WO1988002762A1 - Produits polymeres en chlorure de vinyle - Google Patents

Produits polymeres en chlorure de vinyle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1988002762A1
WO1988002762A1 PCT/EP1987/000572 EP8700572W WO8802762A1 WO 1988002762 A1 WO1988002762 A1 WO 1988002762A1 EP 8700572 W EP8700572 W EP 8700572W WO 8802762 A1 WO8802762 A1 WO 8802762A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition according
composition
parts
vinyl chloride
phosphate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1987/000572
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English (en)
Inventor
Jean Riviere
Eduard Andries Wokke
Original Assignee
Dunlop-Cct S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dunlop-Cct S.A. filed Critical Dunlop-Cct S.A.
Priority to KR1019880700654A priority Critical patent/KR880701757A/ko
Publication of WO1988002762A1 publication Critical patent/WO1988002762A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
    • C08K5/37—Thiols
    • C08K5/378—Thiols containing heterocyclic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
    • C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
    • C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
    • C08K5/521—Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4

Definitions

  • VINYL CHLORIDE POLYMER PRODUCTS This invention relates to the production of vinyl chloride polymer products, particularly to products in which the vinyl chloride polymer is cured using a s-triazme derivative having at least two thiol substituent and/or a salt of such a derivative, and to compositions suitable for making such products.
  • plasticized non-curable (non-crosslmkable) vinyl chloride compositions also known as plastisols.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a curable (cross- linkable) vinyl chloride polymer composition which can be heat-cured to produce a product having a high flame retardancy coupled with high tnermal stability, solvent-resistance and strength. Also, in relation to the production of moulded products from curable vinyl chloride polymer compositions, an object of the invention is to reduce or eliminate the cooling stage which often is necessary prior to de-moulding, and thereby to save time and expense in commercial production, without detriment to the product.
  • One utilisation of this invention relates to fibre-reinforced products, for example mechanical belting, especially conveyor belting, and particularly to the carcass thereof.
  • Mechanical belting typically has a basic structure of a carcass consisting primarily of a textile component embedded in or impregnated with a plastics, resin or rubber, to provide tensile strength, and a cover material of a plastics or rubber to protect the carcass and to provide a surface for transmitting the drive force on the belting.
  • One form of mechanical belting is conveyor belting, which usually is in laminar sheet form, for conveying materials to be treated or transported.
  • the present invention is especially applicable to conveyor belting having a carcass of synthetic and/or natural textile fibre in a polymer composition of which the polymer component consists at least partially of a vinyl chloride polymer and which is consolidated by curing to achieve 2. dimensional stability.
  • products made in accordance with the invention usually have a high resistance to attack by organic solvents, oils and the like, a high ageing resistance owing to inhibited migration of piasticizer, a high strength and good low-temperature properties (especially retention of elastomeric properties).
  • the curable compositions of the invention usually have high cure efficiency.
  • a curable vinyl chloride polymer composition comprising a phosphate piasticizer and a triazine derivative selected from 2-substituted-4,6-dithiol-s-triazines and salts thereof.
  • a cured ⁇ > vinyl chloride polymer product made by a method comprising subjecting the aforesaid composition to curing conditions.
  • a method of making a moulded product comprising heating the aforesaid composition in a mould to cure the composition and removing the cured moulded composition from the mould at a temperature of at least 60°C.
  • a mechanical belting carcass comprising textile fibre and the aforesaid vinyl chloride polymer composition which has been cured in a mould and removed therefrom as defined above.
  • the vinyl chloride polymer for use in the present invention may be poly(vinyl chloride) or a copolymer of vinyl chloride with, for example, vinyl acetate or vinylidene chloride.
