WO1989000888A1 - Appareil d'extrusion et de sechage de materiaux humides en vrac, tels que des dechets organiques - Google Patents

Appareil d'extrusion et de sechage de materiaux humides en vrac, tels que des dechets organiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1989000888A1
WO1989000888A1 PCT/DK1988/000128 DK8800128W WO8900888A1 WO 1989000888 A1 WO1989000888 A1 WO 1989000888A1 DK 8800128 W DK8800128 W DK 8800128W WO 8900888 A1 WO8900888 A1 WO 8900888A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
drying
strings
cords
drum
water
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DK1988/000128
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Mogens Fritze
Gabriel Da Silva Pinto
Original Assignee
Vølund Miljøteknik A/S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DK391587A external-priority patent/DK391587A/da
Priority claimed from DK391387A external-priority patent/DK391387A/da
Priority claimed from DK391487A external-priority patent/DK391487A/da
Application filed by Vølund Miljøteknik A/S filed Critical Vølund Miljøteknik A/S
Publication of WO1989000888A1 publication Critical patent/WO1989000888A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/30—Mincing machines with perforated discs and feeding worms
    • B02C18/36—Knives or perforated discs
    • B02C18/362—Knives

Definitions

  • An apparatus for extruding and drying moist bulk mate ⁇ rial e.g. organic waste material.
  • the present invention relates to an apparatus of the kind set forth in the preamble of claim 1.
  • a combination of knives and perforated discs similar to those known from e.g. meat mincers , wil l at al l speeds of rotation, however, show a tendency towards moving material to the perifery, and this causes a dynamic pressure increase near the perifery, for which reason the material strings or cords in this region will be extruded with a somewhat higher velocity than closer to the centre of theperf orated disc.
  • Cl aim 2 refers to an embodiment having been shown by practical trials to be wel l suited for achieving the desired effect.
  • the apparatus comprises a number of interchangeabl e knife sets with differing geometry, so that it is possible to choose a knife set with the optimal shape for each material.
  • the present invention relates to an apparatus of the kind set forth in the preamble of claim 3.
  • extruded material strings or cords are, of course, most humid and hence most sticky immediately upon leaving the higher-level feeding and comminuting unit, whilst these strings or cords further down in the drying chamber, i.e. within the perforated screen, are considerab ly more dry and hence l ess or not at al l sticky.
  • cl aim 4 is preferred, as this embodiment makes it possibl e for the higher part of the screen to lie at a safe distance from the relatively humid upper parts of the strings or cords, whil st the somewhat narrower lower part of the screen has a certain col ⁇ lecting and control ling effect on the more dry parts, which may be advantageous with regard to the so-cal led "post-dryer” , e.g. a rotating drying drum, in which the final drying to complete dryness occurs.
  • post-dryer e.g. a rotating drying drum
  • the embodiment set forth in cl aim 5 provides for a large flow cross-section for the hot gas, at the same time as the horizontal orientation of the openings prevents the general ly vertical ly extending material strings or cords from penetrating through the ope ⁇ nings .
  • the present invention relates to an apparatus of the kind set forth in the preamble of claim 7.
  • the drying drum has been completely or partly open at its inl et end in order to permit the introduction of the material to be dried, e.g. by using a feed gutter or chute protruding into the drying drum.
  • This arrange- ment is the cause of a number of problems, not least with regard to the requisite sealing in order to prevent the hot gas from leaving the drum or from being "diluted” with external air, and will also increase the length of the apparatus, said length already being undesirably large due to the presence of the drum.
  • the material to be dried wi l l be introduced from above in the drying drum, i. e. it fal l s down into the drum from the pre- vious processing unit.
  • the material is. , sticky, there wil l thus be a certain risk that the material fal ling down through the upper, open closure f laps on the lower, closed closure f l aps with considerable force and adheres to the latter.
  • This disadvantage may be avoided using the embodiment set forth in claim 10, in which the receiving means partly prevents the falling material from hitting the closed flaps below in the drum directly, partly is kept sufficiently hot for the material not tending to stick to the receiving means.
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatic overall view of a plant for drying sludge, in which plant an appara- tus according to the invention constitutes a component part.
  • Figure 2 is a diagrammatic sectional view showing those parts of the plant, in which the ex ⁇ trusion and a part of the drying of the moist material is effected,
  • Figure 3 shows a knife set for use in a press section shown in Fig. 3
  • Figure 4 being a partial section at the line IV-IV in Fig. 2 shows important components in the inlet portion of the drying drum.
