Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B61—RAILWAYS
  • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
  • B61D3/00—Wagons or vans
  • B61D3/10—Articulated vehicles
  • B61D3/12—Articulated vehicles comprising running gear interconnected by loads
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B61—RAILWAYS
  • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
  • B61D3/00—Wagons or vans
  • B61D3/16—Wagons or vans adapted for carrying special loads
  • B61D3/18—Wagons or vans adapted for carrying special loads for vehicles
  • B61D3/182—Wagons or vans adapted for carrying special loads for vehicles specially adapted for heavy vehicles, e.g. public work vehicles, trucks, trailers
  • B61D3/184—Wagons or vans adapted for carrying special loads for vehicles specially adapted for heavy vehicles, e.g. public work vehicles, trucks, trailers the heavy vehicles being of the trailer or semi-trailer type
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B61—RAILWAYS
  • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
  • B61F3/00—Types of bogies
  • B61F3/12—Types of bogies specially modified for carrying adjacent vehicle bodies of articulated trains
  • B61F3/125—Types of bogies specially modified for carrying adjacent vehicle bodies of articulated trains with more than one axle or wheel set

Definitions

• This invention relates to semi-trailers which can run on rails like railway wagons or on the road like road vehicles, in which the transformation from railway semi-trailer to road semi-trailer or vice versa can be carried out without the use of crane, lifting platform or other similar systems.
• the vehicles which can circulate on road and on rails are for the most part semi-trailers which during circulation on the road are placed with the front end on the base plate of a road tractor and, during running on rails, are connected by the rear end, thanks to a coupling device applied at its front end, with the end rear of the preceding semi-trailer.
• the state of the art also includes numerous solutions for solving the problem of the coupling between vehicles, the problem of the application of the railway bogie, of raising the road bogie, of the automations necessary for carrying out the lifting of the plane of the vehicles. , etc ....
• the main object of this invention is to eliminate the drawbacks caused by the application to road / rail semi-trailers of an immovable road bogie.
• Another important object is to provide a single type of bogie adapter to be applied equally to one or the other of the two ends of a convoy of one or more road / rail semi-trailers to allow the rapid formation of convoys mixed consisting of normal rail vehicles and bimodal road / rail vehicles.
• Another important goal is to improve the functionality of bimodal road / rail semi-trailers by providing them with means which allow rapid assembly of both the rail bogie and adapter bogies.
• Another important aim is to provide means making the coupling between the semi-trailers safer and faster, in order to form a railway convoy.
• the invention solves the following problems:
• the first problem is solved by applying to the semi-trailer a removable road bogie, that is to say provided with an independent chassis which includes elastic suspensions of pneumatic or in any case fluid-dynamic type, which can be connected, for operation, to the pneumatic installation of the vehicle, to allow, with the raising and lowering of the semi-trailer, the application of the rail bogie: the bogie is provided means which allow the assembly and disassembly of the semi-trailer, which is provided for this operation.
• a second problem is solved with the design of a bivalent adapter bogie, that is to say that can be applied indif fiercely before or after the semi-trailer, using both the reciprocating coupling means between the semi-trailers and the means which allow the mounting of the railway bogie.
• a third problem is solved thanks to this invention; this is the problem relating to the supply of an automatic coupling device applicable both to semi-trailers and to a bivalent adapter bogie; this device, with greater positional tolerances, allows the coupling by a lowering movement of the front part of the semi-trailer, without the use of either elastic buffers or traction hooks.
• the fourth problem solved by this invention relates to the disassembly of the railway bogies or the bivalent adapter bogie, by means of a device which limits the vertical movement of the rear end of the semi-trailer, that is to say a device which avoids additional displacement about. 100mm. necessary to jump, with the coupling pin secured to the semi-trailer, the rail bogie or adapter bogie.
• Fig. 1 the semi-trailer according to this invention, with the rail bogie in the pre-assembly position and the road bogie removed;
• FIG. 1a a detail of FIG. 1;