  • the vinyl chloride polymer may be the sole polymer component of the composition or the composition may include one or more additional polymers, for example a rubber such as a butadiene/acrylonitrile, polychloroprene or natural rubber.
  • the triazine derivative employed as the curative in the present invention preferably should be able to co-cure the vinyl chloride polymer and the rubber.
  • the curable composition may be employed as a paste or plastisol comprising microsuspended or emulsified vinyl chloride polymer.
  • the composition can include a filler of solid particles of vinyl chloride polymer such as pol (vinyl chloride) or a copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl " acetate.
  • a filler suitably has a mean particle size of less than 60 u and may be present in an amount of, for example, up to 30 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of microsuspended vinyl chloride polymer.
  • the triazine derivative usually is in the form of a water-insoluble non-flammable powder.
  • a preferred 2- substituent in the triazine • derivative is a further thiol (-SH) group or a tertiary amino substituent, especially dibutylamino (-N(C.H_),-,) .
  • a tertiary amino substituent especially dibutylamino (-N(C.H_),-,) .
  • suitable tertiary amino substituents include -NHCgH 5 , -NCC ⁇ )-, - (CH 3 ) 2 and -NfCH-CgH-)-, and an example of an alternative substituent is -OCgH-.
  • a preferred salt of the triazine derivative is the magnesium salt, which may be produced in situ in the vinyl chloride polymer composition.
  • Examples of du salts include other metal salts such as the monosodium, disodium, mono- potassium, dipotassium, calcium and barium salts, onium salts and quinine salts.
  • a suitable amount of triazine derivative or salt thereof is in the range 2 to 6 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of vinyl chloride polymer.
  • the phosphate piasticizer may have alkyl and/or aryl and/or alkaryl groups.
  • Especially suitable plasticizers have at least two aryl and/or alkaryl groups. Examples are isopropylated triaryl phosphate, diphenyl cresyl phosphate and octyl diphenyl phosphate.
  • phosphate plasticizers result in an unexpected higher cure efficiency than do non-phosphate plasticizers such as alkyl phthalates and alkyl sulphonic esters of phenol and cresol, and confer an unexpected high level of flame retardancy on the cured product.
  • a phosphate piasticizer may be employed together with one or more non-phosphate, plasticizers, and in some cases, for instance when a low viscosity composition is desirable, such a piasticizer combination may be preferred.
  • a suitable piasticizer combination is found to be a phosphate:non-phosphate (for example an alkyl phthalate) piasticizer weight ratio in the range 95:5 to 80:20, depending on the final properties required. Such a combination normally produces low viscosity compositions which may be cured to a high degree (such as substantially lQ0_) even with relatively small proportions of triazine derivative, an confers a high level of flame retardancy.
  • a suitable total amount of piasticizer may be in the range 40 to 120 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of vinyl chloride polymer.
  • the vinyl chloride polymer composition often may include a basic metal compound such as an oxide, carbonate or carboxylate (e g caprylate) of a metal such as magnesium, calcium, barium, zinc, tin or lead, to activate the curing of the polymer and to accept the halogen atoms eliminated from the polymer.
  • a basic metal compound such as an oxide, carbonate or carboxylate (e g caprylate) of a metal such as magnesium, calcium, barium, zinc, tin or lead, to activate the curing of the polymer and to accept the halogen atoms eliminated from the polymer.
  • a preferred metal compound is magnesium oxide.
  • the amount of metal compound employed suitably is in the range 2 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of vinyl chloride polymer.
  • an advantageous flame- retardant cured product may be obtained without the presence of a basic metal compound such as MgO when the s-triazine derivative is 2,4,6- trithiol-s-triazine, particularly when an organo-tin stabiliser, especially an alkyl-tin stabiliser (e g a butyl-tin stabiliser), is present. It is believed that there is a synergistic coupling system effect between the trithiol-s-triazine, the phosphate piasticizer and the organo-tin stabiliser.
  • a suitable amount of organo-tin stabiliser may be in the range 0.5 to 8 parts by weight, especially 4 to 6 parts , by weight, per 100 parts by weight of vinyl chloride polymer.
  • one or more solid flame-retardants may be included in the compositi ⁇ i. Examples of such flame-retardants are antimony trioxide and alumina trihydrate.
