WO1985003835A1 - Circuit oscillant de haute frequence pour effectuer une decharge gazeuse et son utilisation - Google Patents

Circuit oscillant de haute frequence pour effectuer une decharge gazeuse et son utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1985003835A1
WO1985003835A1 PCT/DE1985/000041 DE8500041W WO8503835A1 WO 1985003835 A1 WO1985003835 A1 WO 1985003835A1 DE 8500041 W DE8500041 W DE 8500041W WO 8503835 A1 WO8503835 A1 WO 8503835A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
winding
transistor
circuit
collector
circuit according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE1985/000041
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ladislaus Unger
Original Assignee
Fa. E-Integral Industrie-Elektronik Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fa. E-Integral Industrie-Elektronik Gmbh filed Critical Fa. E-Integral Industrie-Elektronik Gmbh
Publication of WO1985003835A1 publication Critical patent/WO1985003835A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • H05B41/282—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices
    • H05B41/285—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions
    • H05B41/2851—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the circuit against abnormal operating conditions
    • H05B41/2855—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the circuit against abnormal operating conditions against abnormal lamp operating conditions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5383—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a self-oscillating arrangement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • H05B41/282—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices
    • H05B41/285—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions
    • H05B41/2851—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the circuit against abnormal operating conditions
    • H05B41/2856—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the circuit against abnormal operating conditions against internal abnormal circuit conditions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-frequency oscillation circuit with at least one transistor for operating a gas discharge, in particular for operating fluorescent tubes or arcs, which has a transformer with three windings, the first winding in the collector-emitter circuit and the second winding in Base circuit of the transistor is arranged while the load serving for gas discharge is connected to the third winding.
  • Circuits of the type mentioned above are generally known as so-called flyback converters or choppers. They are usually used to convert a certain DC voltage into another DC voltage. Such choppers are each designed for very specific nominal loads. If there is a large deviation from the nominal load, in particular during idle operation or a short circuit on the secondary side, there is a very considerable risk that the transistor present in the circuit will be destroyed.
  • ballasts have a very complex structure. So far, it has been assumed that, in addition to the actual oscillation circuit, additional switching elements for oscillation control and for protecting the semiconductor components which are suitable for high voltage and are therefore relatively expensive are required. A protective function against overload, against idling (when the fluorescent lamp circuit is interrupted) and against overheating and stabilization of the high voltage are usually built into the electronic ballasts. The large number of components required for this makes the known ballasts on the one hand comparatively expensive and on the other hand increases their susceptibility to faults. .
  • ignition devices e.g. B. for oil or
  • Ignition-serving spark gaps are also fed with mains frequency via so-called ignition transformers.
  • the resulting spark however, has only a comparatively low energy content or poor efficiency at the mains frequency.
  • Another disadvantage of the known ignition transformers can be seen in their comparatively large construction volume and weight. Both are due to the fact that a special, complex winding system is required which requires a lot of copper, and in addition special cores are generally used for the ignition transformers.
  • the invention is based on the object of creating a high-frequency oscillation circuit which is cheap to manufacture, reliable in operation and nevertheless outstandingly suitable for operating any gas discharge paths, in particular protection for the use of a corresponding circuit as a ballast for fluorescent tubes or for igniting the spark gap of an ignition device of oil or gas burners.
  • the circuit should be constructed in such a way that it requires considerably less effort than the previously known circuits, but nevertheless allows use for a wide variety of loads with the greatest reliability.
  • the invention is therefore based on the consideration of dispensing with the additional components for securing and monitoring the transistors or corresponding semiconductor elements, which have hitherto been present, for example, in electronic ballasts for fluorescent tubes, or the use of a push-pull circuit, as is the case with the known ones
  • Ballasts are usually common, and instead use a freely oscillating circuit with only one transistor, in which the transformer is dimensioned so that the oscillation behavior of the circuit depends on the secondary winding, ie the third winding, of the transformer connected power changes.
  • the energy consumption of the circuit or the transistor is thus regulated as a function of the energy output via the third winding.
  • This adjustment can take place by a corresponding change in the oscillation frequency or the amplitude ratio of the two half-waves of the output voltage of the third winding of the transformer, which is essential, for example, when idling, or by a change in the clock ratio between switch-on and switch-off times of the transistor. If the vibration behavior cannot be largely controlled in this way in such a way that all situations, for example a short circuit on the third winding, can be detected, it can be done without great effort by installing an appropriate thermal or fuse, for example wise in the supply line, remedy be created.
