WO1989005463A1 - Concentrator arrangement - Google Patents
Concentrator arrangement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1989005463A1 WO1989005463A1 PCT/DE1988/000688 DE8800688W WO8905463A1 WO 1989005463 A1 WO1989005463 A1 WO 1989005463A1 DE 8800688 W DE8800688 W DE 8800688W WO 8905463 A1 WO8905463 A1 WO 8905463A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- concentrator
- stages
- arrangement according
- refractive index
- elements
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012634 optical imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
- G02B19/0004—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
- G02B19/0019—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed having reflective surfaces only (e.g. louvre systems, systems with multiple planar reflectors)
- G02B19/0023—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed having reflective surfaces only (e.g. louvre systems, systems with multiple planar reflectors) at least one surface having optical power
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
- G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
- G02B19/0038—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with ambient light
- G02B19/0042—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with ambient light for use with direct solar radiation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
Definitions
- the invention relates to a concentrator arrangement with a multiplicity of solar cells and with a plate made of a transparent material with a refractive index of more than 1.45, which has a flat upper side and a lower side, with a concentrator structure made of trough-shaped non-imaging concentrator elements with parabolically curved side walls connected is.
- the object of the invention is to create a concentrator arrangement of the type mentioned at the outset, which is distinguished by a higher concentration factor.
- the concentrator elements have parabolic curved mirror surfaces pointing in all four directions.
- FIG. 2 shows a concentrator arrangement according to the invention with a two-stage concentration in a perspective view
- FIG. 6 shows a concentrator arrangement with several concentrator elements according to FIG. 5, which are connected to one another by a plate,
- a static concentrator 1 of known type is shown, which has the shape of a trough and allows a one-dimensional concentration.
- the static concentrator 1 has a parabolic curved left side wall 2 and a likewise parabolic curved right side wall 3.
- the side walls 2, 3 have a distance d ⁇ at their upper edges and approach at their lower edges a distance d 2 .
- the side walls 2, 3 are mirrored.
- the static concentrator shown in FIG. 1 is oriented in the east-west direction, so that the end faces 4, 5 face east or west and the side walls 2, 3 face north or south.
- the concentrator 1 is rotated about its longitudinal axis running parallel to the side walls 2, 3 in order to achieve an orientation of the concentrator to the south with an optimal inclination. This inclination corresponds to the latitude of the installation site.
- the bottom of the static concentrator 1 shown in FIG. 1 is covered with a plurality of solar cells 6, which utilize the direct and diffuse solar light captured by the static concentrator 1 by means of photovoltaic energy conversion.
- n the refractive index of the medium in front of the concentrator
- n 2 the refractive index of the medium inside the concentrator
- ⁇ - is the opening angle of the rays at the entrance aperture and ⁇ «the opening angle of the radiation at the exit aperture.
- a static concentrator In order to receive as much direct solar radiation as possible, a static concentrator must have a large opening angle, which may be smaller in the north-south direction than in the east-west direction. In the north-south direction, the reception area must extend on the one hand to the upper culmination point of the sun, and on the other hand close to the southern horizon. In the case of staggered collectors or concentrators, the limitation can be at the lower culmination point of the sun. In the east-west direction, however, the opening angle must be 180 °.
- d- and d- mean the above-mentioned distances between the side walls 2, 3 and the widths of the concentrator 1 at the entrance aperture and the exit aperture surface.
- FIG. 2 shows a two-stage concentrator arrangement 1.0 according to the invention, which makes it possible to achieve a substantially higher static concentration while maintaining the aperture angle distribution.
- a two-stage concentration is carried out in a refractive medium.
- the two-stage concentrator arrangement 10 has a plate 11 made of transparent material with a Refractive index n that is greater than 1.45.
- the plate 11 is flat on the top 12 facing the incident radiation and optically and mechanically connected to a structure 13 for the non-imaging concentration of light on the side opposite the top 12.
- the structure 13 brings about a two-stage concentration of the light in linear-one-dimensional first stages 14 and two-dimensional second stages 15.
- the first stages 14 have the shape shown in FIG. 1 of a trough formed from glass or plastic.
- a plurality of second stages 15 are optically and mechanically coupled to the exit aperture surface of the first stages, which also have parabolic curved side walls 16 and 17 shown in FIG. 3 and parabolic front walls 18 and rear walls 19 which can be seen in FIG.
- the lower edges of the side walls 16, 17 and the front walls 18 and the rear walls 19 each end on a floor surface 20 which is optically coupled to a solar cell 21.
- the first steps 14 have rectangular entry apertures and rectangular exit apertures, while the touching second steps 15 have square entry and exit apertures.