  • Sludge e.g. in the form "bio-mass" with a water content of up to 90 per cent or more, is received in a receiving pit 1, that may be closed with a cover 2 and close to the bottom contains a screw conveyor 3 feed ⁇ ing a sludge pump 4.
  • the sludge pump 4 delivers the sludge through a valve 5 and a flowmeter 6 as well as a further valve 8 to a first buffer tank 9 comprising weighing equipment 10.
  • the sludge, in the worm itself being mixed with recirculated dried solid mate ⁇ rial from a cyclone 20, is conveyed to a press section 12, in which the sludge, having become somewhat more thick-flowing by the addition of the recirculated material and hence easier to shape, is shaped into cords or strings, which immediately after having been formed fall or flow downwards into a pre-drier 14, in which the strings are subjected to a partial drying by contact with hot recirculated flue gas from the plant's combustion furnace 33, the flue gases of which also are utilized in a known manner for heating a boiler 34, from which they are conducted to a chimney 36 through a smoke filter 35.
  • the material From the pre-dryer 14 the material, at this stage being partly dried, falls in the form of short pieces of string or cord downwards into a drying drum 15, the inlet 16 of which in a manner to be described in more detail below is connected to the outlet from the pre- dryer 14, and the outlet 17 of which opens, partly into a second buffer tank 18 for solid material, partly into a flue-gas recirculation conduit 28, that conducts the flue gas back to a suitable place in the furnace 33 through an induced-draft blower 29.
  • the dried material from the drying drum 15 having been collected in the second buffer tank 18 is blown by means of a ejector 19 with feeder and blower into the mixed-material inlet on the cyclone 20, in which the conveying air is separated out and conducted to the furnace 33 through a conveying-air conduit 31 as com ⁇ bustion-supporting air with the heat content it has received from the solid material in the second buffer tank 18, said material thereby being somewhat cooled after having been dried in the drying drum 15 with the hot flue gas flowing from the pre-dryer 14.
  • the cyclone 20 has two outlets for solid material: a recirculation outlet 21 and a discharge outlet 22.
  • the recirculation outlet 21 constitutes a part of the connection referred to above between the cyclone 20 and the feed worm 11 in the press section 12, while the discharge outlet 22 may optionally deliver the dried solid material out from the plant, e.g. as shown to a lorry, or through a bucket conveyor 23 (or an ⁇ other suitable conveyor) to the combustion furnace 33, where it is introduced into the furnace hopper 37 through e.g. a supply worm 24.
  • the temperature in that part of the hot flue gas from the furnace 33 being removed through a flue-gas inlet 25 and a slide valve 26 may be lowered according to need by adding cooling air through a cooling-air inlet 27.
  • This cooling air will, of course, end up as com- bustion-supporting air in the furnace 33, and thus will not cause any heat to be wasted.
  • the plant also comprises various sensors and control means (not shown), so that the significant parameters, e.g. temperature, humidity, flow and weight may be sensed during the operation, which may be controlled in dependence of the parameters and using suitable functional programmes by influencing the various components of the plant and the material flows between them with a view to achieving the de ⁇ sired parameter values.
  • the significant parameters e.g. temperature, humidity, flow and weight
  • suitable functional programmes by influencing the various components of the plant and the material flows between them with a view to achieving the de ⁇ sired parameter values.
  • the moisture being given off from the sludge in the pre-dryer 14 and the drying drum 15 flows in the form of water vapour through the flue-gas recirculation conduit 28 to the combustion furnace 33 and from the furnace through the flue-gas channels of the boiler 34, the smoke filter 35 and the chimney 36 to atmos ⁇ phere.
  • the heat content in this water vapour may to a greater or lesser extent be utilized by conducting the mixture of flue gas and water vapour through the primary side in a heat exchanger (not shown), through the secondary side of which flows the sludge from the receiving pit 1 or some other medium to be heated.
  • a heat exchanger not shown
  • Fig. 2 shows a worm press, the inlet 39 of which is connected to the feed worm 11 shown in Fig. 1, and which also comprises a cylindri ⁇ cal housing 40,41, in the first part 40 of which, in which the inlet 39 opens, is rotatably supported a knife-and-disc assembly 43 coaxially with the pressing worm 42, the last perforated disc 44 of said assembly 43 terminating the assembly downwardly.
