WO1983001885A1 - Procede, appareil d'alimentation et dispositif d'eclairage a luminescence pour l'alimentation simultanee de plusieurs dispositifs d'eclairage a partir d'une alimentation commune - Google Patents

Procede, appareil d'alimentation et dispositif d'eclairage a luminescence pour l'alimentation simultanee de plusieurs dispositifs d'eclairage a partir d'une alimentation commune Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1983001885A1
WO1983001885A1 PCT/HU1982/000060 HU8200060W WO8301885A1 WO 1983001885 A1 WO1983001885 A1 WO 1983001885A1 HU 8200060 W HU8200060 W HU 8200060W WO 8301885 A1 WO8301885 A1 WO 8301885A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
output
supply
transformer
pulse
energy
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/HU1982/000060
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Aladar Rozsnyai
Endre Kiraly
Original Assignee
Rozsnyai, Aladár
Endre Kiraly
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rozsnyai, Aladár, Endre Kiraly filed Critical Rozsnyai, Aladár
Priority to AU91297/82A priority Critical patent/AU9129782A/en
Publication of WO1983001885A1 publication Critical patent/WO1983001885A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • H05B41/288—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps without preheating electrodes, e.g. for high-intensity discharge lamps, high-pressure mercury or sodium lamps or low-pressure sodium lamps
    • H05B41/292—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions
    • H05B41/2921—Arrangements for protecting lamps or circuits against abnormal operating conditions for protecting the circuit against abnormal operating conditions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method which enables different types of gas discharge lamps to be fed simultaneously from a common energy source in such a way that extraordinarily favorable - practically optimal - operating conditions can be guaranteed, u. a. optimal impedance matching despite the differences in operating parameters and consequently minimal loss of power and increased lifespan of the filament.
  • Conventional supply devices for the operation according to the invention can also be structurally supplemented and conventional illuminants can also be supplied according to the invention;
  • the method according to the invention can be used particularly advantageously if feed devices constructed according to the invention are used for this purpose, and the mode of operation of an illumination system operated according to the invention can be further improved by using novel luminous elements.
  • New feeders and light fixtures built according to the invention are therefore also the subject of our invention,
  • the invention can advantageously be used for the operation of gas discharge lamps with cold electrodes; the invention is i. w. are described with the aid of such an application, but the experts can see from the description that and how the invention can also be used in illumination systems which are equipped with other types of gas discharge lamps, in order to better approximate the optimal operating conditions.
  • High-voltage neon lamps have been used since the 1910s in increasing amounts, especially for advertising purposes, the structure of which has been widespread over the course of this long-used application Luminous body and its supply has hardly changed.
  • power is supplied via stray transformers, i.e. devices with a relatively large size and weight and a relatively low level of efficiency.
  • the voltage requirement is usually 800-1200 V / m, with an additional potential difference of about 200 V per pair of electrodes. If such a high voltage is supplied to the device directly from the supply network (i.e. with the network frequency of 50 or 60 Hz), there is an increased risk of life, accident and malfunction; frequent faults in the system and breakdowns are mostly due to this.
  • the luminous bodies have extended surface electrodes at both ends, which are heated to a high degree because of the relatively high field strength, possibly heated / which also causes high energy loss / and the metal particles emerging from the lietal electrodes absorb noble gas atoms and bind them to the inner vessel wall / bulb wall /; the filling pressure drops accordingly, the sound tension increases, the lighting effect of the lamp is reduced.
  • the invention is based on the finding that a suitable combination of individually known adaptation methods enables the use of a novel feeding method by means of which various gas-filled luminous elements can be used under optimal operating conditions despite differing operating parameters conditions can be operated together from a single supply unit; There is therefore no need for a parallel connection of different supply units for the supply of luminous elements with different operating parameters and the composition of the consumers fed together can be changed as desired without having to change the design of the system; only the operating conditions of the source have to be corrected accordingly by setting.
  • This operating system which is inherently elastic, can be developed further by making it possible to supply the gas-filled luminous elements in a more flexible manner by using external auxiliary electrodes.
  • the invention accordingly relates to a procedural ren for the common supply of several gas-filled filament, z. B. cold cathode fluorescent tubes, with an operating frequency exceeding the mains frequency, the output voltage of a transformer being coupled to the supply contacts of the luminous elements.
  • the invention consists in that a transformer with a plurality of output terminal pairs - assuring taps or several independent secondary windings ensuring different transmission ratios - is used and the various light sources to be fed by the same unit are each fed via that output terminal pair, whose transmission ratio enables an adaptation closest to the optimal operating conditions, whereby different lamps designed for the same supply voltage value may be supplied in parallel, and different lamps designed for the same supply current value may be fed in series via the pair of output terminals whose transmission ratio ensures the optimal operating conditions in this circuit.
  • Energy converters that operate in switching mode and deliver a zero-symmetrical energy wave at the output are advantageously used as the feed source, eg. B.
  • the instantaneous value of the output current is monitored continuously or on a random basis and if the instantaneous value of the monitored parameter deviates from the permitted tolerance range, one or more parameter (s) / the waveform is changed; if e.g. B the maximum value of the range has been exceeded, the amplitude or pulse duration of the output
  • the feed energy can then be supplied to the illuminant in divided fashion, the partial ratio being determined and designed by the impedance ratio between the conventionally arranged Main electrodes and the auxiliary electrodes arranged and designed according to the invention is determined.
  • the secondary winding system of the feed unit according to the invention thus has several pairs of terminals, the each forms an output for different transmission ratios and the transformer is expediently coupled to a supply unit which delivers pulse-shaped output energy, expediently also gowns are available which enable the repetition frequency and / or the amplitude and / or the pulse duration to be regulated.
