WO1988002355A1 - Procede pour fabriquer des composites ceramo-metalliques, ainsi que composites fabriques selon ce procede, et leur utilisation - Google Patents

Procede pour fabriquer des composites ceramo-metalliques, ainsi que composites fabriques selon ce procede, et leur utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1988002355A1
WO1988002355A1 PCT/EP1987/000558 EP8700558W WO8802355A1 WO 1988002355 A1 WO1988002355 A1 WO 1988002355A1 EP 8700558 W EP8700558 W EP 8700558W WO 8802355 A1 WO8802355 A1 WO 8802355A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ceramic
composite body
composite
pressing
body according
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PCT/EP1987/000558
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bernhard Farkasch
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Bernhard Farkasch
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Publication date
Application filed by Bernhard Farkasch filed Critical Bernhard Farkasch
Publication of WO1988002355A1 publication Critical patent/WO1988002355A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
    • C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2027—Metallic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2068—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics
    • B01D39/2072—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics the material being particulate or granular
    • B01D39/2075—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics the material being particulate or granular sintered or bonded by inorganic agents
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/632—Organic additives
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
    • C04B35/645—Pressure sintering
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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    • C04B35/653—Processes involving a melting step
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/653—Processes involving a melting step
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    • C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
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    • C04B37/021—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles in a direct manner, e.g. direct copper bonding [DCB]
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    • C04B37/023—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used
    • C04B37/026—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles characterised by the interlayer used consisting of metals or metal salts
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    • C04B37/028—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating with metallic articles by means of an interlayer consisting of an organic adhesive, e.g. phenol resin or pitch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N60/00—Superconducting devices
    • H10N60/01—Manufacture or treatment
    • H10N60/0268—Manufacture or treatment of devices comprising copper oxide
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/658—Atmosphere during thermal treatment
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    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
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    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
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    • C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
    • C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
    • C04B2237/32—Ceramic
    • C04B2237/34—Oxidic
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Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing ceramic-metallic composite bodies, and to composite bodies produced by the method and their use.
  • Ceramic materials as well as ceramic-metallic composite materials are made from granular components.
  • the shaping is carried out by pressing, casting, slip casting, etc. These processes have in common that the ceramic and metallic components are present unconnected after the shaping, that is to say that they are not connected to one another by solid bridges. They obtain their "green strength" from binders, adhesion and tension forces. The final strength is achieved by sintering at high temperatures.
  • organic materials are added to the starting mixtures before they are shaped, which burn out when heated. Salts, which are removed after shaping, serve the same purpose. With these methods, however, no complex pores and material structures with precise pore diameters can be introduced into the parts.
  • binders in the form of organic adhesives is disadvantageous because they envelop the grains and then only in slight, direct contact
  • Inorganic adhesives form phases that impair the material obtained. Such adhesives generally have an insulating effect in ceramic superconductors. If water glass is used as the adhesive, the application limit temperature is reduced.
  • the present invention is based on the object of simply creating thin ceramic or ceramic-metallic composite bodies as comparatively thin-walled bodies with possible different spatial shapes and with predictable properties, in particular porosity, which at the same time have multiple uses, in particular as a filter and these binders can be used as superconducting ceramic structures or as reinforcement in refractory bodies.
  • the ceramic material is inorganic, non-metallic substances. These inorganic materials can be powdery, granular, but also in the form of fibers. If they are in the form of fibers, they can be inserted between the metal foils in the form of mats.
  • the metal foils can consist of iron alloys, but also metal alloys, provided that they are not pure metals. As a rule, they consist of aluminum, copper or zirconium. They have a small thickness as foils, so they are usually 0.5 to 200 ⁇ m, in particular 20 to 40 ⁇ m thick.
  • the pressing creates a fundamentally different spatial shape.
  • depressions can be introduced into the structure, for example as channels.
  • another fundamental change in the spatial shape can take place in such a way that a flat composite body is given an arched or round cross-sectional shape with the pressing.
  • the method is particularly advantageous in that the ceramic material is applied to a first metal foil, then another metal foil with another identical or different ceramic material is applied to it, and this composite is pressed together at room temperature and then sintered.
  • sintering can also take place in a neutral atmosphere. This is done, for example, if the metal foil is to be retained. It can also be provided that the ceramic substances are added with oxygen-releasing substances which result in an oxide layer on the inside of the metal foils in order to improve the bond with the ceramic substances.
  • the composite wires can be compressed • the pressing or after the first pressing to ceramic as electrically superconducting