  • the press worm 43 is driven by a hollow drive shaft 45, in which is placed a drive shaft 46 for driving the knives in the knife-and-disc assembly 43 r so that the two parts may be driven with mutually independent controllable speeds by means of suitable drive means (not shown), such as electric gear motors or the like.
  • the press section 12 is in principle constructed in the same manner as e.g. a meat-mincing machine, for which reason its detailed construction is not shown on the drawing, with a single exception.
  • the exception consists in that the knife sets, or at least the knife set 47 placed closest to and cooperating with the last perforated disc 44, cf. Fig. 3, is/are constructed with a view to counteract the centrifugal action that occurs during the rotation of the knives and therefore otherwise would increase the pressure at a distance from the axis of rotation, so that more material would be extruded through the holes of the last perforated disc 44 at its periphery than in the region around its centre.
  • each knife 48 in the knife set 47 is bent forward in the direction of rotation 49, so that the knives 48 during their rotation so to speak "scoop" the material in towards the centre and thus counteract ' the centrifugal action. It may be necessary to use knives with a greater or lesser curvature, depending on the operat ⁇ ing conditions, such as the speed of rotation, the viscosity of the thickened sludge etc., not forgetting that the adhesion of the sludge to the perforated discs may influence the dynamic conditions.
  • An uneven heat exchange may thus in the worst case cause some of the material in the pre-dryer 14 to catch fire, whilst other parts of the material when leaving the pre-dryer still have the form of a more or less thick pulp, unsuitable for treatment in the drying drum 15, as the material may easily stick to the inside wall or other parts of the drying drum and form crusts or "cakes".
  • the knife set 47 in a manner otherwise known may consist of a common, generally cross-shaped body por ⁇ tion 50 with a non-circular whole 51 for insertion upon and driving by the drive shaft 46, whilst on the upstream and downstream side of each of the four arms 48 (the number may be larger or smaller) there are secured hard-metal edges 48a for cooperation with the perforated disc or discs.
  • the force with which the knives are pressed against the perforated discs may be varied in a known manner by means of suitable means (not shown) with a view to achieving a suitable compromise between on the one hand the desire for an efficient cutting of any fibres in the material and on the other hand a limited consumption of mechanical energy, including heating of the knives and the perforated discs beyond their per- mitted maximum temperatures.
  • suitable cooling means e.g. a water jacket, that especially cools the region at the last perforated disc 44.
  • the pre-dryer 14 con ⁇ sists of a fire-proof or heat-proof housing 52, in the cealing of which there is an opening 53, in which the lower part of the knife-and-disc assembly 43 is placed with the lower side of the last perforated disc 44 generally aligned with the lower side of the ceiling in the housing 52.
  • the cooling jacket (not shown) referred to above may be situated in the space between the wall of the opening 53 and the outside of the second housing section 41 of the press section 12.
  • Within the housing 52 there is formed a generally circularly cylindrical drying chamber 54, that is open at the bottom and which at one side is connected to a gas- inlet 55, the latter in turn 1 , cf. Fig.
  • a perforated screen 56 preferably in the form of a cylindrical or slightly conically downwardly converging curved sheet of heat- resistant stainless steel with horizontal slits 57, of which only a small number is shown in Fig. 2.
  • the screen 56 surrounds the region, in which the material being extruded from the last perforated disc 44 enters the drying chamber 54 from above.
  • strings or cords of relatively wet material are extruded from the last perforated disc 44 and continue moving downward through the drying chamber 54 within the screen 56, whilst hot flue gas flows in through the inlet 55 and through the screen 56 acting as a pressure distributor and out below, where the drying chamber 54 is open, or rather connected to the inlet 16 in the drying drum 15; in this connection, the latter may be described as a "post-dryer".
  • the screen 56 allows the hot flue gas to flow inwardly and partially dry the material strings, the latter eventually being ruptured by their own weight and falling down into the drying drum 15, whilst the screen 56 at the same time prevents any gas vortices, that may easily form in the drying chamber 54, from throwing pieces of half-moist material out ⁇ wardly against the walls of the housing 52, where otherwise they cound readily form "cakes" and prevent further operation.
  • horizontal slits 57 it is possible to achieve a large flow area for the flue gas, at the same time as the generally vertically extending material strings are prevented from getting through the screen 56.
  • the hot flue gas will heat the screen 56, and it is assumed that any moist material 5 strings or pieces of such coming into contact with the screen will be repelled from it in a similar way as drops of water from a hot surface, cf. the so-called Leidenfrost-effect. Thus, experience has shown that no coating is formed on the screen 56.