  • the supply unit is advantageously provided with / each / an operating element for changing the output voltage and / or the output current.
  • the energy converter creates a zero-symmetrical waveform at the output, i.e. a pulse generator is used, to whose control input or control inputs / each / a component or a structural unit is connected, by means of which parameter / s / the delivered one Feed energy can be influenced, current sensors being coupled to the output terminal pairs, the latter, in contrast, to signal inputs of a control unit, and the control unit being coupled via one or more outputs to the / respectively corresponding / control input of the energy source.
  • a luminous body according to the invention is equipped with main electrodes, which are designed and arranged in accordance with the conventional feed contacts and are arranged in the vicinity of at least one of these main electrodes / each / an auxiliary electrode, which - as a wire winding or layer coating - on the corresponding bulb end on the outer wall of the bulb lies on.
  • the dimensions of the supply unit are expediently chosen so that reliable operation over a relatively wide input voltage range / z.
  • auxiliary electrodes serves to relieve and protect the main electrodes inserted into the interior of the piston; the external auxiliary electrodes supply the energy via a dielectric coupling path and "help" the main electrodes arranged in the vacuum space, which can significantly increase the service life of the filament; the increase in the resulting electrode area also reduces the power loss and thus the consumption related to the useful power;
  • the areas of application are also expanding, since the luminosity can be increased without harmful effects, which naturally requires a correspondingly dimensioned food source.
  • a feed unit designed in this way is regulated by means of a coupled control unit, the propagation of the high-frequency ionization in the gas space between the electrodes of the luminous element - by controlling the field strength between the electrodes - can be influenced both in terms of the direction and the speed of propagation; If the luminous element variant is linear and tubular, the text or image text can be displayed in a constantly moving writing form within a luminous element. If differently colored luminous powders are used, such controls can alternately display different colors.
  • main electrode and auxiliary electrode are used to differentiate between the internal and external electrodes, which means that there is no evaluation of the distribution of the energy transfer occur that the greater part of the energy is fed in via the "auxiliary electrode".
  • Control units can be used for the step-by-step or stepless regulation of the light intensity of the / individual / luminous element, and it is of course also possible to include combined control units for various control functions.
  • the term "cooking frequency” is understood as the frequency that exceeds the mains frequency / is not only cheap for the sake of reducing the risk of life and property damage and susceptibility to faults, the electrodes are also better protected, the conventional high-voltage cable routing and the additional protective earth wire are omitted and also other work and material expenses that are necessary for stray transformers.
  • the feed unit according to the invention can be widely used for feeding gas-filled luminous elements, regardless of the noble gas with which the interior is filled. Systems which are currently installed and working can be converted to the mode of operation according to the invention at the expense of only minor changes. In general, 4 to 6 luminous elements are fed via one feed unit, it is also possible to operate more than one lamp unit, the operating costs are correspondingly lower than in previously known systems.
  • Spot-like lamps can also be designed and operated according to the invention, and lamps can also be used whose pistons are at least partly made of electrically conductive glass.
  • Fig. 1. shows the design as a DC-AC converter
  • Fig. 2 that as an AC-AC converter
  • Fig. 3 illustrates the peculiarities of a supply unit working in switching mode
  • Fig. 3.a the control loop
  • Fig. 3.b the Coupling three consumers to a secondary winding with taps
  • Fig. 3.c shows the coupling of three consumers to three independent secondary windings.
  • the circuit diagram of a self-excited single-ended inverter for use in accordance with the invention is shown in Fig. 4.a
  • characteristics of the corresponding operating conditions are shown in Fig. 4.b, Ahb. 5.a corresponding to the circuit diagram of a self-excited push-pull inverter, Fig. 5.b and 5.c characteristics for this mode of operation.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 separately excited single-ended or push-pull inverters are shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, while FIG. 8 illustrates the design of a luminous element with the auxiliary electrodes attached according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows that a DC voltage source 11 is connected to the input of a DC-AC inverter 12 built in a manner known per se.
  • the output of the inverter 12 is the tapped secondary winding of the transformer.
  • the energy source is thus connected between the TJasse terminal 0 and the input terminal 12a of the inverter 12, while the luminous element 13 to be fed is connected between ground and one of the output terminals 12b, c, d, e.
  • Fig. 2 shows that the AC voltage source 21 is connected between the ground terminal 0 and the input terminal 24a of a converter 24, in which a chain circuit with rectifier stage 25 and DC-AC inverter 22 is arranged.
  • the luminous element 23 is also connected between the cash register and one of the output terminals 24b, c, d, e.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates the structure of a known energy converter; the luminous element 33 is connected to the terminals of the secondary winding 36 of a transformer 32.
  • the transformer 32 is arranged in the collector circuit of a switching transistor 31.
  • Fig. 3.a shows that in the current loop, which contains the secondary winding 3 ⁇ , a current transformer 34 is inserted; this is designed as a further transformer and coupled to the base electrode of a further transistor 35, the latter regulating the operating point of the switching transistor 31.
  • Fig. 3.b shows that the secondary winding 3o of the transformer 32 is provided with taps, so the secondary winding 3o forms three current loops and a luminous element 331, 332 and 333 is inserted into each of these.
  • Three current loops are also formed in the version according to Fig. 3.c.
  • the three illuminants are different, e.g. B. each a neon lamp with 10 or 20 mm diameter and an argon lamp with 10 mm diameter or a neon lamp with 10 mm diameter and each an argon lamp with 10 or 20 mm diameter etc.
  • three such different lamps can only can be connected to a common supply source via different series resistors or an adapter, since there are differences with regard to voltage and current requirements.