- the second stages 15 are therefore not exactly radially symmetrical, which leads to a slight loss of concentration.
- this is expedient since on the one hand the aperture area can only be filled with square or rectangular structures, and on the other hand the solar cells 21 are square.
- This divergence can be increased to 90 ° by a two-dimensional concentration.
- this is achieved in that in the linear first stages 14 the north-south rays are brought to the same divergence as the east-west rays (by decomposition into vertical components) this consideration also for all obliquely incident rays).
- A. and A 2 are the entrance and exit aperture surfaces assigned to the second stages 15.
- the second stages 15 can consist of a transparent material with a refractive index n 2 that is greater than the refractive index n- of the transparent material of the first stages 14. This is important because little material is used and materials with a higher refractive index are usually expensive. In this case, the condition for the second stages is 15
- the opening angle ⁇ - of the first stages 14 is selected such that when the concentrator arrangement 10 is oriented to the south with an optimal inclination, the position of the sun at the highest point of the sun still falls within the acceptance range and the other limitation of the opening angle contains at least the minimum culmination point of the sun.
- the concentration factor C the second, two-dimensional stage 15 is selected such that C 2 - n 2 applies.
- first stages 14 are made of a material with a refractive index n and the second stages 15 are made of another material with a
- Refractive index n 2 are produced, which is larger than that
- the plate 11 is rectangular and has a flat front side. On the back there are many linear structures of the first stage 14 arranged next to one another, at the outlet openings of which there are contacting elements of the second stages 15.
- the plate 11, the first steps 14 and the second steps 15 can, in particular if they are made of a material with the same refractive index, can be made in one piece. If different materials are used, the individual stages 14, 15 are connected to one another in such a way that the best possible optical coupling is produced. A gradual change in the refractive index can also be provided in a transition region in order to avoid reflections.
- FIG. 5 shows a single concentrator for a one-stage version, the end faces 4 and 5 of which are like that Front walls 18 and 19 of the second stages 15 are curved parabolically.
- these structures can be connected to a continuous plate 11, which is illustrated in FIG. 6 and does not change the optical conditions.
- Steps 15 rectangular concentrators 22 can, as in
- Fig. 7 illustrates, can be realized with two materials 23, 24, whose refractive indices n 1 and ⁇ x ? are.
- FIG. 8a, 8b and 8c show contact geometries for the solar cells 21 in connection with the outlet apertures of the concentrator arrangement 10. Since the metal contacts of the solar cells 21 shield the radiation, they cause losses. For this reason, the contact grid areas are kept as small as possible. Static concentrators of the type described above offer the possibility of minimizing the shielding by the discharge grid 25 of the solar cells 21 by arranging the current contacts 26 (busbars) outside the illuminated areas of the solar cells 21, as illustrated in FIG. 8.
- 8a shows the course of the current busbar 26 outside the circumference of the lower end of a second stage 15.
- FIG. 8b shows a plan view of the solar cell 21 before being attached to the second stage 15.
- FIG. 8c shows a design option for one rectangular solar cell 21, which is used together with a concentrator 22.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19873741477 DE3741477A1 (de) | 1987-12-08 | 1987-12-08 | Konzentratoranordnung |
DEP3741477.1 | 1987-12-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1989005463A1 true WO1989005463A1 (en) | 1989-06-15 |
Family
ID=6342070
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE1988/000688 WO1989005463A1 (en) | 1987-12-08 | 1988-11-07 | Concentrator arrangement |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4964713A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0347444A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH02502500A (de) |
DE (1) | DE3741477A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1989005463A1 (de) |
Cited By (11)
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EP0534853A1 (de) * | 1991-09-25 | 1993-03-31 | Marc Hoffman | Doppele Refraktion und Total Reflektion nicht abbildender, fester Linse |
EP0539296A1 (de) * | 1991-10-25 | 1993-04-28 | Association Pour La Recherche Et Le Developpement Des Methodes Et Processus Industriels (Armines) | Reflektor für Strahlungsquelle mit einem vorbestimmten maximalen seitlichen Strahlungswinkel |