• Fig. 2 two examples of maneuvers necessary to change the road / rails attitude
• Fig. 3 a section of the coupling device between the semi-trailers
• Fig. 4 a detail of the coupling device between the hollow sphere and the solid sphere of the coupling device of FIG. 3;
• Fig. 5 a side view of the railway bogie coupled to the rear end of the semi-trailer;
• FIG. 6 a view from above of the two positions assumed the interface of the railway bogie, to allow the application of one of its two ends indifferently;
• Fig. 7 an enlarged detail of the interface of FIG. 6 view from above.
• Fig. 8 with sections XX and YY, the details of the means which allow the interface to rotate relative to the bogie, and its blocking;
• Fig. 9 a front view of the interface connected to the coupling beam of the semi-trailer: the railway bogie is in section;
• Fig. 10 the bivalent adapter bogie which can be applied to both the rear end and the front end of a semi-trailer
• Fig. 11 the same bivalent adapter bogie provided both for applications to the front part and to the rear part of the semi-trailer;
• Fig. 12 a detail of the auxiliary means for blocking the adapter bogie at the front end of the semi-trailer;
• Fig. 13 a detail of the auxiliary blocking device of the adapter bogie intended for mounting at the rear end of the semi-trailer: sections HH of FIG. 11;
• Fig. 14 a detail of the auxiliary locking device of the adapter bogie intended for mounting at the front end of the semi-trailer: sections W-W of FIG. 11;
• Fig. 15 the anti-nesting cross member with the levers which cause the pivots to rotate which ensure the coupling between the semi-trailers on the railway.
• Fig. 16 a section of FIG. 15 in which we note the end-of-travel devices actuated by the anti-interlocking cross member and by the hook locking bolt which provides the interface with the po st é r i eu r pivot of the semi-trailer;
• Fig. 17 the diagram of the pneumatic installation to which the limit switches actuated by the anti-slip bar are connected, which cause the plane of the semi-trailer to be raised or lowered;
• Fig. 18 a fragment of the pneumatic installation of the brakes of the semi-trailer concerned by the additional safety device which acts on the brakes.
• the main characteristic of semi-trailer 1 is the removable road bogie 2 placed in zone 1a of plane 1b, provided with independent fluid-dynamic suspensions, which can be connected to the pneumatic circuit of the semi-trailer. trailer.
• This bogie can be attached to the semi-trailer or unhooked from the semi-trailer both laterally and laterally, using suitable means; in the exemplary embodiment illustrated in these figures, the mounting of the bogie can be carried out laterally with T-sections, 2a, mounted transversely to the bogie, threaded in the grooves 1 to 1 , defo rm ei de nt i que, ob t enu esdansunb â ti 1 are ndu secured to the chassis 1b of the semi-trailer by side members 1c.
• the bogie introduction operation, road 2 can be carried out with various means, such as for example a floor P provided with rollers P 1 , or a spur F also sliding, fig.1.
• the maneuver for introducing the road bogie can be carried out in an identical manner by acting directly on the suspensions of the spur F.
• the road bogie can also be applied by the rear part of the semi-trailer by moving it in the longitudinal direction, after having placed the end of the semi-trailer on the jacks 9, fig.1.
• fig. 2 are illustrated the maneuvers for changing the road / rail attitude thanks to the use of a spur F or of the floor P.
• phase a the end of the load surface 1b of the semi-trailer is raised using the pneumatic suspension of the wheels 2b of the road bogie 2, fig. 7, to insert the pivot 3 integral with the semi-trailer in the groove 4c of the interface 4 of the railway bogie.
• phase b after coupling the railway bogie CF, the road bogie is removed with the sliding spur F, actuated by fluidodynamic means, while the semi-trailer is placed previously on its legs 8, thus allowing the road tractor , fig. 1, to detach from the coupling pin 7 applied previously to the plane of the semi-trailer.
• phase c 1 of fig. 2 the semi-trailer is moved so that the road bogie mounts on the sliding floor P, placed on the rails, and then the rail bogie is moved and applied: the suspensions of the road bogie need only make small vertical movements adaptation, since thanks to the floor P, the rear end of the semi-trailer is automatically positioned at the height necessary to insert the pivot 3 in the groove 4c of the interface of the railway bogie.
• phase c 2 the road bogie is removed with the plane P on which it is superimposed in phase c 1 : the semi-trailer is placed on the legs 8 so that its front end is raised enough to allow coupling to another semi-trailer.
