necessarily uniform, and repeated discharge/recharge cycles may result in the formation of lithium peaks or dendrites on the anode.
  • Further use of a cell having substantially non-uniform lithium metal distribution on the anode will eventually result in the development of an internal short circuit in the single cell. In the development of this short circuit, a high resistance path is most likely formed in the initial stages.
  • One aspect of the present invention provides a circuit for monitoring a rechargeable battery including a plurality of stacks connected in parallel. Each of the plurality of parallel connected stacks have first and second ends and include either plural cells connected in series or one cell.
  • the circuit is characterized by means for sensing a difference in an electrical condition between two of the plurality of parallel connected stacks in the battery to be monitored, and means for providing a fault signal when the difference in the electrical condition deviates from a predetermined standard by more than a preselected threshold.
  • the difference-sensing means may include voltage difference means for detecting a difference in voltage between a first point in one of the stacks and a second point in another stack parallel thereto, wherein the first and second points are intermediate the ends of the stacks.
  • the fault signal is provided when the difference in voltage deviates from a predetermined standard by more than a preselected threshold.
  • the difference-sensing means may include current difference means for detecting a difference in current between one stack and another stack parallel thereto.
  • the fault signal may be provided when the difference in current deviates from a predetermined standard by more than a preselected threshold.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides an apparatus including a rechargeable lithium battery which includes a plurality of stacks connected in parallel.
  • Each of the plurality of parallel connected stacks have a set of cells, each set of cells including either plural cells connected in series or one cell.
  • the . apparatus is characterized by means for detecting a difference in an electrical condition between the set of cells in one of the plurality of parallel connected stacks in the battery and the set of cells in another of the plurality of parallel connected stacks in the battery, and means for providing a fault signal when the difference in the electrical condition deviates from a predetermined standard by more than a preselected threshold.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of operating a rechargeable lithium battery including a plurality of stacks connected in parallel.
  • Each of the plurality of parallel connected stacks have a set of cells including either plural cells connected in series or one cell.
  • the method is characterized by repeatedly charging and discharging the battery in a plurality of cycles each including charging and discharging portions while monitoring the battery so as to detect a difference in an electrical condition between the set of cells in one of the plurality of parallel connected stacks in the battery and the set of cells in another of the plurality of parallel connected stacks in the battery, and providing a fault signal when the difference in the electrical condition deviates from a predetermined standard by more than a preselected threshold.
  • FIGURE 4 is a schematic view of typical components used in the circuit of Fig. 1.
  • FIGURE 5 is a graph depicting a typical difference in charging current and battery capacity on the repeated charging and discharging of a series/parallel configured battery.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a series/parallel configured battery 5.
  • the term "series/parallel configured battery* refers to a battery in which a plurality of cells are connected in series to form a stack, and where the stacks are then connected in parallel to one another.
  • battery stacks 10 and 12 are connected in parallel and each stack consists of an equal number of series-connected cells.
  • stack 10 consists of four identical series- connected cells identified as 14a, 14b, 14c and 14d.
  • Each cell 14 includes a lithium-bearing electrode or "anode” such as a mass of a lithium-containing metal alloy which may be in the form of a sheet or foil.
  • Each cell further includes a counterelectrode or "cathode” adapted to take up lithium and an electrolyte including a lithium-containing substance dissolved in a non- aqueous solvent.
  • a counterelectrode or "cathode” adapted to take up lithium and an electrolyte including a lithium-containing substance dissolved in a non- aqueous solvent.
  • Cells of this type are referred to herein as "lithium cells”.
  • lithium cells of this type are referred to herein as "lithium cells”.
  • lithium cells of this type are referred to herein as "lithium cells”.
  • lithium cells dissolves in the electrolyte and passes to the counterelectrode where the lithium is taken up with a corresponding release of electrical energy.
  • the process can be reversed and the cell can be recharged by applying external electrical energy.
  • lithium leaves the counterelectrode and redeposits on the lithium-bearing electrode.
  • the lithium-bearing electrode is a lithium-containing metal alloy
  • the redeposited lithium is plated onto the lithium-bearing electrode during recharge.
  • Cells capable of repeated charging and discharging are referred to herein as "secondary" cells.
  • each cell is enclosed in a sealed casing.
  • Stack 12 is connected in parallel with stack 10 and consists of series-connected cells 16a, 16b, 16c and 16d, identical to cells 14.
