WO1984001808A1 - Bruleur a combustible solide - Google Patents

Bruleur a combustible solide Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1984001808A1
WO1984001808A1 PCT/GB1982/000310 GB8200310W WO8401808A1 WO 1984001808 A1 WO1984001808 A1 WO 1984001808A1 GB 8200310 W GB8200310 W GB 8200310W WO 8401808 A1 WO8401808 A1 WO 8401808A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel
bed
fire bottom
fire
solid fuel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB1982/000310
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Alec Wilfred Smith
Original Assignee
Carbonised Fuel Combustion Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carbonised Fuel Combustion Ltd filed Critical Carbonised Fuel Combustion Ltd
Priority to AU91203/82A priority Critical patent/AU9120382A/en
Priority to JP57503291A priority patent/JPS59501959A/ja
Priority to EP82903255A priority patent/EP0139629A1/fr
Priority to PCT/GB1982/000310 priority patent/WO1984001808A1/fr
Priority to ZA837751A priority patent/ZA837751B/xx
Priority to IT49235/83A priority patent/IT1197734B/it
Priority to KR1019830005105A priority patent/KR840006398A/ko
Publication of WO1984001808A1 publication Critical patent/WO1984001808A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/16—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support
    • F23B1/18—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support using inclined grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/16—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support
    • F23B1/22—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support using travelling grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K3/00—Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus

Definitions

  • This invention relates to solid fuel burners, which either may be incorporated in boilers or may be designed as pre-burners .for supplying their combustion gases to existing boiler installations.
  • British Pa-tent Specification Number 2092294A discloses a solid fuel burner in which fuel is delivered vertically downwardly from a hopper through a discharge orifice to a fire bottom which comprises a number of cooled inclined overlapping metal plates. The fire bed slides bodily over the cooled fire bottom with no cascading of fresh fuel over the top of the fire bed, and this bodily movement automatically scrapes the clinker that is formed, downwardly over the fire bottom to a clinker collection zone.
  • This solid fuel burner is particularly useful for burning a wide range of particulate solid fuels, but has serious limitations when the fuel contains a appreciable proportion of "fines", that is to say particles of 0.8 mm mesh size. With such fuels the burning tends to localized and uneven, the fire bed tends to become cratered and the carbonmonoxide level in the flue gases tends to rise. This is unfortunate, since there is currently available internationally a vast surplus of such fuel, which at present cannot be burned either on conventional grates or on the cooled fire bottom of British Patent Application Number 2092294A, but which requires the higher technology of fluid zed bed burners.
  • the invention provides a solid fuel burner comprising a fuel hopper for delivering particulate solid fuel downwardly through a throat onto a downwardly inclined cooled fire bottom that is apertured to allow primary combustion air to pass through the fuel to support combustion therein as the fuel forms a fire bed that slides bodily down the fire bottom towards a clinker collection zone, characterized in that a reciprocable member is provided in the throat of the hopper for repeatedly compacting the fuel in the fuel bed as it burns.
  • the member is provided in the throat of the hopper, and preferably it is aligned with the general plane of the fire bed so that as it extends it compacts the fuel 8
  • the regular compaction of the fuel in the fuel bed is accompanied by a less frequent stroke of the member, which physically advances the fuel along the fire bottom.
  • This intermittent fuel movement may be the result of an occasional longer stroke of the same member, or alternatively it may be provided by another member immediately beneaththat provided for compaction, the longer stroke or the stroke of the second member extending beyond the throat as far as the fire bed itself.
  • a solid fuel burner according to this invention is capable of supporting the even and controlled combustion of particulate solid fuel that contains up to 25% by weight of fines.
  • the maximum particle size in the fuel is less than 2.5 mm, and advantageously the fuel contains no more than 15% by weight,preferably no more than 10% by weight, of particles with a size of 8 mm or more.
  • Rexco (Trade Mark) and Coalite, (Trade Mark). These are lower temperature cokes, containing more volatiles than the Avenue Breeze referred to above. In comminuted form they have proved very unsatisfactory for burning on other types of solid fuel burner, but highly satisfactory burning and good efficiency can be obtained in a burner according to the invention.
  • Coal Fines These can contain up to 30% volatiles, and by varying the degree of compaction and the depth of the fire bed, efficient burning can be obtained in a solid fuel burner according to this invention without the creation of excessive soot deposits.
  • Processed Coal Tars optionally blended with comminuted refuse or wood. Heavy coal tar fractions have a high thermal content, and can obtained in pelleted form for use as a fuel. The thermal content of this fuel is such that it is preferable to blend it with a less vigorously burning fuel, such as sawdust or comminuted refuse, thereby to obtain a synthetic fuel that burns particularly well in a solid fuel burner according to this invention.
  • the burner of the invention may be provided with automatic ignition in the form of electrical heaters for heating the primary air supplied to at least some of the apertures in the fire bottom to above ignition temperature. It may also be provided with automatic clinker removal. For example the clinker collection zone may lead to a clinker trough into which the clinker falls and from which it is removed automatically by a lead screw.
  • the burner of the invention enables the simultaneous control of the combustion air (primary and/or secondary) the degree of fuel compaction in the fire bed and the rate of fuel movement down the fire bed.
  • the depth of fire bed is also variable by setting the size of the hopper throat.
  • Figure 1 is a partly schematic vertical section through a fuel hopper and fire bottom of a solid fuel burner according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a vertical section, taken along the line II-II of Figure 1, through the solid fuel burner and an associated boiler. In Figure 2 detail of the boiler is omitted as this forms no part of the invention.
  • the particulate solid fuel 10 shown in Figure 1 is omitted from Figure 2 except for a small dotted, line 10a which indicates the top right hand edge of the fuel bed in use.
  • the fuel 10 in Figure 1 is stored in a hopper 12, a front wall 14 and side walls (not shown) of which are vertical, and a rear wall 16 of which is inclined at about 10 to the vertical so as to reduce to a minimum the amount of bridging of the fuel that is encountered as the fuel 10 falls under gravity towards the fire bottom.
  • an adjustable throat plate 18 which defines a throat 20 of the hopper through which fuel must pass to reach the fire bed, indicated generally as 22.
  • the fire bed 22 is formed by a layer of fuel lying on a fire bottom provided by inclined plates 24 and 26.
  • the plate 26 is water-cooled, as it has a water jacket 28 formed beneath it for ensuring both the cooling of the plate 26 and a degree of pre-heating of the boiler water. Passages for primary combustion air are formed through the water jacket 28 and plate 26, as indicated generally in Figure 1 as 30.
  • the resulting combustion zone in the fire bed is immediately above a reduction zone as indicated in Figure 1 as 32. It will be seen from Figure 1 that uncontrolled combustion of the fuel in such a fire bed would result in the formation of craters 34.
  • the formation of such craters results in a loss of efficiency of the solid fuel burner, and a marked increase in the stack emission.
  • the present invention avoids the formation of such craters in a manner to be described below.
  • the avoidance of craters, and control of the movement of the burning bed of fuel, is achieved according to the invention by means of actuators 50 and 52 under the control of a ram or torque motor (not shown).
  • the ram or torque motor imparts a regular oscillating movement to the actuator 50, which reciprocates regularly in the throat20 with a stroke length indicated in Figure 1 as 54.
  • Pins 56 in the actuator 50 are permitted an amount of free movement relative to the actuator 52 such that the actuator 52 is not moved during this regular reciprocable motion of the actuator 50.
  • the actuator 50 is caused to perform a longer stroke in excess of the limits of free movement between the actuators 50 and 52, so that the actuator 52 is moved by an amount 58.
  • the extents ofmovement 54 and 58 are chosen so that the ' regular oscillation of the actuator 50 over the distance 54 is sufficient simply to compact the - 1.1
  • the intermittent longer movement of the actuator 50 (longer by the distance 58) is sufficient to move the burning bed of fuel bodily down the fire bottom so that on return of the actuators 50 and 52 more fuel is allowed to fall into the throat 20 of the hopper.
  • the dual length of stroke of the actuatotrs 50 and 52 not only permits the avoidance of craters 34, but also it enables the solid fuel burner to achieve a regular and controlled burning of fuel.
  • the stroke lengths are both capable of adjustment, as are the stroke frequencies and speeds of travel.
  • Figure 2 shows generally how the solid fuel burner of the invention can be arranged alongside a conventional boiler, so that the combustion gases pass from the burner at 60, beneath a baffle 62, into the boiler 64.
  • the floor 66 of the boiler would typically be of fire bricks or ceramic material.
  • FIG. 2 also shows a water jacketed air inlet 68 by means of which the combustion air is passed to the plenum chamber 36.
  • Clearly control of the air supply would be monitored in use in conjunction with the control of the actuators 50 and 52.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