  • An example of a suitable amount of solid flame- retardant is up to 30 parts by weight, for instance up to 15 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of vinyl chloride polymer.
  • Compositions 5 of.the invention containing a solid flame-retardant are found to exhibit a particularly high level of flame-retardancy, synergistically.
  • Onium salts may act as solid-liquid phase transfer catalysts.
  • Suitable onium salts may be represented by the formulae.
  • X a monovalent anion e g Cl, Br, I or HSO. or a polyvalent anion e g SO..
  • the onium salt reacts with the metal salt of the triazine derivative to produce the onium salt of the triazine derivative and the metal salt having the onium salt anion.
  • the efficiency of this 10 reaction increases as the solubility of the metal salt having the onium salt anion decreases in relation to the solubility of the metal salt of the triazine derivative.
  • the onium salt of the 15 triazine derivative may have a greater curing efficiency than does the metal salt of .the triazine derivative, and it may confer an antistatic property.
  • An example of a suitable range of amounts of onium salt in the composition is from 0.5 to 3 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of vinyl chloride polymer.
  • a relatively high proportion of 20. onium salt such as 2 to 3 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of vinyl chloride polymer, it might increase the viscosity and reduce the thermal stability of the composition. Accordingly, a relatively small, catalytic, proportion of onium salt may be preferable, for example about 0.5 to 1 part by weight per 100 parts by weight of 5 vinyl chloride polymer.
  • the composition may also include a polyethyleneglycol or an alkyl ether derivative thereof such as butyl carbitol or triethylene glycol monomethyl ether.
  • a polyethyleneglycol or an alkyl ether derivative thereof such as butyl carbitol or triethylene glycol monomethyl ether.
  • Such an ingredient may accelerate the cure of the vinyl chloride polymer by acting as a co-ordinating agent for the metal 0 cations in the composition.
  • a suitable amount of this ingredient is in the range 2 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of vinyl chloride polymer.
  • the present invention may be utilised to produce cellular (including porous) products by including a cell- (or pore-) forming 5 ingredient in the composition.
  • a chemical blowing agent such as azodicarbonamide may be employed.
  • a suitable amount of azodicarbonamide blowing agent is about 2 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of vinyl chloride polymer.
  • products in accordance with the invention may be useful for flame retardant cushioning applications, for instance floor and other surface coverings.
  • liquid flame-retardants e g chlorinated paraffins and halogenophosphates
  • inorganic fillers e g titanium dioxide
  • viscosity depressants e g N-iuryl benzene sulphonamide, non-ionic fatty acid esters and derivatives thereof
  • co-stabilisers e g epoxidised soya oil
  • An inorganic filler may be present in an amount of, for example, 0.5 to 8 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of vinyl chloride polymer.
  • the composition may be prepared by conventional mixing techniques. In some cases, especially when a relatively viscous piasticizer is employed, it may be preferable to produce the composition by first mixing together all of the ingredients except the vinyl chloride polymer using a vigorous mixing technique and then to add the vinyl chloride polymer incrementally using a less vigorous technique, in order to achieve the desired solution of the triazine derivative in the composition.
  • Solid filler particles of vinyl chloride polymer may be added incre ⁇ mentally or, when a relatively small proportion of such particles is employed, such as less than 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of microsuspended or emulsified vinyl chloride polymer, they may be added in bulk.
  • an advantageous utilisation of the invention is in the production of fibre-reinforced vinyl chloride polymer products such as mechanical belting, especially conveyor belting.
  • the textile fibre of the belting carcass usually is in the form of one or more woven and/or knitted fabric plies, and a preferred carcass for conveyor belting comprises two or more fabric plies which may be the same or different, connected together by interwoven threads, usually warp threads, which may or may not be constituents of one or more of the plies.
  • Such an interconnected fabric is known as solid-woven fabric.
