WO1990001385A1 - Procede de production de corps consolides - Google Patents

Procede de production de corps consolides Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1990001385A1
WO1990001385A1 PCT/SE1988/000391 SE8800391W WO9001385A1 WO 1990001385 A1 WO1990001385 A1 WO 1990001385A1 SE 8800391 W SE8800391 W SE 8800391W WO 9001385 A1 WO9001385 A1 WO 9001385A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mold
ceramic
finely divided
metal powder
shape
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE1988/000391
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bengt SJÖBERG
Jan Nybom
Original Assignee
Uddeholm Tooling Aktiebolag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Uddeholm Tooling Aktiebolag filed Critical Uddeholm Tooling Aktiebolag
Priority to PCT/SE1988/000391 priority Critical patent/WO1990001385A1/fr
Publication of WO1990001385A1 publication Critical patent/WO1990001385A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
    • C04B35/645—Pressure sintering
    • C04B35/6455—Hot isostatic pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/1208—Containers or coating used therefor
    • B22F3/1258—Container manufacturing
    • B22F3/1275—Container manufacturing by coating a model and eliminating the model before consolidation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/241—Chemical after-treatment on the surface
    • B22F2003/244—Leaching

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for producing a consoli ⁇ dated body having a near net shape, i.e. a body, the shape of which is almost identical with the required final shape of the product, made of a metal powder and/or one or several other solid finely divided materials, including fibers and finely divided ceramic materials, graphite and composites.
  • the powder is placed in a shell, the internal side of which has a shape, which substantially equals the shape of the wanted object, the shell-mold is closed, the shell-mold and its contents are heated to a temperature suited for a hot isosta- tic pressing and the shell-mold and its contents are subjected to a hot isostatic pressing in order to compress the metal powder or a similar material into a body having full density.
  • Another embodiment of this technique is to seal the surface of the powder body by means of a glass material or a melting of the surface layer, the suface layer forming a shell having the desired shape. Examples of these techniques are described in Swedish patent specifications SE-B-382929 and SE-B-435 026.
  • the object of the present invention is to suggest a process along a new line of development for powder metallurgic production of bodies having a near net shape.
  • a special object of the invention is to suggest a comparatively inexpensive shaping process for a near net shape production using hot isostatic pressing.
  • the above-mentioned mold of a polymeric material is produced from an elastomer, e.g. a silicone-rubber.
  • the mold of silicone-rubber or a similar elastomer can e.g. be produced by casting from another mold, which in its turn can be produced by a polymeric casting from a model, which with a contraction has the same shape as the body to be produced.
  • This second polymetic material which can be used for the initial casting from a model, is a rigid or an elastic polymeric material, e.g. a polyurethan, an epoxy resin, a siloxane resin, a polyester, a copolymer thereof or a similar plastic or rubber material, which preferably is a thermosetting resin.
  • the ceramic mold is preferably made of a ceramic material having a filling ratio, which essentially is as large as the filling ratio of the powder in the mold cavity before the hot isostatic pressing.
  • the filling ratio of the powder in the mold cavity may be as large as about 70%, provided the powder has been maximally close-packed by a vibration or a slight mechanical compressing. Consequently, in this case a ceramic mold of a ceramic material having a filling ratio of 65-75% is produced and used.
  • a metal powder, atomized by a liquid is to be used, then this material is very un-smooth, which results in a filling ratio of only about 35-40%.
  • a ceramic material having a filling ratio of 35-55%, preferably 35-45% is used.
  • the filling ratio of the liquid-atomized metal powder can be improved, provided the powder is subjected to a machin ⁇ ing operation, before it is charged into the mold, in order to round the edges.
  • a filling ratio of about 60% can be attained.
  • the ceramic material in the ceramic mold ought in this case have a filling ratio of 55-65%.
  • a filling ratio for the ceramic material adapted to this is chosen according to the principles mentioned above.
  • the ceramic mold can be produced in the following manner.
  • a model of the body which is to be produced is first made of e.g. wood or plastic material.
  • the shape of the model is identical, with a contraction, with the shape of the finished product.
  • the term contraction means in this context that the dimensions of the model exceed the dimensions of the product to be produced with what equals the shrinkage of the metal powder from compressing to full density, while it is also necessary to keep in mind the contractibility of the polymeric materials as well as the ceramic material.
  • the properties of the metal powder or a similar finely divided material i.e. whether the powder or the like is spherical, very uneven, fibrous, or rounded as well as to the properties of the polymeric materials and the ceramic material in these respects.