  • the output voltage 0 at the third winding is very asymmetrical in idle mode, ie one half-wave is formed by a brief, high voltage pulse, the other half-wave by a lower voltage with a relatively steep slope.
  • the first half-wave of short-term, high voltage pulses ensure dependable J casually rapid ignition of the discharge path.
  • a load corresponding to the nominal load is applied to the third winding, as a result of which the output voltage is at least approximately symmetrical and the discharge is reliably maintained -5- will.
  • the oscillation circuit according to the invention has a number of advantages over the circuits known hitherto.
  • the invention can be made smaller and, in particular, considerably lighter in comparison to known ignition transformers.
  • the first winding and the second winding of the transformer are electrically isolated windings wound in opposite directions on a common core.
  • the core can be comparatively simple and made of relatively cheap material, because it is possible in the circuit according to the invention to arrange the windings very close to one another, so that the losses in the core do not play a major role, especially because yes the power consumption of the circuit acc. the invention is low anyway. 1
  • the use of separate windings also offers technical advantages in terms of circuitry, which is why it is expedient to also galvanically separate the third winding from the other windings.
  • the circuit arrangement according to the invention can be designed for a wide variety of uses, in particular also for various operating voltages and currents, since it is possible to change a considerable bandwidth by changing the transmission ratio and the conductor cross-section in the transformer
  • this capacitor which is charged when the transistor is in the off state and, when the transistor is conducting, releases its charge in addition to the direct current source and thus ensures the rapid and steep current rise in the first winding.
  • the dimensioning of this capacitor must correspond to the desired oscillation frequency, i. H.
  • the circuit is to be operated with a higher voltage, for example via a rectifier with a mains voltage
  • the first winding if appropriate with a capacitor, forms the resonant circuit inductance that exists between the collector of the transistor and one pole of the voltage source is connected such that the second winding is connected on the one hand via a resistor to the base of the transistor and on the other hand to the other pole of the voltage source, and that in the base / collector circuit of the transistor Sistor a trigger diode is turned on, the collector-side connection on the one hand via a resistor with one pole of the voltage source to which the first winding is connected 0, on the other hand via a capacitor with the other pole of the voltage source or the end of the second which does not lead to the base Winding and finally via a diode to the collector of the transistor connected is.
  • the transistor blocks first after switching on the voltage source, for example a rectifier power supply.
  • a voltage then builds up across the capacitor and the resistor at the collector-side connection of the trigger diode.
  • the trigger value of the trigger diode e.g. 32 V
  • a corresponding current can flow to the base of the transistor and open it.
  • This switch-on pulse is relatively steep and thus results in a relatively high voltage for igniting a fluorescent tube.
  • the voltage at the trigger diode is immediately reduced via the diode, so that the transistor then comes to normal oscillation controlled by the induction between the first and second windings.
  • Such a circuit arrangement has the advantage that, due to the comparatively short switch-on impulse, transistors with a lower dielectric strength can be used in the start-up phase, as a result of which the costs decrease considerably.
  • the circuit also has all the required properties, ie it adapts to the load connected in terms of its vibration behavior and is very safe for the transistor without requiring special protective measures for the transistor.
  • the second winding and / or the trigger diode is expediently connected to the base of the transistor via a voltage divider resistor, because in this way the base voltage can be set according to the requirements. If, as further provided according to the invention, protective diodes are connected in parallel to the collector / emitter path or to the base / emitter path of the transistor, unintentional destruction of the transistor can be caused by excessive voltages which occur in circuits with Inductors always occur, reliably prevent.
  • the circuit according to the invention can be constructed with any transistors. However, it is expedient if npn transistors are used, since these lead to a particularly simple circuit arrangement and are less sensitive than, for example, pnp transistors.
  • F ⁇ g. 1 shows the circuit arrangement for an electronic ballast for a fluorescent tube, which can be operated with low voltage, for example 12 or 24 V, and
  • FIG. 2 shows the circuit diagram of a circuit arrangement for an electronic ballast for operating fluorescent tubes with mains voltage, d. H. 220 to 230 V.
  • the arrangement according to 1 is intended for operation by means of a battery or an accumulator B of 12 V. With minor modifications, it can also be used for battery voltages from 6 to 24 V.
  • the load N is a fluorescent tube with a power between 16 and 40 W.
  • the circuit is structured as follows:
  • the transistor Trl is connected with its emitter directly to the negative pole of the battery B.
  • the collector of the transistor is connected to the end a of a first winding L1 of a transformer having three separate windings Ll, L2 and L3.
  • the start b of the first winding L1 is connected to the "+" pole of the battery B.
  • a capacitor C1 is located directly parallel to the path from winding L1 and collector-emitter of transistor Tr1.
  • the base of the transistor Trl is connected via a capacitor C3, possibly also a corresponding resistor, to the "-" pole of the battery B or the emitter of the transistor Trl.
  • the start c of the second winding L2 of the transformer is connected to the base of the transistor Trl.