  • the individual cells in stack 10 are electrically connected to one another by conductors such as wires, straps or electrically conductive components of the cell casings.
  • conductor 15a is connected between the cathode of cell 14a and the anode of cell 14b.
  • conductor 15b is connected between the cathode of cell 14b and the anode of cell 14c
  • conductor 15c is connected between the cathode of cell 14c and the anode of cell 14d.
  • a further conductor 19 at a first or positive end of the stack connects the anode of cell 14a to the positive output conductor 30 of the battery at node 18.
  • a conductor 21 at the second or negative end of stack 10 connects the cathode of cell 14d to the negative battery output conductor 32 at node 22.
  • cells 16a, 16b, 16c and 16d of stack 12 are connected in series by conductors 17a, 17b and 17c. Additionally, conductor 25 at the positive end of stack 12 connects the anode of cell 16a to positive battery output conductor 30 at node 24, and conductor 27 at the negative end of stack 12 connects the cathode of cell 16d to the negative battery output conductor 32 at node 28.
  • Amplifier 174 is identical to amplifier 172 except that the inverting input of amplifier 174 is connected to input terminal 42 of the detector, whereas the non-inverting input of amplifier 174 is connected to input terminal 44 of the detector.
  • the outputs of amplifiers 172 and 174 are connected through diodes 176 and 178 and voltage- dividing resistors 180 and 182 to ground, i.e., to the negative conductor 32 of the battery.
  • the output terminal 46 of the detector is connected between resistors 180 and 182.
  • amplifier 174 provides an output voltage relative to ground proportional to (V 44 - V 42 ) where V 44 is the voltage at input terminal 44 and V 42 is the voltage at input terminal 42.
  • Amplifier 172 provides a voltage relative to ground proportional to (V 42 - V 44 ) . Whenever V 44 and V 42 are unequal, one of these amplifier output voltages will be positive and one negative with respect to ground. The negative voltage will be blocked by one of diodes 176 and 178, whereas the positive voltage will be delivered via dividing resistors 180 and 182 to output terminal 46.
  • detector 40 may incorporate a standard absolute value circuit.
  • Voltage difference detector 40 is connected between parallel stacks 10 and 12.
  • conductor 36 is connected to conductor 15b at a node 20 between cells 14b and 14 ⁇ of stack 10, and to input terminal 42 of voltage difference detector 40.
  • conductor 34 is connected to conductor 17b at a node 26 between cells 16b and 16c of stack 12, and at the other end to input terminal 44 of voltage difference detector 40.
  • switch 67 and detector 68 may be rearranged so that switch 67 is open during charge and closed during discharge.
  • Control circuit 50 includes a normally closed "one shot" switch or single-actuation switching device which will go open circuit upon receiving an input voltage from voltage difference detector 40 in excess of a predetermined actuation voltage. When switching circuit 50 goes to an open condition, it will electrically disable the battery. In the embodiment as shown in FIGURE 1, the total voltage between point 18 at one end of stack 1 and point 22 at the opposite end thereof will be essentially equal to the total voltage between the respective points 24 and 28 on stack 12. In a stack in which all of the cells are functioning normally, this total voltage will be evenly distributed across all of the individual cells. Thus, the intermediate voltage between points 18 and 20 in a properly functioning stack is expected to be of the same proportion to the total voltage as is the proportion of the number of cells between points 18 and 20 to the total number of cells in stack 10.
  • the intermediate voltage between points 18 and 20 will be essentially one half of the total voltage as point 20 is located at the midpoint of stack 10. Stated another way, the number of cells between point 20 and the negative end of stack 10 is equal to the number of cells between point 20 and the positive end of the stack. However, in a stack containing a cell which is about to fail, the total voltage will no longer be evenly distributed across all of the cells of the stack. Therefore, the intermediate voltage between points 18 and 20 may be either higher or lower than expected depending on the location of the failing cell..
  • the intermediate voltage between points 24 and 26 will be either higher or lower than expected depending on the location of the failing cell. Accordingly, when the cells of stacks 10 and 12 are functioning normally, the difference between the intermediate voltage appearing at points 20 and 26 will be substantially constant. As points 20 and 26 are at the midpoints of their respective stacks, as shown in FIGURE 1, the difference between the intermediate voltage at point 20 for stack 10 and the intermediate voltage at point 26 for stack 12 will be essentially zero. This is so regardless of variation in the actual values of the individual cell voltages, provided that all of the cells vary in substantially the same way.
