WO1988001244A1

WO1988001244A1 - Trimaran

Info

Publication number: WO1988001244A1
Application number: PCT/DE1987/000357
Authority: WO
Inventors: Michael Meister; Siegfried Holzbaur; Harald Falderbaum
Original assignee: Michael Meister; Siegfried Holzbaur; Harald Falderbaum
Priority date: 1986-08-18
Filing date: 1987-08-13
Publication date: 1988-02-25
Also published as: DE3627945A1; AU7788187A

Abstract

A trimaran has outer hulls (2) detachably linked by crossmembers to the middle hull (1). The crossmembers are tubular cross bars (3) that extend over all three hulls (1, 2) and are removably but firmly mounted in socket couplings (27) fixed to the hulls that completely cross the middle hull (1) and cross at least partially the outer hulls (2). The distance at least between the outer hulls (2) is set by bolts (28) that engage the cross bars (3).

Description

Trimaran

State of the art

The invention is based on a trimaran according to the preamble of the main claim. Trimarans are known in which the outer hulls are connected to the central hull via cross members, which can either be removed or swiveled, so that the outer hull can be placed close to the central hull, particularly for transport. The trimaran has the disadvantage that it has a relatively wide width and therefore requires a lot of berth if the outer hulls cannot be moved to the center hull. However, these known crossmember arrangements are complex and expensive and cannot prevent the three boat hulls from being interlaced with each other under greater stress, which not only affects maneuverability, but also has dangers such as fatigue breaks or unexpected and unpredictable effects in moving water. This width problem of the trimaran occurs particularly when transporting overland, in which a certain width may not be exceeded according to the road vehicle. The total weight of the trimaran also plays a role for this overland transport, but also for water operations a crucial role. In the known trimarans, the weight proportion of the total trimaran is disadvantageously disproportionately high due to the complex cross member connection. Another disadvantage is that the time required for detachable trimarans of this type for detachment or for the assembly of the three hulls is very high.

In another known trimaran, the three hulls are connected to each other via a trapezoid, which is arranged at a distance above the hulls, whereby apart from the bulky and also relatively unstable design, the sailing person sits very high and thus the sailing movement, especially the tree movement, is in the way.

Advantages of the invention

The trimaran according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that the 3 hulls can be separated and reassembled extremely quickly and easily with a minimum of weight of the cross member connection and an optimum of stability. In addition, the material used for the cross member connection, namely pipes of different diameters, are inexpensively available as semi-finished products and do not require expensive processing for the use according to the invention. A major advantage is that the trimaran according to the invention after disassembly to a relative narrow package can be bundled together, although the tubular trusses have a length that corresponds to the width of the trimaran in the assembled state. These tubes can then be accommodated in the longitudinal direction in this package for transport in a manner known per se. The use of sleeves which are firmly connected in the hulls also advantageously brings additional stiffening of the hulls, so that some other stiffening which would otherwise be necessary can be saved in favor of the overall weight. In relation to the given stability of a pipe-socket connection, this is relatively easy to carry out. Thus, according to the invention, a simple plug connection can be used as a bolt through which the three hulls are coupled to one another via the pipe / socket connection, namely in the form of bolts which traverse the socket and the inserted pipe. During assembly, the parts must also be tightened only after inserting the pipe crossbars into the sleeves in the cross holes provided

Threaded bolts are screwed, not only preventing the sleeve and pipe from pulling apart, but also mutually twisting. When dismantling, only the threaded bolts have to be removed in order to disassemble the trimaran again in the simplest way. An eye can advantageously be arranged on the bolt head as a fastening point for the shrouds. The trimaran according to the invention is so light and in a disassembled, bundled state that it can be transported on a roof rack of a motor vehicle even with a hull length of 4 to 5 meters. The torsional stiffness of the assembled due to the type of connection Trimarans has decisive advantages for maneuverability as well as for its durability under dynamic continuous load.

A design of the above-mentioned invention, which is also to be regarded as an independent invention, consists in the displacement of each outer hull being greater than half the displacement of the middle hull, regardless of the fact that all three hulls dip into the water level as soon as the keel lines of the three hulls are almost the same Have draft. This is achieved primarily by a slim design of the outer hulls. In contrast, in the known trimarans, the outer hulls only serve as side floats, while the middle hull takes over the inflated buoyancy (displacement). Although the travel resistance of the outer hulls in these known trimarans is relatively low, the travel resistance of the center hull is correspondingly high. The total resistance is made up of three

Factors, the form resistance (hydrodynamic.