  • a common property of all switching operation converters is that the output voltage remains proportional to the input voltage.
  • the converter is dimensioned so that with an input voltage of 10 V a tap over 280 turns gives a 700 V high output voltage and thus a 1 m long neon tube with an internal resistance of 28 kOhm is fed for a power of 17.5 W. If a similar, but 2 or 3 m long neon tube is to be fed, a voltage of 20 or 30 V is applied to the input of the converter.
  • the converter is dimensioned in such a way that it can withstand the operating conditions equally regardless of whether 10, 20 or 30 V are connected to the input terminals and the saturation of the iron core is achieved with optimal operating conditions. Now becomes the same tap Loaded with a tube whose internal resistance is higher, the iron core does not go into a saturated state, the efficiency of the system is lower.
  • Transistor 35 is driven in accordance with the voltage gradient in the base circuit and the operating point of switching transistor 32 is shifted accordingly.
  • the regulation can also be carried out via a pulse duration modulator, in which case the pulse duration required to ensure the preselected average current is always set.
  • the meandering output pulse sequence will be zero-symmetrical.
  • each of the two electrodes is alternately the same Periods of cathode or anode can be assumed with good approximation that the particles adhering to the cathode in one half period are repelled in the next half period by the electrode, which now acts as an anode. A lifespan increase of around 30-35% can thus be expected.
  • Tube current monitors and regulates the output voltage and / or the output current, i.e. the charge integral over the time unit accordingly to the setpoint.
  • Fig. 4.a shows that in.
  • Collector circuit of the switching transistor 41 is arranged a primary winding 42 which feeds the filament 43 via iron core coupling and secondary winding 46.
  • the gear ratios of the feedback coil, primary winding 42 and secondary winding 46 are n 1 : n 2 : n 3 .
  • the current converter 44 is coupled via the resistor R2 to the base electrode of the further transistor 45, the base resistor R1 is connected to ground.
  • the ge in series switched resistors R4 and R3 connect the feedback coil to the base electrode of the switching transistor 41, the base impedance of which is created by the internal resistance of the further transistor 45.
  • the resistor R3 is bridged by a capacitor. After switching on the system, the high-frequency voltage appears on the terminals of the secondary winding 4 ⁇ .
  • the transmission ratio n 2 / n 3 is selected so that the voltage at the secondary winding 46 is higher than the ignition voltage of the luminous element 43. As long as the luminous element 43 does not ignite, the current transformer 44 does not give an actual value signal, so the switching transistor will operate 41 not limited. But is the ignition, the control loop limits the collector flow of the switching transistor 41, the impedance ratio of the resistors R1 and R2 accordingly. The efficiency of the self-excited inverters decreases with increasing supply voltage if the saturation of the iron core is selected at the optimal working point, which has already been dealt with above. In Figure 4.b the abscissa shows the
  • each resistor R t can be assigned an optimal impedance at which the conversion efficiency is at a maximum. If you deviate from this optimum value / if you take a longer or shorter tube /, the efficiency deteriorates depending on the direction and the value of the distance from the optimal value, but this can be kept between limits if the translation series for the various output terminals is well chosen becomes; then each tube can be connected to the output terminal whose optimal operating point adapts perfectly to the operating characteristics of the corresponding tube.
  • the basic structure of the controlled single-ended inverter according to Fig. 6 is similar to that according to Fig. 4; this applies to the switching transistor 61, the primary winding 62, the secondary winding 66, the current transformer 64 and the resistors R1 and R2 and also the luminous element 63 is inserted in the same way into the loop of the secondary circuit.
  • a pulse duration modulator in the form of the integrated circuit / iw: IC / 67 is used in the control loop. This modulator can regulate the duty cycle between 0 and 1/0% to 100% /.
  • the pulse duty factor is influenced by the control voltage U1 and this determines the average current of the pulse train, the amplitude of which corresponds to the voltage U2.
  • the IC 67 regulates the pulse duty factor of the pulse train to the maximum value.
  • pulse duration modulation effects regulation similar to that of self-excited systems, but the transformer is not dimensioned for saturation at the optimal operating point; the efficiency is somewhat higher and in practice it is independent of the value of the supply voltage Um.
  • Efficiencies between 75 and 85% have been achieved with the circuits built so far. The mode of operation of the circuit according to Fig. 7 may be due to the previous one can be followed by experts without further explanation.
  • the task of the switching transistors 711 and 712, the primary winding 72 and secondary winding 76, the current transformer 74 and the resistors R1 and R2 are known, and the luminous element 73 is also supplied in the manner already described.
  • the efficiency depends only to a small extent on the value of the supply voltage U T and is 75-35%.
  • One of the feed units according to the invention which had already been tested was dimensioned for an input voltage range of 12 to 36 V.
  • the frequency of the output signal was approximately 20 kHz in this sample device. When the frequency is reduced, audible noise components appear, a significantly higher frequency would also be disadvantageous since the power loss in the transformer and the switching transistor (s) increases with the frequency.
  • the gas-filled tube 32 in FIG. 8 is a customary tube, purchased on the harp and subsequently provided with auxiliary electrodes in the manner according to the invention.
  • the main electrode 83 is therefore the electrode originally welded in the factory in a conventional manner, which is arranged in the gas space or projects into the gas space.
  • the auxiliary electrode 84 was subsequently wound up as a wire thread, it covers the piston ends in the vicinity of the conventional power connections. In the embodiment shown, the area of the auxiliary electrode was enlarged by covering the piston neck after winding up the copper wire with electrically conductive dye.
  • the auxiliary electrodes 84 were first coupled to corresponding terminals of the supply unit during the operational test. With a tube current of 20% of the nominal value, this supply caused a lighting with low light intensity.
  • the tube was supplied with the amount of energy required for operation, but the brightness exceeded the level customary in the prior art, and yet the load on the main electrodes 83 was able to be reduced by about 20% in this way. can be reduced, which obviously has a noticeable effect in increased service life.