  • the fabric usually consists solely or mainly of synthetic fibre, typical fibrous materials being polyester, polyamide and poly- aramid.
  • the fabric may include natural fibre such as cotton or rayon, for example to provide bulk and/or to protect the belting from damage in use.
  • the carcass may include one or more additional components such as metal reinforcements.
  • the vinyl chloride polymer suitably is applied to the textile fibre in the form of a paste or plastisol, typically by impregnation such as by dipping, and usually the assembly is heated in a press to cure the polymer and consolidate the assembly to increase the dimensional stabilit of the carcass.
  • the polymer paste has a low viscosity in orde to attain a high level and efficiency of impregnation.
  • a preferred past viscosity is in the range 3000 to 8000 mPa.s at a shear rate D of 10 s ⁇ at 20°C, and a suitable technique for obtaining the desired low viscosity is to use a polymer of the microsuspension or emulsion type.
  • the polymer composition After the polymer composition has been applied to the textile fibre, usually it is pre-gelled, such as by heating in the range of about 80°C to 150°C for about 10 minutes, to solidify the composition without attaining its maximum mechanical properties, and subsequently the composition is subjected to final curing conditions after assembly with other components of the belting such as the cover material.
  • the curing conditions include heating the assembly at a temperature of at least about 160°C in a press or mould.
  • the operating pressure during the curing stage may be, for example, in the range 10 to 35 kg/cm 2 .
  • the cover material may be chosen depending on the use of the belting and usually is of rubber or plastics material. A rubber cover suitably is applied by calendering onto the carcass containing the pre-gelled polymer composition.
  • an intermediate layer of a mutually compatible rubber composition may be applied between the carcass and the rubber cover to r__urcrt_e adhesion between them.
  • a preferred plastics cover is a vinyl chloride polymer and this may be applied in the form of a pseudoplastic paste of higher viscosity than that of the impregnant, followed by pre-gelling at about 80°C to 150°C and then subjecting the assembly to the curing conditions.
  • the cured product in accordance with the present invention normally can be removed from a mould or press at a relatively high temperature of at least 60°C and may be at least 120°C and up to about 180°C or even higher, without harm. Also, it is found that cured products in accordance with the invention may have a maximum temperature of less than 270°C in the standard Drum Friction Test according to CEE and NCB specifications. Moreover, it is found that the curing of the vinyl chloride polymer occurs substantially entirely in the polymer gel state; substantially no curing occurs during preparation of the composition or during the pre-gelling step.
  • the invention is illustrated, by way of example only, in the following Examples.
  • the usual procedure employed to make the vinyl chloride polymer compositions was as follows. All of the ingredients except the vinyl chloride polymer(s) were blended together, the vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer 'VC/VA' (if employed) was then introduced and then the poly(vinyl chloride) 'PVC was added incrementally with medium mixing rate. After addition of all ingredients the composition usually was subjected to final mixing for about 3 minutes.
  • Paste compositions were prepared from the following formulations:
  • compositions were pre-gelled by heating at 100°C for 10 minutes and were cured in a mould under a pressure of 30 kg/cm 2 at 170°C for 10 minutes. The cured compositions were removed from the mould at 150°C.
  • the level of cure was determined by measuring the % Swelling in tetrahydrofuran (using a Soxhlet apparatus) and the % Gel remaining after removal of the tetrahydrofuran solution and drying. The results were as follows:
  • Paste compositions were prepared from the following formulations:
  • compositions were pre-gelled by heating at 100°C for 10 minutes and were cured in a mould under a pressure of 30 kg/cm 2 at 170°C for 10 minutes. The cured compositions were removed from the mould without cooling.
  • compositions II.a were subjected to the same pre-gelling and curing process except that the cure temperature was 160°C and 150°C respectively.
  • composition II.b Cure at 170°C +321 100
  • the compositions II.a and II.b were tested on an oscillating disc rheometer (Monsanto Rheograph) .