  • Voltage difference detector 40 will continuously monitor the difference between the intermediate voltage at point 20 for stack 10 and the intermediate voltage at point 26 for stack 12.
  • the output voltage delivered at output 46 of the detector and supplied to input node 52 of control circuit 50 will be directly related to the absolute value of the difference between the intermediate voltages.
  • the output voltage from voltage difference detector 40 will be below the predetermined activation voltage of circuit 50.
  • the output signal from voltage difference detector 40 will increase to above the actuation voltage of control circuit 50 which will then open to electrically disable the battery 5.
  • the increased output voltage from detector 40 serves as a fault signal, and circuit 50 responds to this fault signal by disabling the battery.
  • FIGURE 2 shows another embodiment in accordance with the present invention.
  • This embodiment is the same as that in FIGURE 1 except that conductors 34' and 36' are not connected at the midpoints of the respective stacks, but are at different positions on the stacks relative to one another.
  • conductor 36' is connected between input terminal 42' on voltage difference detector 40' and node 20' between cells 14c' and 14d' of stack 10'.
  • Conductor 34' is connected at one end to input terminal 44' of voltage difference detector 40' and at the opposite end to node 26' between cells 16a' and 16b' of stack 12'.
  • voltage difference detector 40' continuously monitors the difference between the intermediate voltage at point 20' for stack 10' and the intermediate voltage at point 26' for stack 12', and the output voltage delivered at output terminal 46' and supplied to input node 52' of control circuit 50' will be directly related to the absolute value of this difference. As long as the difference between the intermediate voltages at points 20' and 26' is within a specified threshold value from the predetermined non-zero standard, the output voltage from the voltage difference detector 40' will be below the predetermined activation voltage of circuit 50'. However, if the voltage difference exceeds this preselected threshold, the output signal from voltage difference detector 40' will increase to above the activation voltage of control circuit 50'and serve as a fault signal.
  • the monitoring circuit includes voltage difference detector 40" which is connected between the respective outputs of difference amplifiers 73 and 83 which carry the voltages corresponding to the respective currents through stacks 10" and 12". Therefore, output terminal 79 of difference amplifier 73 is connected to input terminal 42'' of voltage difference detector 40" by conductor 90, and output terminal 89 of difference amplifier 83 is connected to input terminal 44" of voltage difference detector 40'' by conductor 92.
  • positive battery output conductor 30'' is connected through a control circuit 50'' to positive battery terminal 60'', and negative battery output conductor 32" is connected directly to negative battery terminal 62".
  • the output terminal 46" of voltage difference detector 40'' is connected to input node 52" of control circuit 50'' via conductive path 65".
  • the output voltage from voltage difference detector 40'' will be below the predetermined actuation voltage of circuit 50''. However, if the voltage difference exceeds this preselected threshold, the output signal from the voltage difference detector 40'' will increase to above the actuation voltage of control circuit 50'', thereby serving as a fault signal.
  • switch 67" when switch 67" is closed, the fault signal will be transmitted to control circuit 50", and control circuit 50" will respond by opening to electrically disable battery 5 ' ' .
  • Typical threshold values are approximately 0.1-0.3 Amps difference in stack current or approximately 1.5 Volts difference in intermediate voltage when monitoring is done during the charging cycle, and 0.6-0.8 Amps difference in stack current or approximately 2.0 Volts difference in intermediate voltage when monitoring is done during the discharge cycle.
  • switches 67, 67' and 67" and the associated current direction detectors effectively disable the monitoring system and the battery disabling control circuit 50, 50' or 50'' during the discharge portion of each cycle.
  • These components can be rearranged to disable the monitoring and control system during charge and leave it in operation during discharge.
  • the monitoring circuit may be arranged to respond to a signal from the current direction sensing device and automatically adjust the threshold to the appropriate value for that portion of the charge/discharge cycle which the battery is experiencing.
  • each stack may consist of any practical number of cells either less than or more than the number shown.
  • each stack must consist of at least two cells connected in series so that an intermediate voltage between the cells may be monitored.
  • any number of cells greater than two may also be incorporated into a stack and the intermediate voltage monitored at a point between any of the cells.