  • the ceramic or metal-ceramic composite body be treated with liquid plastic, liquid metal or molten oxide or be surrounded by these liquid substances. In the latter case, they are then reinforcements in plastic, metal or a stone obtained from molten oxide, which is used as a refractory stone, for example in melting furnaces or in furnaces.
  • a finished composite body is characterized according to the invention by one or more metal foils, between which ceramic materials are arranged, with which they are intimately connected by pressing and sintering.
  • one or more metal foils in particular the inner metal foil, are provided with openings.
  • the outer metal foils can have openings, in particular for use as a filter.
  • the ceramic materials as grains or fibers can have approximately the same grain size. But they can also have different grain sizes. According to the present invention, it is possible to create an adjustable or predictable porosity by selecting the grain sizes in the individual layers. At the same time, a predictable strength can be created. Therefore, the ceramic composite material, usually of low overall thickness, can be used in many ways, for example as reinforcement in a refractory brick.
  • the ceramic composite material meets the requirements for a superconductor. Description of the drawing
  • FIGURE 1 essentially schematic of the ceramic material present between two metal foils before pressing
  • FIGURE 2 the body of FIGURE 1 after pressing
  • FIGURE 3 the body of FIGURE 2 after sintering
  • FIG. 3A shows a partial section from FIG. 3 in a larger representation
  • FIGURE 4 essentially schematically the fundamental change of the spatial shape with the pressing
  • FIG. 5 shows a ceramic body with three layers of metal foil and ceramic grains of different grain sizes arranged between them before pressing
  • FIGURE 6 the body of FIGURE 5 after pressing
  • FIGURE 8 shows another structure before pressing
  • FIGURE 9 the body of FIGURE 8 after pressing
  • FIGURE 10 in a basic representation the structure for a superconductor before pressing
  • FIGURE 11 shows the arrangement of FIGURE 10 after pressing
  • FIGURE 12 shows a further structure for a superconductor before pressing
  • FIGURE 13 shows the arrangement of FIGURE 12 after pressing
  • FIGURE 14 is a vertical section through a housing with filters made of ceramic elements
  • FIGURE 16 shows the arrangement of FIGURE 15 after pressing
  • FIGURE 17 the installation of the pressed and sintered bodies in a melt-cast oxidic stone. Best ways to carry out the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows the initial situation for producing a ceramic or metal-ceramic body.
  • a ceramic material 13 is introduced, which according to the embodiment consists of grains of approximately the same grain size. However, depending on the desired porosity, a grain structure with different grains can also be present.
  • the solution according to the invention of creating small composite bodies in thickness permits a very fine gradation here.
  • Figure 2 shows the composite after pressing. According to the exemplary embodiment, it has a total thickness of 100 ⁇ m, i.e. H. 0.1 mm.
  • Figure 3 shows the composite after sintering with the proviso that the unit of the metal foils with the ceramic material after sintering is to be represented by the hatching.
  • the metal foils are retained or they also oxidize to form a ceramic material, so that the bond to the ceramic material present between the original foils is thereby achieved is improved.
  • FIG 4 shows the deformation after pressing.
  • FIG. 5 shows that a central metal foil 14 is arranged between the outer metal foils 11 and 12.
  • the grains have different grain sizes, such as the coarse grains 13a and the fine grains 13b.
  • the coarse grains 13 partially penetrate the middle metal foil or partially dig into the inner sides of the outer metal foils, so that an intimate connection by anchoring already takes place with the pressing. This intimate connection is increased by sintering at the appropriately adjusted sintering temperature.
  • Figure 7 shows that the upper metal foil is provided with numerous openings 15, 15a.
  • the lower metal foil 11 can also be provided with these openings.
  • Such breakthroughs are present, for example, when the finished ceramic or metal-ceramic bodies are used as filters in a housing. After pressing and sintering, a total thickness of 400 ⁇ m, ie. H. 0.4 mm available.
  • FIG. 8 shows the starting product in such a way that the central metal foil 14 is provided with initial perforations in order to increase the bond.
  • Figure 9 shows the intimate connection after pressing.
  • FIG. 10 shows stiff metal foils 11, 12, between which ceramic materials 13, for example in the form of fibers, are arranged.
  • the edge regions of the foils 11, 12 and 13 are connected to one another by pressing. This can be done through application an adhesive that is not present in the ceramic in superconductors. Welding or soldering can take place. Finally, the metal foils can be connected during sintering.
  • FIG. 12 shows a metallic strip with a meandering cross section so that the ceramic material 13 can be introduced between the film layers.
  • the metallic layers are connected with the pressing. With the pressing, as shown in FIG. 13a in a cross section, a bend can be made into a wire-like configuration.
  • FIG. 14 shows a filter housing 16 with the inlet 17 and the outlet 18.
  • the metal-ceramic or ceramic plate-shaped structures 10a, 10b are present on the inside. If the metal foils have been preserved, then they have the openings 15, 15a described in FIG. 7, in order to give the filter medium a corresponding passage. However, it can also be provided that the metal foils have become a ceramic material by oxidation and then the filter structure is also present in the area of the earlier metal foils.
  • FIG. 15 shows a plate 13 which, after pressing, as shown in FIG. 16, has channel-like depressions 19, 19a and 19b which are alternately present on one and the other side.
  • the metal-ceramic or ceramic body 10 is then installed in a refractory stone 20. It is preferably a melt-cast stone.
  • FIG. 17 shows the front side 23, which is highly stressed by the temperature, so that the ceramic structure extends in the longitudinal direction of the temperature gradient.
  • the metal-ceramic and ceramic plate-shaped elements have a predetermined porosity, the result is that cracks occurring in the stone at high temperatures cannot propagate because they end at the porous inlays.
  • the solution according to the invention allows the metal-ceramic or ceramic plates, in particular as thin plates or strips themselves, to have a fire resistance which is greater than the stone material in which they are installed.
  • a selection can be made here that corresponds to optimal requirements and special features.
  • the ceramic or metal-ceramic plates or wires or similar structures have a total thickness after sintering, which preferably the