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  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Abstract

Dans le procédé plusieurs dispositifs lumineux par décharge dans du gaz sont alimentés simultanément à partir d'une source commune. Bien que les paramètres des dispositifs diffèrent les uns des autres, une adaptation des dispositifs utilisateurs à la source est réalisée ce qui entraîne un meilleur rendement, une plus longue vie pour les corps lumineux, une meilleure sécurité d'emploi et une meilleure protection contre les accidents. La source contient un convertisseur d'énergie avec transformateur; l'enroulement secondaire du transformateur est muni de plusieurs paires de bornes de sortie qui réalisent plusieurs rapports de transformation entre le primaire et le secondaire. Chaque utilisateur et chaque combinaison série parallèle d'utilisateurs sont alimentés par les bornes de sortie qui réalisent l'adaptation optimale. Le corps lumineux selon l'invention est muni, en plus des électrodes usuelles principales, d'électrodes auxiliaires qui soulagent les électrodes principales.
PCT/HU1982/000060 1981-11-17 1982-11-16 Procede, appareil d'alimentation et dispositif d'eclairage a luminescence pour l'alimentation simultanee de plusieurs dispositifs d'eclairage a partir d'une alimentation commune WO1983001885A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU91297/82A AU9129782A (en) 1981-11-17 1982-11-16 Verfahren, speisegerat und gasentladungs- leuchtkorper fur die gleichzeitige speisung verschiedener leuchtkorper von einer gemeinsamen energiequlle

