US3804761A - Forging lubricant - Google Patents

Forging lubricant Download PDF

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Publication number
US3804761A
US3804761A US00288278A US28827872A US3804761A US 3804761 A US3804761 A US 3804761A US 00288278 A US00288278 A US 00288278A US 28827872 A US28827872 A US 28827872A US 3804761 A US3804761 A US 3804761A
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United States
Prior art keywords
lead
forging
lubricant
percent
calcium molybdate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00288278A
Inventor
W Milz
W Johnston
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Howmet Aerospace Inc
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Aluminum Company of America
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Priority to US00288278A priority Critical patent/US3804761A/en
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Publication of US3804761A publication Critical patent/US3804761A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
    • C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/04—Elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/04—Elements
    • C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/04—Elements
    • C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
    • C10M2201/042—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black halogenated, i.e. graphite fluoride
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/062—Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/081—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/082—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/084—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/087—Boron oxides, acids or salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/16—Naphthenic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/08—Groups 4 or 14
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/242—Hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/243—Cold working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
    • C10N2040/247—Stainless steel

Definitions

  • This invention relates to forging lubricants. More particularly, it relates to a forging lubricant capable of withstanding 800 F. or higher forging temperatures.
  • the preferred amount of calcium molybdate, magnesium metaborate, or both added according to our invention is from about 4 to about 6 percent by weight.
  • the preferred dispersing agent, with additional lubricatin power, for the lead and other additives, as known for use in prior art forging lubricants, is an organic solvent dispersant such as mineral oil.
  • the solvent or solvents usually make up at least about 50 percent 3,804,761 Patented Apr. 16, 1974 ice by weight of the lubricating composition.
  • Our preferred forging lubricant contains from about 1 to about 5 percent by weight lead (measured as elemental lead), from about 1 to about 10 percent by weight graphite and from about 0.5 to about 10 percent by weight of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of calcium molybdate and magnesium metaborate.
  • the forging lubricant may be applied in the vicinity where the metal forged comes in contact with the die or other forging tool by brushing, spraying or the like.
  • EXAMPLE 1 The following composition was employed as a forging lubricant in forging cups from aluminum, using 800 F. tools.
  • EXAMPLE 2 Substantially the same composition as that of Example 1 was employed in forging aluminum cups at 800 F. except for use of magnesium metaborate in place of the calcium molybdate. A similar reduction of pressure was brought about over that required for forging comparable cups using as lubricant one which did not contain the magnesium metaborate.
  • a forging lubricant comprising a major proportion of mineral oil, from about 1 to about 5 percent of at least one lead component selected from the group consisting of lead, white lead, red lead, the oxides, glycerates and car bonates of lead, lead naphthenate and oil of lead, and from about 0.5 percent to about 10 percent of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of calcium molybdate and magnesium metaborate.

Abstract

ADDITION OF CALCIUM MOLYBDATE OR MAGNESIUM METABORATE TO LEAD-CONTAINING FORGING LUBRICANTS.