Resistance) v ² xc _w , the characteristic impedance

and the frictional resistance (wetted surface), vx L, where v is the cruising speed, c _{w is} the resistance, L is the length of the boat and g is the acceleration due to gravity. As the speed increases, the resistance to friction has a proportionately lower effect than the functions that contain v ² as a multiplier. By dividing the hulls into several but slimmer ones, the overall resistance increases with increasing speed. With the known trimarans, the outer hulls are only immersed in the water on the leeward side with a corresponding heeling, in order to then act due to their buoyancy in the direction of the vertical position of the mast, which optimizes the usable sail area. Accordingly, these outer hulls dip alternately, so that the overall buoyancy must be largely provided by the middle hull, which is why the known trimarans have a dominant middle hull and only float-like relatively small outer hulls. With large displacement moments, this can now lead to the buoyancy of the outer hulls no longer being sufficient, so that they undercut, especially when the cross members are also immersed in the water, which leads to a considerable increase in resistance, which either due to its one-sidedness ene Distraction from the direction of travel or even catapulting the whole trimaran can result. Due to the enlargement of the outer hulls according to the invention and the corresponding increase in their lift, such conditions can no longer occur under comparable conditions. In one embodiment of the invention, the buoyancy of each outer hull is selected so that it weighs the entire trimaran and. that the crew can carry. Last but not least, there is the above-mentioned advantage of reduced overall resistance. In particular, the addition of the advantages, namely low weight, more favorable distribution of the buoyancy over the three hulls with a correspondingly better slenderness of the hulls and the high connection rigidity lead to an optimized vehicle for high speeds with good maneuverability. An embodiment of the invention can also be influenced here by the fact that namely, the stern and / or bow sections of the outer hulls, which are naturally mirror-symmetrical to one another, converge with respect to the center hull, so that they adapt to the streamline.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention to be assigned to the overland transport and especially the transport on a roof rack of a motor vehicle is that the mutually facing walls of the outer hulls have inaugurations running in the longitudinal and transverse directions, which correspond to the outer curvatures of the center fuselage facing them, so that when all are placed against one another three hulls (partly on the head) for example on the roof rack of a motor vehicle volume compensation is available.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, which is not only described with regard to the preceding features, the area between the center hull and the outer hull has a walkable bridge part. By using the trusses that connect the hulls together as support underlays, a stable surface can be created between the hulls at least in sections, which consists either of stable solid material or of elastic or textile material which has a corresponding stiffening frame. For example, the crossbeams can be guided through corresponding transverse openings in these bridge parts and these bridge parts can rest laterally on corresponding shoulders of the hulls. In this way, these bridge parts can also serve as spacers between the hulls. According to an advantageous embodiment, the in

End section of the bridge section pointing in the direction of travel on the bow side is curved like a surfboard, the end faces of this bridge section falling back from the center hull to the outer hulls, and advantageously the cross-sectional profile and the end faces of the bridge section being able to be taken up or taken over by the adjoining surface sections of the center hull and the outer hulls. As a result, a high static and dynamic with increasing speed is achieved with little resistance to the water, so that the boat is hardly braked when immersed, for example in waves, but above all is not catapulted. Flushing of the deck and bridge parts can be largely prevented by a water channel (breakwater) that is largely parallel to the end face in the deck surface and also serves as a stiffening cross member of the deck, with downward scoops provided for drainage in the water channel.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the center hull has a cockpit trough between two sleeves and / or on the bow side, namely in front of the front

Socket a foredeck hatch. While the Cockpitwe .ne has the particular advantage that the user can sit on the bridge parts with smaller trimarans according to the invention and put his legs in this cockpit tub, the somewhat larger trimarans can be used to hold the foredeck hatch to accommodate a passenger or a pilot man. Of course, the foredeck hatch can be closed and used as storage space, an advantage that also applies to the outer hulls, namely that because of the larger volumes of these outer hulls compared to known trimarans, storage space is also gained in corresponding hatches there.

According to an additional embodiment of the invention, again not restricted to the preceding features, the center hull has a rowing device which can be swiveled up by means of a detachable hinge arranged transversely to the direction of travel and parallel to the water level at the rear. As soon as the trimaran gets into shallow water, the rudder device can swing up so as not to get caught on the ground. The device can consist of a hull part forming the ship's stern, in which the rudder shaft is guided in a continuous bushing (koker), on which the tiller and the rudder blade are arranged on the one hand. A rope or a flexible train (rubber or spring tension) can be used to swing up, so that the rudder can be pulled up from the cockpit or swung up automatically against the flexible train. In addition, a largely horizontal depth fin can be arranged on the rudder itself, through which the rudder is pulled into a vertical position.

