Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M103/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being an inorganic material
  • C10M103/06—Metal compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
  • C10M2201/062—Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/085—Phosphorus oxides, acids or salts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
  • C10M2201/102—Silicates
  • C10M2201/103—Clays; Mica; Zeolites
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
  • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
  • C10M2207/122—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms monocarboxylic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
  • C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/242—Hot working
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/243—Cold working
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
  • C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
  • C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
  • C10N2040/247—Stainless steel

Definitions

• the invention relates to lubricants for the working of hot metals, particularly In forging and stamping.
• aqueous dispersions of solid lubricants such as graphite or molybdenum disulphide have been used. These solids have been shown to be effective lubricants, but tend to be expensive and dirty in use, and liable to lead to blockage of equipment when applied by hand-held or automatic spray systems. More recently, lubricants generally referred to as synthetic lubricants have been developed, based on aqueous solutions of inorganic or organic compounds. A frequent component in such lubricants is sodium bicarbonate; for example, in conjunction with sodium nitrite (B.P. 1 499 154) or with sodium pentaborate (U.S.P. 4104178).
• the invention provides compositions of alkali metal or other metal phosphates and carbonates or bicarbonates , as such or made up in solution or slurry form ready for application, and a method of forging or otherwise working hot metals by plastic deformation in which use Is made of such composition as a lubricant. Both the tools and if desired the workpieces may be coated.
• the carbonates or bicarbonates and phosphates are water soluble, but compositions in which either or both are insoluble and which are applied in slurry form or dry form are not excluded.
• Alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonates or bicarbonates are convenient.
• the function of the phosphates is to give lubricity.
• the function of the carbonate or bicarbonate is to decompose to give carbon dioxide at working temperatures of 300° to 1100°C, with the effects explained herein.
• the original components of the composition or their decomposition products provide a lubricating film of molten salts.
• the components of the composition may be chosen to give a graduated response of melting and/or release of gas, and for example low melting materials such as lower fatty acid salts may be included in the composition with the main components.
• low melting materials such as lower fatty acid salts
• Sodium acetate is an example of these low melting materials, which may also act as a binder for the other components at the lower temperatures and themselves also release gaseous decomposition products.
• compositions may thus give a graduated response spreading useful effects over a considerable range of temperature, first by melting and breakdown of the sodium acetate, then by melting of the phosphate, and finally by breakdown of the carbonate or bicarbonate.
• the phosphates are of course chosen not to have excessive acidity releasing carbon dioxide prematurely particularly when the compositions are made up in water for application. They may be salts of any of the 'phosphoric' acids, i.e. those in which the phosphorus is in oxidation state V, including condensed or polyphosphate salts.
• compositions a) Have good wetting properties on hot metal surfaces at temperatures of the order of 300°C, leaving a solid salt coating on them. b) Remain in contact, first as a solid, then as a melt, with metal surfaces subject to rapid heating to temperatures in excess of 1000°C c) Evolve gas at a steady rate over a wide temperature range, a fact thoughtImportant in providing 'lift' from the tool.
• the weight ratio of the phosphate to the carbonate or bicarbonate has been found to be best at 1:1 to 5:1 but compositions in at least the range 0.16:1 to 25:1 are useful.
• a salt of a lower carboxylic acid conveniently an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt and in particular a C 1 - C 5 salt such as sodium acetate, improves release of the workpiece from the tool even further.
• composition optionally also contains other ingredients, as known in themselves in the field, for example clay thickeners.
• other ingredients as known in themselves in the field, for example clay thickeners. In such a way, a total system can be designed for ease of application and controlled coverage of the lubricant over the die.
• compositions when applied to both the top and bottom die, prior to the forging of a workpiece have been found to show all the desirable characteristics 1) to 4) set out earlier and to be non-fuming.
• the compositions can be applied as concentrated aqueous solutions for particularly severe operations or more diluted. They can be easily dosed and handled, are stable when stored, and are economical in use.
• the proportions of the various ingredients e.g. alkali metal phosphate and alkali metal carbonate, or bicarbonate, or optional ingredients of the lubricant composition, according to the invention, and the concentration of the phosphate and carbonate or bicarbonate in the solution as applied, together with optional ingredients, may be varied over a wide range depending on the particular application and the temperature involved.
• compositions within the general range above are given below, first for a dry salt composition from which the lubricant composition as applied can be made up and secondly for the composition as applied.
• compositions illustrating the invention including test results on the compositions and on comparative compositions not according to the invention.
• CALGON Is the registered trade name for sodium polyphosphate manufactured by Albright & Wilson Limited.
• MACALOID is the registered trade name for bentonite clay manufactured by Steetley Minerals Limited.
• compositions Identified as 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A were prepared by dissolving the sodium polyphosphate, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium acetate in the water, mixing at high speed and then adding the thickening agent.
• compositions were applied by (a) spraying and (b) swabbing onto a metal surface at 300°C and their wetting properties observed.
• the metal surfaces, once coated with lubricant were then placed in a furnace at 1100°C and the subsequent decomposition of the lubricant observed.
• composition below was prepared using a mixing vessel and a paddle stirrer.
• the sodium polyphosphate, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium acetate were dissolved in the water and the thickening agent dispersed, with rapid stirring, in this solution:
• composition below was prepared using a mixing vessel and a paddle stirrer.
• the sodium polyphosphate, potassium carbonate and sodium acetate were dissolved in the water with rapid agitation.
• This formulation is of a viscosity which can be readily applied using hand-held or automatic spray systems, though a thickening agent can readily be added to allow the lubricant to be applied by swab as in Example 3.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Forging (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

Priority Applications (2)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=10517914

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Cited By (3)

Families Citing this family (5)

Citations (9)

• 1981
  • 1981-12-08 AU AU78993/81A patent/AU7899381A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1981-12-08 EP EP81305791A patent/EP0054399A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1981-12-08 JP JP57500031A patent/JPS57501918A/ja active Pending
  • 1981-12-08 WO PCT/GB1981/000265 patent/WO1982002058A1/en not_active Ceased

Patent Citations (9)

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