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HU343681 1981-11-17
HU3436/81811117 1981-11-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1983001885A1 true WO1983001885A1 (fr) 1983-05-26

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PCT/HU1982/000060 WO1983001885A1 (fr) 1981-11-17 1982-11-16 Procede, appareil d'alimentation et dispositif d'eclairage a luminescence pour l'alimentation simultanee de plusieurs dispositifs d'eclairage a partir d'une alimentation commune

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0093751A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1983001885A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0221864A2 (fr) * 1985-11-05 1987-05-13 Lumalampan Aktiebolag Culot pour lampe à décharge électrique compacte

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU161423A1 (fr) *
GB1373465A (en) * 1971-01-15 1974-11-13 Hydrotech Int Inc Connector for tubular members
US4060752A (en) * 1976-03-01 1977-11-29 General Electric Company Discharge lamp auxiliary circuit with dI/dt switching control
US4071807A (en) * 1976-08-13 1978-01-31 Yoshinobu Ichinose Fluorescent lamp lighting device
US4158156A (en) * 1978-01-30 1979-06-12 Gte Sylvania Incorporated Electron ballast apparatus for gaseous discharge lamps
DE2931870A1 (de) * 1979-08-06 1981-02-19 Siemens Ag Wechselrichter zum betrieb von mindestens zwei entladungslampen

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU161423A1 (fr) *
GB1373465A (en) * 1971-01-15 1974-11-13 Hydrotech Int Inc Connector for tubular members
US4060752A (en) * 1976-03-01 1977-11-29 General Electric Company Discharge lamp auxiliary circuit with dI/dt switching control
US4071807A (en) * 1976-08-13 1978-01-31 Yoshinobu Ichinose Fluorescent lamp lighting device
US4158156A (en) * 1978-01-30 1979-06-12 Gte Sylvania Incorporated Electron ballast apparatus for gaseous discharge lamps
DE2931870A1 (de) * 1979-08-06 1981-02-19 Siemens Ag Wechselrichter zum betrieb von mindestens zwei entladungslampen

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Tschishenko J.M. I DR. OSNOWY Preobrasowateljnoji Techniki, Wisshaja Schkola,Moskwa, 1974,s.114 *
Zukatscher W.G. OSWETITELJNYE Ustrojstwa S Lumeneszentnymi Lampani, GEI, Moskwa, 1959, from 63 to 65, fig. 2.25 Sh.s *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0221864A2 (fr) * 1985-11-05 1987-05-13 Lumalampan Aktiebolag Culot pour lampe à décharge électrique compacte
EP0221864A3 (fr) * 1985-11-05 1987-10-07 Lumalampan Aktiebolag Culot pour lampe à décharge électrique compacte

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