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

Pour fabriquer des composites céramiques ou céramo-métalliques, on place entre deux feuilles métalliques minces (11, 12), de préférence d'une épaisseur comprise entre 0,5 mum et 200 mum, un matériau céramique (13) bien moins compact, puis on presse les uns contre les autres les éléments du composite que l'on vitrifie ensuite. Le pressage entraîne souvent une modification fondamentale de la forme tridimensionnelle. Les composites obtenus trouvent de nombreuses applications, que ce soit comme armature dans des briques coulées par fusion, comme filtre ou comme fils supraconducteurs.
PCT/EP1987/000558 1986-10-01 1987-09-29 Procede pour fabriquer des composites ceramo-metalliques, ainsi que composites fabriques selon ce procede, et leur utilisation WO1988002355A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863633406 DE3633406A1 (de) 1986-10-01 1986-10-01 Verfahren zur herstellung geformter teile aus keramischen materialien und keramisch-metallischen verbundmaterialien
DEP3633406.5 1986-10-01

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WO1988002355A1 true WO1988002355A1 (fr) 1988-04-07

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PCT/EP1987/000558 WO1988002355A1 (fr) 1986-10-01 1987-09-29 Procede pour fabriquer des composites ceramo-metalliques, ainsi que composites fabriques selon ce procede, et leur utilisation