According to another independent embodiment of the invention, which is likewise not restricted to the preceding features, a rearview mirror can be attached to the hinge of the central trunk instead of the rudder pivoting part, to which a motor is screwed. In this way, an alternative use of the boat is possible, with this Staltung for motor boat operation the boat can be provided with water spraying devices and the like.

Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the following description of the drawing and the claims.

drawing

An embodiment of the object of the invention is shown in the drawing in two versions. Show it:

1 shows the first variant, namely as a sailing boat; Figure 2 shows the second variant as a motor boat.

3 shows a section through a bridge part.

Fig. 4 shows a cross section through all three hulls and

Fig. 5 shows a longitudinal section through the middle trunk.

Description of the embodiment

As shown in the figures, the trimaran according to the invention consists of a central hull 1 and two outer hulls 2 which are connected to one another by tubular cross members 3, bridge parts being arranged between the hulls, namely bow bridge parts 4 and intermediate parts 5.

The center hull has a cockpit trough 6 and a foredeck hatch 7. Hatches can also be provided in the outer hulls, but these are not shown in detail. While the cockpit trough 6 serves the boat user either as a seat recess or at least for receiving the feet when the boat user is sitting on the deck of the center hull or in the intermediate part. The foredeck hatch 7, on the other hand, can either be used by a passenger, a pilot man or as storage space.

In the variant shown in FIG. 1, as can also be seen in FIG. 5, a molded spherical trough is present in the central fuselage, in which a mast 9 is arranged, the rest of the usual rigging being then provided. On the rear part of the fuselage 1, a rudder device 12 is pivotally articulated via a hinge 11, on which a rudder 14 can be actuated via a tiller 15 via a stub shaft 13 (koker). This rowing device can be pivoted according to the arrow 16 shown up to the water level. A fin 17 is then provided on the rudder 14 and extends largely horizontally. FIG. 2 shows the motorboat variant in which an outboard motor 18 is coupled instead of the rudder device 12, with which the boat is steered at the same time. In addition, as is customary in motor boats, the bridge parts spanning splash protection panes 19 are provided, as well as protective grilles 21 on the outer hulls and backrests 22 on the rear side. Otherwise, the basic construction of the trimaran, like the first variant, is without

Sails and oars.

In Fig. 3 the bridge part is shown in longitudinal section, namely with the front bow bridge part 4 with end face 23, which has a surfboard-like cross section and the intermediate part 5, which is attached to the tubular cross members 3. In the bow bridge part 4, as well as on the center hull 1 and the outer hulls 2, a water channel 24 is also provided, to which a type of breakwater 25 connects and which is drained downwards via scoops 26. If waves thus strike the end face 23, they are caught by this breakwater and dewatered in the channel 24 via the scoops 26.

As can be seen from Fig. 4, the tubular traverses 3 go over the entire trimaran width. In the fuselages 1 and 2, tube bushings 27 are fixedly arranged, through which the tubes 3 are inserted. Threaded bolts 28, through the corresponding bores of the sleeve 27 and the tubular cross-member 3, on the one hand achieve a torsional strength between the sleeve 27 and the tubular cross-member 3 and, in addition, anchoring in the longitudinal direction of the tubular cross-members 3. The central position of the central body 1 is achieved by determines the bridge parts 4, 5 by supporting them laterally on parallel surfaces 29 of the hulls. The intermediate part 5 is threaded at the front and rear of the tubular crossbars, which are inserted through corresponding openings and lie laterally on a shoulder 31 of the hulls. The bow bridge part 4, on the other hand, can be seen in FIG. 1 and is fixed by pins 32, which are arranged in corresponding bores in this parallel surface 29 and in the opposite end surface 33 of the part. 4 can be seen from the dash-dotted representation of how the wall 34 of the outer fuselage 2 facing the central fuselage 1 is curved inwards, so as to be better adapted to the outer curvature of the central fuselage.

In Fig. 5 can be seen, as in the front deck hatch 7

Person can take a seat and, as in the variant shown in FIG. 1, the rudder part 12 is pivotally mounted on the hinge 11. The rudder part 12 is held in the "working position" by an elastic band 35, so that when the rudder 14 comes up, the rudder part 12 swings away flexibly around the hinge 11. For the arbitrary swiveling up, a cable 36 can additionally serve, which can be operated comfortably by the boat user from the cockpit trough 6.

All features shown in the description, the following claims and the drawing can be essential to the invention both individually and in any combination with one another.