  • the particle size distribution of course also affects the close-packing ratio and consequently also the contraction. From the model, made in this way, a rigid polymer casting is made and from the polymer casting a casting of said first elastic polymeric material, preferably silicone-rubber, is made. In the elastic mold of silicone-rubber or the like, made in this way, the ceramic mold or a portion of it subsequently is formed.
  • said first elastic polymeric material preferably silicone-rubber
  • a number of ceramic materials can be used in accordance with the invention.
  • a ceramic material which after the hot isostatic pressing easily can be removed by dissolving in a solvent, e.g. in water or in an acid, ought to be used.
  • a solvent e.g. in water or in an acid
  • a binding agent in the ceramic material which binding agent is soluable in a suitable solvent, e.g. a sodium hydroxide solution.
  • a ceramic material can also be selected, which can be made brittle by chemical reactions.
  • a combustible ceramic material e.g. a material which contains such a large amount of graphite or pulverized coal, that the final mold can be removed by burning it off from the metal body, which has been consolidated by the hot isostatic pressing.
  • ceramic material used in this specification is a solid material, which neither is a metal nor an alloy, nor an organic material, but which readily can include or be composed of compounds with metals or organic materials. Also, mixtures of various materials, defined in this manner, are to be included in this defini ⁇ tion of the term ceramic material.
  • FIG. 1 A-E schematically shows the different steps of the process according to the first preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the hot isostatic consolidation of the body to be produced.
  • Model 1 e.g. wood or a plastic material of the body to be produced is made, Fig. 1A.
  • the shape of the model is identical with the shape of the finished product with contraction.
  • Model 1 is placed on a plate 2 and on this plate also a plastic tube 3 is placed in order to obtain a first mold cavity 4.
  • This mold cavity 4 is filled with a liquid thermosetting material, e.g. polyurethane, in order to obtain a casting 5 of model 1.
  • Model 1 is removed from polymeric casting 5, which is provided with a cavity 7 obtained from medel 1 and subsequently is placed on a plate 6. On the same plate 6 a wider tube 8 is also placed.
  • Cavity 7 and a space 9 between tubes 8 and 3 well as a space above the upper edge of polymeric casting 5 are filled with a silicone-rubber.
  • the silicone-rubber When the silicone-rubber has hardened, the silicone- rubber mold 10, obtained in this way, is pulled off from polymeric casting 5 and from the enclosing tube 8 and is placed on another plate 11, the obtained new cavity 12 thus being turned upwards.
  • the silicone-rubber mold is supported on its outer side by a tube 20.
  • Cavity 12 is filled with a mass of a ceramic material, which is hardened, after which silicone-rubber mold 10 is pulled off from ceramic mold 13, obtained in this way.
  • mold cavity 17 Jointly with a ceramic cover 14, made of the same ceramic material as mold 13 is made of, ceramic mold 13 forms a mold cavity 17.
  • the geo ⁇ metrical shape of mold cavity 17 Is identical with the wanted product with contraction.
  • Mold cavity 17 is filled with a metal powder 15, preferably -a gas-atomized spherical metal powder, before ceramic parts 13 and 14 are placed in a container 16.
  • Metal powder 15 can e.g. consist of a gas-atomized spherical steel powder of a steel alloy suited for producing molding tools or cutting tools. In the latter case the steel powder can consist of a high speed steel powder.
  • alloys can of course be used, e.g. stainless steels, nickel base alloys and other super alloys. The latter types of alloys are particularly suitable when pump bodies, impellers and other machine members are to be produced.
  • Other finely divided materials can also be selected, instead of or as supplement to a metal powder, which has been discussed in the introductory part of the specification. Before ceramic cover 14 is applied, powder 15 is close-packed by vibration.
  • Ceramic mold 13 and cover 14 and the contained metal powder 15 are placed in said container 16, which can consist of a metal can or of other deformable material.
  • Container 16 is evacuated to a pressure of
  • the aggregate is heated to a temperature suited for hot isostatic pressing of a tool steel alloy.
  • the aggregate suitably is heated to a temperature of between 1000 and 1225°C, preferably to a temperature of between 1100 and 1200°C.
  • container 16 and its contents are subjected to an isostatic pressing at said temperature, until ceramic mold 13 and cover 14 as well as metal powder 15 have been compressed to a 100% density.
  • the hot isostatic pressing suitably is carried out in an autoclave press with argon as a pressure medium. Finally the compressed product is removed from the autoclave press and subsequently ceramic mold 13, 14 is removed from the consolidated dense metal body.
  • Fig. IE shows that ceramic mold parts 13 and 14 are cast in such a way, that they can contact the internal side of container 16 with a close fit.
  • ceramic mold parts 13 and 14 which contain metal powder 14, .into a pressure transmitting medium 19, a solid particle material, e.g. sand, which therefore is applied between ceramic mold parts 13, 14 and the internal side of container 16' . Consequently, container 16' in this case is larger than according to the embodiment shown in Fig. IE, provided a production of a product having the same dimensions as according to the first embodiment is contemplated.