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EP (1) EP0325600A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU8027987A (fr)
DE (1) DE3633406A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1988002355A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3822685A1 (de) * 1988-07-05 1990-01-11 Asea Brown Boveri Elektrischer leiter in draht- oder kabelform, bestehend aus mindestens zwei einzelheiten in form eines ummantelten drahtes oder eines mehrfachfilamentleiters oder eines koaxialkabels auf der basis eines keramischen hochtemperatur-supraleiters
DE3822684A1 (de) * 1988-07-05 1990-01-11 Asea Brown Boveri Elektrischer leiter in draht- oder kabelform, bestehend aus einem ummantelten draht oder aus einem mehrfach-filmentleiter auf der basis eines keramischen hochtemperatur-supraleiters
EP0351203A1 (fr) * 1988-07-13 1990-01-17 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Corps supraconducteur fritté de type oxyde, et son procédé de fabrication
EP0764456A2 (fr) * 1995-09-22 1997-03-26 Morton International, Inc. Filtres unitaires d'insertion pour air-bag

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3922769A (en) * 1974-06-07 1975-12-02 Gte Sylvania Inc Method for making composite wire
US4027377A (en) * 1975-06-25 1977-06-07 Brooks & Perkins, Incorporated Production of neutron shielding material
US4325183A (en) * 1976-09-07 1982-04-20 Welwyn Electric Limited Process for producing an electrical resistor having a metal foil bonded to a ceramic or glass-ceramic substrate
EP0073128A2 (fr) * 1981-08-17 1983-03-02 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Fil composite surpraconducteur
EP0097944A2 (fr) * 1982-06-29 1984-01-11 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Procédé pour la liaison directe des pièces céramiques et métalliques et produits stratifiés ainsi obtenus
EP0122522A1 (fr) * 1983-03-29 1984-10-24 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Procédé pour fabriquer des produits en céramique cuite

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS591681A (ja) * 1982-06-25 1984-01-07 Narumi China Corp 金属体上に絶縁層を有する複合体の製造方法
JPS5978980A (ja) * 1982-10-22 1984-05-08 臼井国際産業株式会社 金属基体表面とセラミツク素材との接合構造

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3922769A (en) * 1974-06-07 1975-12-02 Gte Sylvania Inc Method for making composite wire
US4027377A (en) * 1975-06-25 1977-06-07 Brooks & Perkins, Incorporated Production of neutron shielding material
US4325183A (en) * 1976-09-07 1982-04-20 Welwyn Electric Limited Process for producing an electrical resistor having a metal foil bonded to a ceramic or glass-ceramic substrate
EP0073128A2 (fr) * 1981-08-17 1983-03-02 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Fil composite surpraconducteur
EP0097944A2 (fr) * 1982-06-29 1984-01-11 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Procédé pour la liaison directe des pièces céramiques et métalliques et produits stratifiés ainsi obtenus
EP0122522A1 (fr) * 1983-03-29 1984-10-24 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Procédé pour fabriquer des produits en céramique cuite

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3822685A1 (de) * 1988-07-05 1990-01-11 Asea Brown Boveri Elektrischer leiter in draht- oder kabelform, bestehend aus mindestens zwei einzelheiten in form eines ummantelten drahtes oder eines mehrfachfilamentleiters oder eines koaxialkabels auf der basis eines keramischen hochtemperatur-supraleiters
DE3822684A1 (de) * 1988-07-05 1990-01-11 Asea Brown Boveri Elektrischer leiter in draht- oder kabelform, bestehend aus einem ummantelten draht oder aus einem mehrfach-filmentleiter auf der basis eines keramischen hochtemperatur-supraleiters
US4988669A (en) * 1988-07-05 1991-01-29 Asea Brown Boveri Ltd. Electrical conductor in wire or cable form composed of a sheathed wire or of a multiple-filament conductor based on a ceramic high-temperature superconductor
EP0351203A1 (fr) * 1988-07-13 1990-01-17 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Corps supraconducteur fritté de type oxyde, et son procédé de fabrication
US5116809A (en) * 1988-07-13 1992-05-26 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Oxide series superconductive sintered body and method of producing the same
EP0764456A2 (fr) * 1995-09-22 1997-03-26 Morton International, Inc. Filtres unitaires d'insertion pour air-bag
EP0764456A3 (fr) * 1995-09-22 1997-12-10 Morton International, Inc. Filtres unitaires d'insertion pour air-bag

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0325600A1 (fr) 1989-08-02
AU8027987A (en) 1988-04-21
DE3633406A1 (de) 1988-04-14

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