Claims

Expectations

1. Trimaran, whose outer hulls are detachably connected by at least one cross member to the center fuselage, characterized in that as a cross member tubular, each 3 hulls (1), (2) detecting traverses (3) are present, which in corresponding, the The center hull (1) and the outer hulls (2), which at least partially cross through and are firmly connected to the hulls, can be removed, but are mounted in a coherent manner, and that the distance between at least the outer hulls (2) is relative to one another by bolts (3) that engage the crossbeams (3). 23) is set.

2. Trimaran according to claim 1, characterized in that the trusses (3) and sleeves (27) tubes are circular in cross section.

3. Trimaran according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that serve as a bolt (28) at least two each of the Steckverbindunσen between the cross member (3) and sleeve (27) traversing threaded bolt (28).

4. Trimaran in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the water displacement of each outer hull (2) is greater than half the displacement of the central hull (1).

5. Trimaran in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that all (3) hulls (1), (2) dip simultaneously into the water level in the unloaded state.

6. Trimaran according to claim 5, characterized in that the keel lines of the three hulls (1), (2) have almost the same draft.

7. Trimaran according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer hulls (2) are mirror-symmetrical to one another with preferably slightly inwardly curved stern and / or bow section.

8. trimaran according to claim 7, characterized in that the mutually facing walls of the outer hulls

(2) have bulges (34) running in the longitudinal direction, which correspond to the outer bulges of the center fuselage (1) facing them, so that volume compensation is provided when the fuselages (1), (2) abut one another.

9. Trimaran according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that parallel end faces (29) are present on the mutually facing sides in the region lying above the water, between those of the trusses (3) and hulls (1), (2) worn bridge parts (4), (5) are present.

10. Trimaran in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the area between the middle hull (1) and the outer hull (2) has a walkable bridge part.

11. Trimaran according to claim 10, characterized in that the end section of the bridge part pointing in the direction of travel is designed like a surfboard on the bow side, the end face (23) of this bow bridge part (4) falling from the center hull (1) to the outer hulls (2).

12. Trimaran according to claim 11, characterized in that the cross-sectional profile and the end face (23) of the bow bridge part (4) of the adjoining surface sections of the center hull (1) and the outer hulls (2) is collected or taken over (transition improvement).

13. Trimaran according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that in the top surface of the bow bridge part (4) largely parallel to the end face (23) there is a water channel (24) with subsequent breakwater (25), which preferably downwards via scoops (26) is drained and continues on the middle hull (1) and outer hulls (2).

14. Trimaran according to any one of claims 10-13, characterized in that between the bow bridge part (4) and the facing (29, 33) of the hulls (1, 2) are arranged transversely to the plane of division fixing pins (32).

15. Trimaran according to one of claims 10-14, characterized in that channels are present in the bridge part (5) through which the cross members (3) are guided.

16. Trimaran according to one of claims 10-15, characterized in that the bridge parts (5) on the fuselages (1, 2) facing long sides have elevations and / or depressions (shoulders) which in corresponding depressions or elevations (shoulders 31) the hulls grab.

17. Trimaran according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the central fuselage (1) has a cockpit trough (6) between two sleeves (27).

18. Trimaran according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the central hull (1) on the bow side and in front of the front sleeve (27) has a foredeck hatch (7).

19. Trimaran according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that in front of the cockpit pan (6) and the front

Sleeve (27) has a ball trough (8) or a deck passage for a mast (9).

20. Trimaran in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the center hull (1) has a rudder device (12) which can be pivoted upward via a hinge (11) arranged transversely to the direction of travel and in the axis of rotation parallel to the water level.

21. Trimaran according to claim 20, characterized in that the axis of rotation of the hinge (11) falls geometrically into the top plane.

22. Trimaran according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the rudder (14) has a largely horizontal deep fin (17) in the operating state of the rudder.

23. Trimaran according to one of claims 20 - 22, characterized in that the rudder device (12) has a resilient train (elastic band 36) through which the rudder (14) is loaded in the direction of travel and which enables a swiveling out when approaching on the ground.

24. Trimaran according to one of claims 20 - 23, characterized in that the rudder device (12) consists of a hull part forming the ship's stern, in which the rudder shaft (13) is guided in a continuous bushing (koker), on the one hand the tiller ( 15) and on the other hand the rudder blade (14) is arranged.

25. Trimaran, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the center fuselage (1) has a largely vertical front end with a connecting device through which, alternatively, an additional fuselage part with rudder arrangement (12) for sailing operation or a transom with motor (18) for the motor boat operation can be connected.