  • the end d of the winding L2 is connected via the parallel circuit comprising a capacitor C2 and a variable resistor R1 to the start b of the first winding L1 of the transformer or the "+" pole of the battery B.
  • the resistor R1 can be a series connection of a fixed resistor with a variable resistor, provided that only part of the resistor area must be changeable.
  • the transformer further comprises a third winding L3 to which the consumer, for example a fluorescent tube N, can be connected.
  • the three windings L1, L2 and L3 of the transformer are wound on a common core, the windings L1 and L2 being wound in opposite directions, as indicated by the points in FIG. 1.
  • the individual components of the circuit arrangement acc. 1 have the following size:
  • Ll, L2, L3 transformer; Ferrite core with air gap,
  • Trl npn transistor / Dariington 60 V 8 A
  • N fluorescent tube - 16 to 40 W.
  • the capacitor C2 charges up because, owing to the opposite winding of the windings L1 and L2, its connections are at different potentials.
  • the capacitor C3 has the task of preventing an excessive load on the winding L2 in the blocking phase of the transistor. If the circuit arrangement is to operate at comparatively low frequencies, it would be conceivable to replace the capacitor C3 with an appropriately dimensioned resistor.
  • Different voltages are induced in the winding L3, namely once a voltage during the forward operation of the transistor Tr1 corresponding to the transformation ratio between the windings L1 and L3 and depending on the operating voltage, and on the other hand in the blocking operation of the transistor, as mentioned above, in a relatively high counter voltage arises in winding L1.
  • An alternating voltage is thus obtained in the winding L3, which has different amplitudes in the two half-waves of the oscillation which occurs. This property is particularly noticeable when operating gas discharge tubes or fluorescent tubes, because they require a high ignition voltage and a low operating voltage.
  • the circuit arrangement acc. Fig. 2 is designed for operation with mains voltage. It includes a rectifier power supply -1 3-
  • the circuit arrangement is basically similar to that of FIG. 1, but with the difference that the transistor Tr2 blocks when the device is switched on.
  • the structure c of the circuit is as follows:
  • the transistor Tr2 to the collector / emitter path of which a protective diode D 3 is connected in parallel, is connected to the collector directly at the end a * of the first winding L11, the beginning of which
  • the emitter of transistor Tr2 is connected via a resistor R5 to the "-" - ' pole of the DC voltage source. Is between the base of the transistor and the "-" pole of the DC voltage source
  • a variable resistor R6 is switched on and, in parallel, a protective diode D2 for the base / emitter path of the transistor Tr2.
  • the base of the transistor Tr2 is connected via a resistor R4 to the beginning c 'of the second winding L12, the end d' of which is led to the "-" pole of the direct voltage source.
  • a capacitor, C7 is connected in parallel with the resistor R4.
  • the base of the transistor Tr2 is also connected to the "+" pole of the voltage source via a resistor R3, a trigger diode TD in series with this, and a further resistor R2.
  • the connection point between the resistor R2 and the trigger diode TD is connected via a capacitor C5 to the "-" pole of the DC voltage source and via a diode D 1 to the collector of the transistor Tr2.
  • a capacitor C6 is arranged parallel to the first winding L1 1.
  • the winding L11 forms the resonant circuit inductance with this capacitor C6.
  • the windings L12, L1 3 and L1 of the transmission are galvanically separated from one another, but are arranged on a common core.
  • the third winding L1 3 in turn serves to connect the AC consumer.
  • Fig. 2 uses the following switching elements:
  • R3 R4 10 ohms
  • TD commercially available trigger diode with a breakdown voltage of approximately 32 V.
  • the capacitor C5 charges via the resistor R2, causing the voltage across the
  • the transistor Tr2 only receives a short start-up pulse, which can also result in high voltages at the transistor Tr2.
  • these voltages usually do not cause damage to the transistor because of their extremely brief occurrence.
  • the oscillation then proceeds in a similar manner to that in accordance with the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1 has been explained, i. H. as a function of the respective induction between the windings L1, L12 and L13, the third winding L13 again having a significant influence on the vibration behavior of the circuit arrangement.
  • the diodes D2 and D3 have only the task, if too high voltages occur in the wrong direction for an immediate one Derivation to ensure that the transistor Tr2, which is very expensive because of its high reverse voltage and relatively large power, is not damaged.
  • the circuits are usually operated at a frequency above the audible frequency, for example at 20 kHz. In principle, operation at a higher frequency is also possible. However, this has the disadvantage that interference to radio or television reception can then occur and corresponding shielding must be provided. On the other hand, if you work at around 20 kHz, these disturbances are insignificant at best.
  • the claim is that the invention relates to a high-frequency circuit with only one transistor.
  • the proposed invention also covers circuit arrangements in which the transistor is replaced by another semiconductor element that corresponds in terms of its effectiveness.
  • the use of “only one” is not intended to express that the circuit comprises only one transistor at a time. This information is to be understood in such a way that the actual oscillation circuit manages with one transistor each.
  • modifications of the circuit according to the invention are also conceivable in which a plurality of transistors or corresponding ones
  • Semiconductor elements are provided, for example as additional security devices or when special functions are to be achieved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Abstract