  • the drying drum 15, being only partially shown in Figs. 2 and 4, comprises the inlet 16 and the outlet 17, the latter only being shown in 20 Fig. 1.
  • the drum 15 is in a known manner supported for rotation about its own longitudinal axis, e.g. by means of rollers 58 and a shaft bearing 59, cooperat ⁇ ing with a rolling hoop 60 and a shaft 61 respective ⁇ ly.
  • the rolling hoop 60 is in a known manner placed to . 25 encircle the drum 15, whilst the shaft 61 is secured to the inside of the drum by means of three “spiders" 62,63 and 64 and projects outwardly through a statio ⁇ nary inlet housing 65, which may be adapted to support the drying chamber housing 52.
  • the inlet housing 65 is open above, so that the space within the screen 56 acting as a pressure distributor is in direct communication with the internal space of the drying drum 15.
  • the rotating drying drum 15 is likewise open above whilst being closed below, and this is only possible because it is equipped with a circular assembly of closure flaps 66, which in the exemplary embodiment shown are freely pivoted about axes 67 at the periphery of the drying drum 15 and parallel with each other and with the longitudinal axis of the drum.
  • Each flap 66 reaches a distance beyond the axis 67 of the next flap, and when the drum is turned in the direction of rotation 68 shown in Fig. 4, the flaps 66 will be open at the top and closed at the bottom. In this manner it is possible to avoid the problems with introducing the material from the end of the drum.
  • the closure flaps 66 are, as stated above, freely pivoted about the axes 67, but in certain cases, especially when treating sludge having a tendency to stick to solid surfaces, it may be expedient to move the closure flaps in a positive manner.
  • a suitably curved control track (not shown) extending about the drum and cooperating with a con ⁇ trol arm (not shown) on each flap, said control arms preferably being resilient in order to avoid over ⁇ loading of the control mechanism, if a flap were to be blocked temporarily by a material lump or the like.
  • the guard 69 is preferably made of heat-resistant sheet material with a high thermal conductivity, " so that it may be kept hot and "repel" the falling material strings in a similar manner to the screen 56 in the drying chamber 54.
  • the guard 69 will, of course, have a considerably higher tangential speed than the shaft 61, for which reason the falling lumps of material will be distributed with a considerably lower distri- bution density in the direction of rotation. Thus, each blob or lump will fall in a new place, which will have had time to have been sufficiently heated by the hot gas from the previous time it was hit by a lump or blob or material.
  • the drying drum 15 may be equipped with internal guide ribs or blades with a view to increasing the heat exchange and/or movement of the material being dried towards to outlet 17.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Dans une unité de broyage et d'extrusion (12), dans laquelle la masse mouillée est transformée par extrusion dans un dispositif à couteaux et à disques (43) en éléments ayant la forme de ficelle s ou de cordes (non représentées), lesdits éléments, en provenance du dernier disque perforé (44) dudit dispositif, descendent dans une chambre de séchage (54), à travers laquelle s'écoulent des gaz de fumée chauds servant à sécher lesdits éléments. Cette nouvelle unité se caractérise par le fait qu'au moins le dernier ensemble de couteaux (47) a une forme conçue pour s'opposer à l'action centrifuge créée par la rotation des couteaux, chaque couteau (48) étant par exemple incurvé vers l'avant dans la direction de rotation (49). Grâce à cet agencement, la pression d'extrusion à différentes distances de l'axe de rotation reste sensiblement constante, raison pour laquelle tous les éléments sont extrudés avec une vitesse sensiblement identique, ce qui permet un traitement uniforme desdits éléments en forme de ficelles ou de cordons, sans que certains d'entre eux ne risquent d'être surchauffés et éventuellement de s'enflammer, alors que d'autres sont insuffisament séchés et gênent par exemple l'action d'un tambour de séchage placé en aval (15).