Abstract

Selon un procédé de production de corps consolidés de forme pratiquement nette, on produit un moule céramique (13) en coulant un matériau céramique sur un moule (10) en matériau polymère, de façon à obtenir une cavité de moulage (17) dont la forme une fois comprimée correspond à la forme de la partie correspondante du corps voulu. On remplit la cavité de moulage (17) avec une poudre métallique (15) et/ou d'autres matériaux solides finement pulvérisés et l'on place ce matériau céramique dans un récipient (16, 16') déformable étanche aux gaz dont les parois sont étroitement rapprochées du moule céramique, soit directement soit par l'intermédiaire d'un milieu de remplissage (19) de type à particules solides. Le récipient et son contenu sont chauffés et soumis à une pression isostatique externe de façon à comprimer le moule céramique et le matériau finement pulvérisé jusqu'à les rendre complètement compacts.
PCT/SE1988/000391 1988-08-02 1988-08-02 Procede de production de corps consolides WO1990001385A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/SE1988/000391 WO1990001385A1 (fr) 1988-08-02 1988-08-02 Procede de production de corps consolides

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/SE1988/000391 WO1990001385A1 (fr) 1988-08-02 1988-08-02 Procede de production de corps consolides

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1990001385A1 true WO1990001385A1 (fr) 1990-02-22

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE1988/000391 WO1990001385A1 (fr) 1988-08-02 1988-08-02 Procede de production de corps consolides

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO1990001385A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998017418A1 (fr) * 1996-10-24 1998-04-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Procede d'utilisation de materiau thermoreversible dans la fabrication de moules ceramiques
WO1999044006A1 (fr) * 1998-02-27 1999-09-02 Andersen Frans Joergen Balle sans plomb destinee a des armes de petit calibre
US9104016B2 (en) 2004-10-08 2015-08-11 Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh Optical projection system
CN106239961A (zh) * 2016-08-25 2016-12-21 陕西师范大学 一种干式准等静压方法及装置
EP4299212A1 (fr) * 2022-06-27 2024-01-03 The Manufacturing Technology Centre Limited Procédé de création d'un objet

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE148797C1 (fr) *
GB1356445A (en) * 1970-07-18 1974-06-12 Toyoda Chuo Kenkyusho Kk Method for pressure sintering a refractory powder
US3841870A (en) * 1973-03-07 1974-10-15 Carpenter Technology Corp Method of making articles from powdered material requiring forming at high temperature
US3982934A (en) * 1974-05-31 1976-09-28 United Technologies Corporation Method of forming uniform density articles from powder metals
EP0238999A1 (fr) * 1986-03-21 1987-09-30 Uddeholm Tooling Aktiebolag Procédé de fabrication d'articles par pressage isostatique à chaud d'une poudre métallique dans un moule

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE148797C1 (fr) *
GB1356445A (en) * 1970-07-18 1974-06-12 Toyoda Chuo Kenkyusho Kk Method for pressure sintering a refractory powder
US3841870A (en) * 1973-03-07 1974-10-15 Carpenter Technology Corp Method of making articles from powdered material requiring forming at high temperature
US3982934A (en) * 1974-05-31 1976-09-28 United Technologies Corporation Method of forming uniform density articles from powder metals
EP0238999A1 (fr) * 1986-03-21 1987-09-30 Uddeholm Tooling Aktiebolag Procédé de fabrication d'articles par pressage isostatique à chaud d'une poudre métallique dans un moule

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998017418A1 (fr) * 1996-10-24 1998-04-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Procede d'utilisation de materiau thermoreversible dans la fabrication de moules ceramiques
US5906781A (en) * 1996-10-24 1999-05-25 The Procter & Gamble Company Method of using thermally reversible material to form ceramic molds
WO1999044006A1 (fr) * 1998-02-27 1999-09-02 Andersen Frans Joergen Balle sans plomb destinee a des armes de petit calibre
US9104016B2 (en) 2004-10-08 2015-08-11 Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh Optical projection system
US9557653B2 (en) 2004-10-08 2017-01-31 Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh Optical projection system
US9891535B2 (en) 2004-10-08 2018-02-13 Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh Optical projection system
CN106239961A (zh) * 2016-08-25 2016-12-21 陕西师范大学 一种干式准等静压方法及装置
CN106239961B (zh) * 2016-08-25 2018-05-25 陕西师范大学 一种干式准等静压方法及装置
EP4299212A1 (fr) * 2022-06-27 2024-01-03 The Manufacturing Technology Centre Limited Procédé de création d'un objet
GB2620549A (en) * 2022-06-27 2024-01-17 The Manufacturing Tech Centre Limited A method for creating an object

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