  • only one cell is necessary in each stack in order to determine the current through the stack, but any number of cells greater than one may also be monitored.
  • each stack consist of an equal number of series-connected cells so long as the total voltage from one end of the stack to the opposite end is the same for all the stacks in parallel connection.
  • the circuit and method of the present invention provide for monitoring a rechargeable battery to provide an early warning of the failure of a cell of the battery.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

Le circuit décrit, qui sert à surveiller une batterie rechargeable pour fournir un signal de pré-avertissement de défaillance d'un élément de la batterie, comprend plusieurs piles (10, 12: 10', 12': 10'', 12'') connectées en parallèle. Chacune des piles connectées en parallèle comportent des première et seconde extrémités et contiennent soit des éléments multiples (14a-d, 16a-d) connectés en série ou un seul élément. Le circuit se caractérise par des organes (40: 40': 40'') destinés à détecter une différence d'état électrique entre deux des piles connectées en parallèle dans la batterie à surveiller, ainsi que par des organes destinés à produire un signal de défaillance lorsque la différence d'état électrique s'écarte d'une valeur standard prédéterminée d'une grandeur supérieure à une grandeur seuil présélectionnée. Dans un premier mode de réalisation, le circuit se caractérise en ce qui les organes (40: 40': 40'') destinés à détecter une différence d'état électrique comprennent des organes de détection de différence de tension (172, 174) destinés à détecter une différence de tension entre un premier point (20: 20') situé en un endroit intermédiaire entre les extrémités d'une pile (10: 10') dans la batterie à surveiller et un second point (26: 26') situé en un endroit intermédiaire entre les extrémités d'une autre pile (12: 12') dans la batterie à surveiller. Dans un deuxième mode de réalisation, le circuit se caractérise en ce que l'organe (40'') destiné à détecter une différence d'état électrique comprend un organe de détection de différence de courant (40'') destiné à détecter une différence de courant entre une pile (10'') de la batterie à surveiller et une autre pile (12'') de la batterie à surveiller.
PCT/CA1990/000055 1989-02-21 1990-02-20 Amelioration apportee a la securite de batteries contenant des reseaux paralleles d'elements au lithium rechargeables WO1990010334A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US31324389A 1989-02-21 1989-02-21
US313,243 1989-02-21

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0440756A1 (fr) * 1989-06-30 1991-08-14 Motorola Inc Systeme chargeur de batteries.
ES2036936A2 (es) * 1991-10-21 1993-06-01 Sitja Passols Narcis Balanza electronica.
DE4429853C1 (de) * 1994-08-23 1996-01-11 Daimler Benz Ag Batterieladegerät für eine mehrzellige Batterie
EP0709943A2 (fr) * 1994-10-27 1996-05-01 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Appareil de traitement d'information alimenté par batterie
EP0760548A2 (fr) * 1995-08-25 1997-03-05 Black & Decker Inc. Dispositif sans fil avec indicateur de déséquilibre d'une batterie
US6625477B1 (en) 1996-06-12 2003-09-23 Ericsson Inc. Apparatus and method for identifying and charging batteries of different types
FR2877499A1 (fr) * 2004-10-28 2006-05-05 Eads Astrium Sas Soc Par Actio Procede de gestion d'une batterie rechargeable et batterie rechargeable adaptee pour mettre en oeuvre ce procede
DE102014221272A1 (de) 2014-10-21 2016-04-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Überwachungseinrichtung für eine Batterie, eine Lithium-Ionen-Batterie sowie Verfahren zur Überwachung einer Batterie
WO2016113062A1 (fr) * 2015-01-14 2016-07-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Prédiction de courts-circuits internes d'un module de batterie
WO2020043385A1 (fr) * 2018-08-29 2020-03-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procédé de détection de défauts de contact dans un bloc d'accumulateurs et système de mise en œuvre du procédé

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0080164A2 (fr) * 1981-11-21 1983-06-01 BROWN, BOVERI & CIE Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de contrôle pour une batterie
WO1986002738A1 (fr) * 1984-10-23 1986-05-09 Brown, Boveri & Cie. Aktiengesellschaft Installation de surveillance pour une batterie
US4622508A (en) * 1984-08-20 1986-11-11 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government Lithium battery protection circuit
FR2611314A3 (fr) * 1987-02-19 1988-08-26 Chloride France Sa Procede et dispositif de controle de la disponibilite d'une batterie d'accumulateurs

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0080164A2 (fr) * 1981-11-21 1983-06-01 BROWN, BOVERI & CIE Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de contrôle pour une batterie
US4622508A (en) * 1984-08-20 1986-11-11 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government Lithium battery protection circuit
WO1986002738A1 (fr) * 1984-10-23 1986-05-09 Brown, Boveri & Cie. Aktiengesellschaft Installation de surveillance pour une batterie
FR2611314A3 (fr) * 1987-02-19 1988-08-26 Chloride France Sa Procede et dispositif de controle de la disponibilite d'une batterie d'accumulateurs

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0440756A1 (fr) * 1989-06-30 1991-08-14 Motorola Inc Systeme chargeur de batteries.