  • the resulting plot of torque against time for curing at 170°C during 120 minutes showed that " both compositions had substantially the same degree and rate of cure at 170°C, the maximum torque being 26.2 in.lb (2.96 N.m. ) .
  • composition II.a Mechanical properties of composition II.a and of a similar composition in which the MgO and 2-dibutylamino-4,6-dithiol-s-triazine were omitted (composition II.c) , both cured at 170°C, were as follows:
  • compositions containing a 6:1 phosphate:phthalate piasticizer include the following in relation to compositions containing a 6:1 phosphate:phthalate piasticizer:
  • compositions undergo a highly efficient cure even with low levels of MgO and triazine derivative
  • Diphenyl cresyl phosphate 60 60 60 (Disflamoll DPK)
  • Epoxidised soya oil (Edenol D 81) 5 5 5
  • Butyl-tin stabiliser (Lankro LT 63) 2 2 2
  • compositions were pre-gelled by heating at 100°C for 10 minutes and were cured in a mould under a pressure of 30 kg/cm 2 at 170°C for 10 minutes.
  • the cured compositions were removed from the mould at 120°C. Physical properties of the cured compositions were as follows:
  • Composition Ill.b was tested on an oscillating disc rheometer (Monsanto Rheograph) .
  • the plot of torque against time for curing at 170°C during 120 minutes resulted in a curve showing a maximum torque of 14.9 in.lb(l. ⁇ 8 N.m.).
  • Paste compositions were prepared from the following basic formulation incorporating various amounts of butyl-tin stabiliser:
  • Chlorinated paraffin (Cereclor 52 S) 10
  • Butyl-tin stabiliser (Lankro LT 63) Various others
  • compositions were pre-gelled by heating at 120"C for 10 minutes and were cured in a mould at 170°C for 10 minutes. The cured compositions were removed from the mould at 80°C.
  • butyl-tin stabiliser 4 parts by weight of butyl-tin stabiliser was repeated except that octyl diphenyl phosphate was employed in place of the isopropylated triaryl phosphate.
  • the product exhibited a 100% gel content and had other satisfactory properties.
  • This Example illustrates the coupling effect of an organo-tin stabiliser", a phosphate piasticizer and a triazine derivative in MgO-free compositions to produce cured products having a high level of flame retardancy, particularly ,when employing 2,4,6-trithiol-s-triazine.
  • EXAMPLE V A paste composition was prepared from the basic formulation given in Example IV wherein the triazine derivative is 2,4,6-trithiol-s-triazin and the amount of the butyl-tin stabiliser is 4 parts by weight, and additionally 2 parts by weight of azodicarbonamide were included in the composition.
  • the composition was pre-gelled by heating at 120°C for 10 minutes and, after complete de-aeration, was cured in a mould by heating at 180°C for 10 minutes ' in a hot-air oven. The cured composition was removed from the mould at 50°C.
  • the product was a cellular material having a density of about 1.1 g/cm 3 and was insoluble in tetrahydrofuran even after 48 hours immersion.
  • the product may be employed in, for example, floor coverings.
  • EXAMPLE VI A solid-woven polyester textile fabric of tensile strength at least 315 N/mm (Code EE 315 t) was impregnated by dipping in composition II.a (Example II) having a viscosity of 5400 mPa.s measured at a shear rate D of 10 s ⁇ , and the i pregnant was pre-gelled at 100°C for 10 minutes. Both faces of the pre-gelled impregnated fabric were skim- coated with a rubber composition and then a rubber cover layer was applied to the coatings. The composite was then heated at 160°C for 10 minutes in a press-mould under a pressure of 30 kg/cm 2 . When the composite was removed from the press-mould at 100 °C and at 120°C, the product was strong and stable and suitable for use as conveyor belting.
  • EXAMPLE VII A solid-woven polyester/polyamide textile fabric of tensile strength at least 1250 N/mm (Code EP 1250 T) was impregnated and coated with compositions prepared from the basic formulation given in Example IV wherein the triazine derivative is 2,4,6-trithiol-s-triazine and the amount of the butyl-tin stabiliser is 4 parts by weight.
  • the impregnant 14. composition had a viscosity of 6600 mPa.s at a shear rate D of 10 s ⁇ .
  • the impregnated and coated fabric was pre-gelled in an oven at 130 ⁇ C and was then heated at 165°C for 25 minutes in a press-mould under a pressure of 30 kg/cm 2 .
  • the resulting composite was removed from the press-mould at a temperature well above the de-moulding temperatures normally required in the production of conventional pvc conveyor belting.
  • the product was an antistatic high safety-level belt material having the following properties:- Thickness: 14.1 mm; Weight: 20.6 kg/m 2 ;