Circuit oscillant de haute fréquence, auto-hétérodynes, à utiliser en particulier comme appareil électronique intercalé pour tubes fluorescents ou pour l'allumage de l'éclateur à étincelle d'un dispositif d'allumage de brûleurs à gaz ou à mazout. Le transformateur possède trois enroulements et est dimensionné de telle manière qu'est créée en circuit ouvert une tension alternative de sortie fortement asymétrique avec une demi-onde de grande amplitude et que, en cas de charge déviant fortement de la charge nominale, le comportement oscillant se modifie de façon à ne pas surcharger le transistor servant à la commande du circuit.
PCT/DE1985/000041 1984-02-16 1985-02-15 Circuit oscillant de haute frequence pour effectuer une decharge gazeuse et son utilisation WO1985003835A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19843405450 DE3405450A1 (de) 1984-02-16 1984-02-16 Hochfrequenz-schwingschaltung zum betreiben einer gasentladung und deren verwendung
DEP3405450.2 1984-02-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1985003835A1 true WO1985003835A1 (fr) 1985-08-29

Family

ID=6227833

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1985/000041 WO1985003835A1 (fr) 1984-02-16 1985-02-15 Circuit oscillant de haute frequence pour effectuer une decharge gazeuse et son utilisation

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0172855A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3405450A1 (fr)
IT (1) IT1183361B (fr)
WO (1) WO1985003835A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2223893A (en) * 1988-08-20 1990-04-18 Kwei Chun Shek Oscillator circuit for lighting supply
US5065074A (en) * 1990-08-24 1991-11-12 Coolite Limited Fluorescent tube driver and lighting system

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4005776C2 (de) * 1989-02-24 1999-08-05 Zenit Energietechnik Gmbh Schaltungsanordnung zum Starten und zum Betrieb einer Gasentladungslampe

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1257673A (fr) * 1960-02-11 1961-04-07 Ouvrard & Villars Perfectionnements apportés aux électro-fanaux à piles
US4005335A (en) * 1975-07-15 1977-01-25 Iota Engineering Inc. High frequency power source for fluorescent lamps and the like
EP0056889A1 (fr) * 1981-01-26 1982-08-04 Top-Ping Hwang Source de tension simplifiée pour lampes fluorescentes

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4066930A (en) * 1975-04-02 1978-01-03 Electrides Corporation Energizing circuits for fluorescent lamps

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1257673A (fr) * 1960-02-11 1961-04-07 Ouvrard & Villars Perfectionnements apportés aux électro-fanaux à piles
US4005335A (en) * 1975-07-15 1977-01-25 Iota Engineering Inc. High frequency power source for fluorescent lamps and the like
EP0056889A1 (fr) * 1981-01-26 1982-08-04 Top-Ping Hwang Source de tension simplifiée pour lampes fluorescentes

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2223893A (en) * 1988-08-20 1990-04-18 Kwei Chun Shek Oscillator circuit for lighting supply
US5065074A (en) * 1990-08-24 1991-11-12 Coolite Limited Fluorescent tube driver and lighting system
WO1992003899A1 (fr) * 1990-08-24 1992-03-05 Coolite Limited Circuit d'attaque pour tube fluorescent et systeme d'eclairage

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT8519545A0 (it) 1985-02-15
DE3405450A1 (de) 1985-08-22
IT1183361B (it) 1987-10-22
EP0172855A1 (fr) 1986-03-05

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