• Phase d shows two semi-trailers after the reciprocal coupling: the coupling is obtained by lowering the front end of one of the two semi-trailers so that the cavity ⁇ a of its coupling device is superimposed on the sphere 5 mounted on the rear end of the other semi-trailer.
• the coupling between the semi-trailers on rails is carried out with the device illustrated in figs. 3 e 4.
• This device consists of two spherical surface bodies, one hollow 6 mounted at the anterior end of each semitrailer in correspondence with the longitudinal plane of symmetry, and the other spherical 5 obtained in a block of molten steel, placed at the rear end of each semi-trailer.
• the sphere 5 is mounted on a slide 10 sliding in a guide 11, reacted by an elastic means 8 made of rubber.
• a pin 13 by means of the lever 14 ensures the reciprocal connection of the sphere 5 to the groove 6a so as to allow a relative rotation about an axis normal to the plane of the iron, to allow the inscription in the turns even with a minimum radius of 90 or 75 mm.
• An important characteristic of the device resides in the coupling movement which is carried out by applying, by a displacement from top to bottom, the cavity 6a on the sphere 5.
• the external surface of the sphere is extended for +/- 105 °, from the vertical, on the longitudinal plane and for approximately +/- 80 ° on the transverse plane of the vehicle.
• this spherical body 5 is justified by the need to allow simultaneous rotations around two orthogonal axes between them, with the result of the closing forces of the coupling inclined, with respect to the vertical, by a maximum of +/- 80 ° in the longitudinal plane (vertical force of 20 tonnes and horizontal effort of 100 ⁇ 120 tonnes) and +/- 20 ° in the transverse plane (vertical effort of 20 tonnes and horizontal effort of 10 tonnes to balance the centrifugal force in the turns).
• the device which allows the CF rail bogie to be mounted at the rear end 17 of the semi-trailer consists of a box beam 4, fig.
• a coupling pin R 2 coupled to the bogie R 1 of the bogie thanks to the pivot R 3 provided with a die at the end, is secured to the lower surface of the interface.
• the interface 4 is blocked at the end of the semi-trailer, after a pivot 3 secured to the transverse beam Le 17 of the semi-trailer is inserted in the groove 4c, fig.
• the lock is formed by a rod, provided with a 4th handle and it remains in the unlocking position of the hook 4d when the notch 4f is inserted in the lateral edge of the interface.
• the interface can pivot, around the axis of the pivot R 3 of the bogie plate, by 180 °, fig. 6, to allow coupling of the bogie to the semi-trailer, by the two ends, by means of a bar threaded into the tube 19 which is integral with it.
• the studs 27 inserted in the holes 4h are removed from the interface, which, because of the presence of the stops 27a, allow only the rotations of +/- 5 ° around the axis of the pivot R 3 of the toad.
• the rotation of the interface is facilitated by an annular plate 23 integral with the bogie CF, on which it is placed by means of rollers 24 so that its plane remains horizontal even during rotation, see fig. 8.
• the plates 22, fig. 9, made of anti-friction material, are intended to reduce the friction which takes place during the coupling of the interface with the semi-trailer; the sliding of the forks 18 in the tubular cavities 18a is facilitated by the presence of anti-friction metal plates 18b.
• the blocking of the interface of the railway bogie to the semi-trailer, fig. 9, is also insured, in an emergency, by two studs 25; each stud slides in one of the two holes 4g of the cross-member 17 of the semi-trailer and slides into the corresponding hole 4g1, with a vertical axis, in the interface 4.
• the studs are maneuvered by the levers 25a so as to unlock in at the same time the interface 4 of the crosspiece 17, fig. 9, during the uncoupling operations of the rail bogie and adapter bogies.
• the AC adapter bogie is shown in fig. 10: fig. 11 illustrates the two possibilities for which it is provided, to allow application both at the front end and at the rear end of the semi-trailer.
• the cross members CA 2 have the ends CA 2 / E inclined downwards, fig. 10: the fins CA 2 / A are also shaped so as to form a mouth , to facilitate the insertion of the pivot 3 of the semi-trailer into the groove 4c, fig. 7, maintaining their surface at the same level as the upper wing of the double-T beams, CA 2 .
• the interface 4CA and the connected frames CA 1 and CA 2 are held in a horizontal position by a device 29, by means of a hook 29a which engages with the pin 28 secured to the rail bogie.
• This device 29 is also provided with forks 29c which cause an additional blocking of the frame CA 2 with the frame 1b of the semi-trailer, fig. 10, 13, 14, when the adapter bogie is coupled to the semi-trailer: the operations of the device 29 are carried out using a small flywheel 29d, supported by a crow 29e, which actuates gears placed in a box 29b.