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)

Abstract

Des produits présentant une stabilité thermique élevée et capables de retarder considérablement la flamme sont obtenus par vulcanisation d'une composition polymère de chlorure de vinyle contenant un plastifiant au phosphate et une 4,6-dithiol-s-triazine substituée en position 2 et/ou son sel. Des produits moulés, par exemple des carcasses de bandes transporteuses imprégnées de polymère, peuvent être démoulés à des températures relativement élevées.
PCT/EP1987/000572 1986-10-08 1987-10-06 Produits polymeres en chlorure de vinyle WO1988002762A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1019880700654A KR880701757A (ko) 1986-10-08 1987-10-06 염화 비닐 중합체 생산물

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB868624082A GB8624082D0 (en) 1986-10-08 1986-10-08 Vinyl chloride polymer products
GB8624082 1986-10-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1988002762A1 true WO1988002762A1 (fr) 1988-04-21

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1987/000572 WO1988002762A1 (fr) 1986-10-08 1987-10-06 Produits polymeres en chlorure de vinyle

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0286659A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH01501554A (fr)
KR (1) KR880701757A (fr)
CN (1) CN87107070A (fr)
AU (1) AU8036487A (fr)
ES (1) ES2008257A6 (fr)
GB (1) GB8624082D0 (fr)
PL (1) PL268097A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1988002762A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA877495B (fr)

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EP2834304A4 (fr) * 2012-04-03 2015-12-30 X Card Holdings Llc Carte support d'informations comportant une composition de polymère réticulée et son procédé de fabrication
US9439334B2 (en) 2012-04-03 2016-09-06 X-Card Holdings, Llc Information carrying card comprising crosslinked polymer composition, and method of making the same
US10906287B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2021-02-02 X-Card Holdings, Llc Methods of making a core layer for an information carrying card, and resulting products
US11361204B2 (en) 2018-03-07 2022-06-14 X-Card Holdings, Llc Metal card

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Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1512260A (en) * 1974-10-11 1978-05-24 Nippon Zeon Co Cross-linked polyvinyl chloride resin

Patent Citations (1)

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GB1512260A (en) * 1974-10-11 1978-05-24 Nippon Zeon Co Cross-linked polyvinyl chloride resin

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EP2834304A4 (fr) * 2012-04-03 2015-12-30 X Card Holdings Llc Carte support d'informations comportant une composition de polymère réticulée et son procédé de fabrication
US11170281B2 (en) 2012-04-03 2021-11-09 Idemia America Corp. Information carrying card comprising crosslinked polymer composition, and method of making the same
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US10906287B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2021-02-02 X-Card Holdings, Llc Methods of making a core layer for an information carrying card, and resulting products
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Publication number Publication date
GB8624082D0 (en) 1986-11-12
PL268097A1 (en) 1988-09-15
KR880701757A (ko) 1988-11-05
CN87107070A (zh) 1988-04-20
JPH01501554A (ja) 1989-06-01
ES2008257A6 (es) 1989-07-16
EP0286659A1 (fr) 1988-10-19
ZA877495B (en) 1989-05-30
AU8036487A (en) 1988-05-06

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