EP0440756A4 (en) * 1989-06-30 1992-12-09 Motorola, Inc. Battery charging system
ES2036936A2 (es) * 1991-10-21 1993-06-01 Sitja Passols Narcis Balanza electronica.
DE4429853C1 (de) * 1994-08-23 1996-01-11 Daimler Benz Ag Batterieladegerät für eine mehrzellige Batterie
EP0709943A2 (fr) * 1994-10-27 1996-05-01 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Appareil de traitement d'information alimenté par batterie
EP0709943A3 (fr) * 1994-10-27 1999-11-10 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Appareil de traitement d'information alimenté par batterie
EP0760548A2 (fr) * 1995-08-25 1997-03-05 Black & Decker Inc. Dispositif sans fil avec indicateur de déséquilibre d'une batterie
EP0760548A3 (fr) * 1995-08-25 1997-10-15 Black & Decker Inc Dispositif sans fil avec indicateur de déséquilibre d'une batterie
US5805068A (en) * 1995-08-25 1998-09-08 Black & Decker Inc. Cordless device with battery imbalance indicator
US6625477B1 (en) 1996-06-12 2003-09-23 Ericsson Inc. Apparatus and method for identifying and charging batteries of different types
FR2877499A1 (fr) * 2004-10-28 2006-05-05 Eads Astrium Sas Soc Par Actio Procede de gestion d'une batterie rechargeable et batterie rechargeable adaptee pour mettre en oeuvre ce procede
WO2006048522A2 (fr) * 2004-10-28 2006-05-11 Astrium Sas Procede de gestion d'une batterie rechargeable et batterie rechargeable adaptee pour mettre en œuvre ce procede
WO2006048522A3 (fr) * 2004-10-28 2007-03-08 Astrium Sas Procede de gestion d'une batterie rechargeable et batterie rechargeable adaptee pour mettre en œuvre ce procede
US7830123B2 (en) 2004-10-28 2010-11-09 Astrium Sas System and method for operating a rechargeable battery having a defective module
DE102014221272A1 (de) 2014-10-21 2016-04-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Überwachungseinrichtung für eine Batterie, eine Lithium-Ionen-Batterie sowie Verfahren zur Überwachung einer Batterie
US9876261B2 (en) 2014-10-21 2018-01-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Monitoring device for a battery, a lithium-ion battery, and method for the monitoring of a battery
DE102014221272B4 (de) 2014-10-21 2024-09-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Überwachungseinrichtung für eine Batterie, eine Lithium-Ionen-Batterie sowie Verfahren zur Überwachung einer Batterie
WO2016113062A1 (fr) * 2015-01-14 2016-07-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Prédiction de courts-circuits internes d'un module de batterie
WO2020043385A1 (fr) * 2018-08-29 2020-03-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Procédé de détection de défauts de contact dans un bloc d'accumulateurs et système de mise en œuvre du procédé
CN112703411A (zh) * 2018-08-29 2021-04-23 罗伯特·博世有限公司 用于识别蓄电池组中的接通故障的方法和用于执行该方法的系统
JP2021534553A (ja) * 2018-08-29 2021-12-09 ロベルト・ボッシュ・ゲゼルシャフト・ミト・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツングRobert Bosch Gmbh 蓄電池パックで接触不良を認識する方法、およびこの方法を実施するためのシステム
US11500036B2 (en) 2018-08-29 2022-11-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for recognizing contacting errors in a rechargeable battery pack, and system for carrying out the method

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