• the adapter bogie is applied in the same way as for coupling with the CF rail bogie, using the same coupling means.
• the pivot 3 secured to the interface 1b of the semi-trailer and the other blocking means of the frame CA 2 constituted by the hooks 29c.
• the coupling sphere 5CA is used, similar to that used for reciprocally coupling the semi-trailers; this sphere is threaded into the cavity 6a of the coupling device 6 of the semi-trailer: the additional locking means of the adapter bogie, fig. 14, are the same hooks 29c, which engage with the lower wings of the double T profiles forming the frame 1b of the semi-trailer, which, in correspondence with the front end, has a lower height.
• the frame CA 2 is provided with means such as for example bodies of cubic or parallelepiped shape 30, FIG. 12, 13 and 14, which are connected by hinges 30c to the frame.
• CA 2 and can rotate so as to form a support plane of a higher height, that is to say equal to the height fixed by the coupling sphere 5CA, to allow the blocking of the frame CA2 of the adapter bogie with the frame 1b of the semi-trailer in the area where the latter frame is at a lower height.
• the 4CA interface of the adapter bogie is in a position such that it cannot be applied to the corresponding end of the semi-trailer, simply rotate the 180 ° interface around the pivot R 3 of the clip to allow application with the means provided for this: with the application of the adapter bogie, the CA 1 / R stops, fig. 10 and 11, allow the coupling of the semi-trailer to a traditional bogie.
• the semi-vertical plates 30a, fig. 10, 12 and 14, are intended to center the front end of the semi-trailer on the adapter bogie during the coupling operation between the sphere 5CA and the hollow sphere 6a of the device 6 mounted at the front end of the semi-trailer trailer: the CA 3 stop also comes into play, preventing unnecessary longitudinal movements.
• fig. 15 and 16 is illustrated the operation of the anti-nesting bar AI by the lever 33; this lever rotates around the pivot 33a, and it is integral with a plate 33c; this plate has a shape such that, by pivoting when it is not engaged with the rod 34 maneuvered by the lever 34e reacted by the spring 34b, it causes, with the small rod 33e and the rod 33d, the rotation of the safety hitch 15 around the pivot 33f so that, by superimposing the hollow sphere 6a on the sphere 5, the pins 15a of the safety hitch 15 mentioned above are inserted, fig.5, in the holes 16 of the large plate forming the plane, ensuring an additional coupling between the semi-trailers.
• the pneumatic installation which allows the front part of the semi-trailer to be raised by means of the SP bogie suspensions to apply the CF rail bogie or alternatively the adapter bogie, fig. 17, includes a limit switch 31 actuated by the anti-nesting bar AI when it pivots upward to allow circulation on the railway; the end of the stroke, by acting on the valves 36, deactivates the level valve 35 and causes the semi-trailer to rise, by inflating the cylinders SP of the suspensions of the road bogie: the air arrives through one of the reservoirs provided for this, and the maximum height is fixed by the limit stop valve 32.
• Braking can also be caused by an operation of the handle 4e which acts on the latch 4b, see fig. 18.
• the chassis of the semi-trailer, the rail bogie and the road bogie form three separable and interchangeable components, which can be built and used separately: this makes it possible to reduce the number of road or rail bogies compared to the number of closed chassis or not of each semi-trailer, since the use of the two bogies cannot be carried out separately, but the use of the first excludes the use of the second.
• the use of semi-trailers according to this invention therefore allows a drastic reduction in the cost of vehicles for road / rail transport, with all the advantages which result therefrom.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
• Vehicle Cleaning, Maintenance, Repair, Refitting, And Outriggers (AREA)
• Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=27230704

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

Cited By (7)

Citations (6)

• 1988
  • 1988-10-17 HU HU886015A patent/HU212172B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1988-10-17 AU AU25492/88A patent/AU2549288A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1988-10-17 WO PCT/EP1988/000930 patent/WO1989003784A1/fr active Application Filing
• 1989
  • 1989-11-28 BG BG90479A patent/BG60906B1/bg unknown
  • 1989-12-04 FI FI895791A patent/FI895791A0/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1990
  • 1990-02-02 DK DK027690A patent/DK27690D0/da not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (6)

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