Description

United States Patent U.S. Cl. 252-30 1 Claim ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Addition of calcium molybdate or magnesium metaborate to lead-containing forging lubricants.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION (1) Field of the invention This invention relates to forging lubricants. More particularly, it relates to a forging lubricant capable of withstanding 800 F. or higher forging temperatures.
(2) Description of the prior art is particularly true where premium strength aluminum' forgings are produced and where the tools often reach the 800 F. and higher, e.g. when titanium stock is heated to 1500 F.-2000 F. prior to forging. Often an undesirable amount of aluminum pickup on the tools is encountered when prior art lead-containing forging lubricants are used. Also, particularly in forging cups, an undesirably high pressure is required when forging lubricants known to date are employed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION After extended investigation we have found that addition of calcium molybdate and/or magnesium metaborate to lead-containing forging lubricants provides a solution to the foregoing problems. We prefer to add from about 0.5 to about percent by weight calcium molybdate or magnesium metaborate to the lubricant. One or both of these additives may be used according to our invention, if desired. Calcium molybdate and magnesium metaborate are particularly useful when employed in a lead-based forging lubricant which also contains graphite. The lead may be present in almost any form, for example, oil of lead, lead naphthenate, or other forms such as covered by U.S. Pat. Nos. 485,688, 492,750, 494,433, 494,156, 520,498, 923,304 and 1,309,618 the disclosures of which as to inclusion of various forms of lead in lubricants are incorporated herein by reference thereto including specific reference to representative lead-containing substances including lead, white lead, red lead, the oxides, glycerates and carbonates of lead and the equivalents thereof. The preferred amount of calcium molybdate, magnesium metaborate, or both added according to our invention is from about 4 to about 6 percent by weight. The preferred dispersing agent, with additional lubricatin power, for the lead and other additives, as known for use in prior art forging lubricants, is an organic solvent dispersant such as mineral oil. The solvent or solvents usually make up at least about 50 percent 3,804,761 Patented Apr. 16, 1974 ice by weight of the lubricating composition. Our preferred forging lubricant contains from about 1 to about 5 percent by weight lead (measured as elemental lead), from about 1 to about 10 percent by weight graphite and from about 0.5 to about 10 percent by weight of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of calcium molybdate and magnesium metaborate.
The forging lubricant may be applied in the vicinity where the metal forged comes in contact with the die or other forging tool by brushing, spraying or the like.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The following examples are illustrative of the invention.
EXAMPLE 1 The following composition was employed as a forging lubricant in forging cups from aluminum, using 800 F. tools.
5.5 gallons of mineral oil, viscosity 2150 SSU at F.; 0.5 gallons of lead additive (lead naphthenate);
5 pounds of graphite; and
2.7 pounds calcium molybdate A 20 percent reduction of pressure required in forging cups was brought about by using this composition instead of one which did not contain the calcium molybdate.
EXAMPLE 2 Substantially the same composition as that of Example 1 was employed in forging aluminum cups at 800 F. except for use of magnesium metaborate in place of the calcium molybdate. A similar reduction of pressure was brought about over that required for forging comparable cups using as lubricant one which did not contain the magnesium metaborate.
In the preceding examples there was substantially no pickup of aluminum on the tools, and the lubricant residues were easier to clean from the tools where the calcium molybdate and magnesium metaborate were used in the lubricant.
While the invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, the claim appended hereto is intended to encompass all embodiments which fall within the spirit of the invention.
Having thus described our invention and certain embodiments thereof, we claim:
1. A forging lubricant comprising a major proportion of mineral oil, from about 1 to about 5 percent of at least one lead component selected from the group consisting of lead, white lead, red lead, the oxides, glycerates and car bonates of lead, lead naphthenate and oil of lead, and from about 0.5 percent to about 10 percent of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of calcium molybdate and magnesium metaborate.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,345,198 3/ 1944 Hodson 252-22 2,987,476 6/ 196 1 Hartley 252-18 3,453,209 7/1969 Sibcrt 252--25 PATRICK P, GARVIN, Primary Examiner A. H. METZ, Assistant Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R. 252-18, 23, 30
US00288278A 1972-09-12 1972-09-12 Forging lubricant Expired - Lifetime US3804761A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3962103A (en) * 1975-05-16 1976-06-08 Aluminum Company Of America Dry powder lubricant
US3983042A (en) * 1975-10-24 1976-09-28 Wyman-Gordon Company Water-based forging lubricant
US4013570A (en) * 1975-04-07 1977-03-22 General Motors Corporation Graphite and copper in hot forging liquid lubricant
US4287073A (en) * 1975-10-24 1981-09-01 Wyman-Gordon Company Water-based forging lubricant

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4013570A (en) * 1975-04-07 1977-03-22 General Motors Corporation Graphite and copper in hot forging liquid lubricant
US3962103A (en) * 1975-05-16 1976-06-08 Aluminum Company Of America Dry powder lubricant
US3983042A (en) * 1975-10-24 1976-09-28 Wyman-Gordon Company Water-based forging lubricant
US4287073A (en) * 1975-10-24 1981-09-01 Wyman-Gordon Company Water-based forging lubricant

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