Brûleur capable de brûler du combustible solide de très petit calibre (10) (jusqu'à 25 % en particules fines de 0,8 mm d'ouverture de maille) d'une manière commandée, à une échelle domestique ou industrielle. Le fond du foyer est une plaque métallique à chemise d'eau (26). L'air de combustion primaire passe par les ouvertures (30) situées dans la chemise d'eau (28) et la plaque (26). On évite la cratérisation (34) et la combustion inégale du combustible grâce à un organe (50) doté d'un mouvement de va-et-vient et situé dans le col (20) de la trémie de combustible (12) alimentant le lit de combustible (22). La longueur de la course du mouvement alternatif (54) est réglée, conjointement avec la taille du col et l'alimentation en air, pour suffir à compacter le combustible brûlant sans le pousser entièrement en bas du lit de foyer, bien qu'une course plus longue (58) soit occasionnellement permise pour effectuer le déplacement total du lit de combustible.
PCT/GB1982/000310 1982-10-29 1982-10-29 Bruleur a combustible solide WO1984001808A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU91203/82A AU9120382A (en) 1982-10-29 1982-10-29 Solid fuel burner
JP57503291A JPS59501959A (ja) 1982-10-29 1982-10-29 固体燃料燃焼器
EP82903255A EP0139629A1 (fr) 1982-10-29 1982-10-29 Bruleur a combustible solide
PCT/GB1982/000310 WO1984001808A1 (fr) 1982-10-29 1982-10-29 Bruleur a combustible solide
ZA837751A ZA837751B (en) 1982-10-29 1983-10-18 Solid fuel burner
IT49235/83A IT1197734B (it) 1982-10-29 1983-10-27 Bruciatore di combustibile solido
KR1019830005105A KR840006398A (ko) 1982-10-29 1983-10-28 고체연료 버어너

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/GB1982/000310 WO1984001808A1 (fr) 1982-10-29 1982-10-29 Bruleur a combustible solide

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1984001808A1 true WO1984001808A1 (fr) 1984-05-10

Family

ID=10527492

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB1982/000310 WO1984001808A1 (fr) 1982-10-29 1982-10-29 Bruleur a combustible solide

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0139629A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS59501959A (fr)
KR (1) KR840006398A (fr)
AU (1) AU9120382A (fr)
IT (1) IT1197734B (fr)
WO (1) WO1984001808A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA837751B (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100341816B1 (ko) * 1999-10-11 2002-06-26 대한민국(관리청:특허청장, 승계청:제주대학교총장) 석탄을 이용한 다단 연소장치

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB286074A (en) * 1927-02-17 1928-03-01 Alfred William Bennis Improvements in and relating to mechanical stokers for furnaces
US1739836A (en) * 1927-08-02 1929-12-17 Int Comb Eng Corp Furnace
GB421025A (en) * 1933-03-30 1934-12-12 Verwarmings Mij Nv Automatic solid fuel stokers
GB494120A (en) * 1936-06-09 1938-10-20 Varmo S A Improvements in or relating to furnaces
GB692629A (en) * 1949-05-09 1953-06-10 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Improvements in mechanical stokers
GB1047951A (en) * 1962-06-13 1966-11-09 Lorraine Houilleres Improved combustion method for agglutinant swelling coals with a high content of volatile substances, and apparatus for performing the same
FR2385991A1 (fr) * 1977-03-29 1978-10-27 Anvar Chaudiere permettant de bruler des combustibles solides
GB2092294A (en) * 1981-01-28 1982-08-11 Smith Alec Wilfred Solid Fuel Burning Apparatus

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB286074A (en) * 1927-02-17 1928-03-01 Alfred William Bennis Improvements in and relating to mechanical stokers for furnaces
US1739836A (en) * 1927-08-02 1929-12-17 Int Comb Eng Corp Furnace
GB421025A (en) * 1933-03-30 1934-12-12 Verwarmings Mij Nv Automatic solid fuel stokers
GB494120A (en) * 1936-06-09 1938-10-20 Varmo S A Improvements in or relating to furnaces
GB692629A (en) * 1949-05-09 1953-06-10 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Improvements in mechanical stokers
GB1047951A (en) * 1962-06-13 1966-11-09 Lorraine Houilleres Improved combustion method for agglutinant swelling coals with a high content of volatile substances, and apparatus for performing the same
FR2385991A1 (fr) * 1977-03-29 1978-10-27 Anvar Chaudiere permettant de bruler des combustibles solides
GB2092294A (en) * 1981-01-28 1982-08-11 Smith Alec Wilfred Solid Fuel Burning Apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA837751B (en) 1984-06-27
EP0139629A1 (fr) 1985-05-08
IT1197734B (it) 1988-12-06
AU9120382A (en) 1984-05-22
KR840006398A (ko) 1984-11-29
JPS59501959A (ja) 1984-11-22
IT8349235A0 (it) 1983-10-27

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