PCT/DK1988/000128 1987-07-27 1988-07-27 Appareil d'extrusion et de sechage de materiaux humides en vrac, tels que des dechets organiques WO1989000888A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK391587A DK391587A (da) 1987-07-27 1987-07-27 Apparat til toerring af fugtigt massegods f.eks. organisk affald
DK391387A DK391387A (da) 1987-07-27 1987-07-27 Apparat til strengpresning og toerring af fugtigt massegods, f.eks. organisk affald
DK3914/87 1987-07-27
DK391487A DK391487A (da) 1987-07-27 1987-07-27 Apparat til toerring af udpressede strenge af fugtigt massegods, f.eks. organisk affald
DK3913/87 1987-07-27
DK3915/87 1987-07-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1989000888A1 true WO1989000888A1 (fr) 1989-02-09

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Country Link
WO (1) WO1989000888A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0787530A1 (fr) * 1995-09-21 1997-08-06 Evolution S.r.l. Ensemble de coupe pour machines industrielles à hacher
ITVI20080251A1 (it) * 2008-10-28 2010-04-29 Cartigliano Off Spa Metodo ed apparato per l'essicazione di rifiuti umidi, nonche' impianto e metodo di trattamento di reflui che comprende tale apparato.
EP3421913A1 (fr) 2017-06-28 2019-01-02 Danmarks Tekniske Universitet Installation de séchage de boue, procédé de séchage de boue et utilisation d'une installation de séchage de boue
WO2020088719A1 (fr) 2018-11-01 2020-05-07 Danmarks Tekniske Universitet Installation de séchage de lisier, procédé de séchage de lisier et utilisation d'une installation de séchage de lisier

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE425258C (de) * 1926-02-15 Buettner Werke A G Fa Vorrichtung zum Stauen von Trockengut in Trockentrommeln mit gleichzeitigem Austritt fuer das Heizgas
FR606002A (fr) * 1925-09-30 1926-06-05 Perfectionnements aux hache-viande
US1906609A (en) * 1928-09-04 1933-05-02 Eugen Esslen Meat chopper
GB588616A (en) * 1944-08-24 1947-05-29 Ferranti Ltd Improvements relating to processes and apparatus for the drying of grain, seed or other granular material
FR1003024A (fr) * 1946-11-21 1952-03-13 Perfectionnements apportés aux moyens pour le séchage de matières pulvérulentes ou granuleuses, notamment des graines végétales
US3323222A (en) * 1965-02-17 1967-06-06 Welding Engineers Apparatus and method for dewatering and drying rubber
DE2241264A1 (de) * 1971-08-26 1973-03-08 Amf Inc Trockentrommel
US4304054A (en) * 1980-04-21 1981-12-08 The B. F. Goodrich Company Screw press for drying elastomeric polymers

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE425258C (de) * 1926-02-15 Buettner Werke A G Fa Vorrichtung zum Stauen von Trockengut in Trockentrommeln mit gleichzeitigem Austritt fuer das Heizgas
FR606002A (fr) * 1925-09-30 1926-06-05 Perfectionnements aux hache-viande
US1906609A (en) * 1928-09-04 1933-05-02 Eugen Esslen Meat chopper
GB588616A (en) * 1944-08-24 1947-05-29 Ferranti Ltd Improvements relating to processes and apparatus for the drying of grain, seed or other granular material
FR1003024A (fr) * 1946-11-21 1952-03-13 Perfectionnements apportés aux moyens pour le séchage de matières pulvérulentes ou granuleuses, notamment des graines végétales
US3323222A (en) * 1965-02-17 1967-06-06 Welding Engineers Apparatus and method for dewatering and drying rubber
DE2241264A1 (de) * 1971-08-26 1973-03-08 Amf Inc Trockentrommel
US4304054A (en) * 1980-04-21 1981-12-08 The B. F. Goodrich Company Screw press for drying elastomeric polymers

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0787530A1 (fr) * 1995-09-21 1997-08-06 Evolution S.r.l. Ensemble de coupe pour machines industrielles à hacher
ITVI20080251A1 (it) * 2008-10-28 2010-04-29 Cartigliano Off Spa Metodo ed apparato per l'essicazione di rifiuti umidi, nonche' impianto e metodo di trattamento di reflui che comprende tale apparato.
EP3421913A1 (fr) 2017-06-28 2019-01-02 Danmarks Tekniske Universitet Installation de séchage de boue, procédé de séchage de boue et utilisation d'une installation de séchage de boue
WO2020088719A1 (fr) 2018-11-01 2020-05-07 Danmarks Tekniske Universitet Installation de séchage de lisier, procédé de séchage de lisier et utilisation d'une installation de séchage de lisier
CN113167528A (zh) * 2018-11-01 2021-07-23 丹麦技术大学 浆料干燥设备、浆料干燥方法和浆料干燥设备的用途

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