EP0810409A1 (de) * | 1996-05-21 | 1997-12-03 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Anordnung für Lichtleitsystem |
WO2001050181A1 (fr) * | 2000-01-07 | 2001-07-12 | Honeywell | Dispositif optique monolithique de transmission de lumiere, et bloc optique a voies multiples utilisant un tel dispositif |
GB2417094A (en) * | 2004-08-12 | 2006-02-15 | Innovium Res Ltd | Light collecting element array with tapered light reflecting surfaces |
WO2007036199A3 (de) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-06-21 | Solartec Ag | Konzentrator-photovoltaik-vorrichtung, photovoltaik-einrichtung zur verwendung darin sowie herstellverfahren hierfür |
WO2007149001A2 (en) * | 2006-06-19 | 2007-12-27 | Corneliu Antonovici | Method and structure for solar energy harvesting type glass roof tile |
US9012771B1 (en) | 2009-09-03 | 2015-04-21 | Suncore Photovoltaics, Inc. | Solar cell receiver subassembly with a heat shield for use in a concentrating solar system |
US9331228B2 (en) | 2008-02-11 | 2016-05-03 | Suncore Photovoltaics, Inc. | Concentrated photovoltaic system modules using III-V semiconductor solar cells |
US9806215B2 (en) | 2009-09-03 | 2017-10-31 | Suncore Photovoltaics, Inc. | Encapsulated concentrated photovoltaic system subassembly for III-V semiconductor solar cells |
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US10411645B1 (en) | 2016-05-09 | 2019-09-10 | Solarbos, Inc | Photovoltaic module sourced control power |
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US4045246A (en) * | 1975-08-11 | 1977-08-30 | Mobil Tyco Solar Energy Corporation | Solar cells with concentrators |
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- 1988-11-07 EP EP88909974A patent/EP0347444A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1988-11-07 US US07/392,976 patent/US4964713A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-11-07 WO PCT/DE1988/000688 patent/WO1989005463A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
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Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0534853A1 (de) * | 1991-09-25 | 1993-03-31 | Marc Hoffman | Doppele Refraktion und Total Reflektion nicht abbildender, fester Linse |
US5343330A (en) * | 1991-09-25 | 1994-08-30 | Rousseau Sauve Warren Inc. | Double refraction and total reflection solid nonimaging lens |
EP0539296A1 (de) * | 1991-10-25 | 1993-04-28 | Association Pour La Recherche Et Le Developpement Des Methodes Et Processus Industriels (Armines) | Reflektor für Strahlungsquelle mit einem vorbestimmten maximalen seitlichen Strahlungswinkel |
FR2683051A1 (fr) * | 1991-10-25 | 1993-04-30 | Armines | Reflecteur pour source de rayonnement a angle de rayonnement lateral maximal controle. |
US5369528A (en) * | 1991-10-25 | 1994-11-29 | Association Pour La Recherche Et Le Developpement Des Methodes Et Processus Industriels - A.R.M.I.N.E.S. | Plane or cylindrical reflector for source of radiation |
EP0810409A1 (de) * | 1996-05-21 | 1997-12-03 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Anordnung für Lichtleitsystem |
WO2001050181A1 (fr) * | 2000-01-07 | 2001-07-12 | Honeywell | Dispositif optique monolithique de transmission de lumiere, et bloc optique a voies multiples utilisant un tel dispositif |
FR2803667A1 (fr) * | 2000-01-07 | 2001-07-13 | Honeywell | Dispositif optique de transmission de lumiere, et bloc a voies multiple utilisant un tel dispositif |
GB2417094A (en) * | 2004-08-12 | 2006-02-15 | Innovium Res Ltd | Light collecting element array with tapered light reflecting surfaces |
WO2007036199A3 (de) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-06-21 | Solartec Ag | Konzentrator-photovoltaik-vorrichtung, photovoltaik-einrichtung zur verwendung darin sowie herstellverfahren hierfür |
WO2007149001A2 (en) * | 2006-06-19 | 2007-12-27 | Corneliu Antonovici | Method and structure for solar energy harvesting type glass roof tile |
WO2007149001A3 (en) * | 2006-06-19 | 2008-03-06 | Corneliu Antonovici | Method and structure for solar energy harvesting type glass roof tile |
US9331228B2 (en) | 2008-02-11 | 2016-05-03 | Suncore Photovoltaics, Inc. | Concentrated photovoltaic system modules using III-V semiconductor solar cells |
US9923112B2 (en) | 2008-02-11 | 2018-03-20 | Suncore Photovoltaics, Inc. | Concentrated photovoltaic system modules using III-V semiconductor solar cells |
US9012771B1 (en) | 2009-09-03 | 2015-04-21 | Suncore Photovoltaics, Inc. | Solar cell receiver subassembly with a heat shield for use in a concentrating solar system |
US9806215B2 (en) | 2009-09-03 | 2017-10-31 | Suncore Photovoltaics, Inc. | Encapsulated concentrated photovoltaic system subassembly for III-V semiconductor solar cells |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3741477C2 (de) | 1991-10-02 |
JPH02502500A (ja) | 1990-08-09 |
EP0347444A1 (de) | 1989-12-27 |
DE3741477A1 (de) | 1989-06-22 |
US4964713A (en) | 1990-10-23 |
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