WO1982000162A1 - Revetement composite electro-depose et procede de formation de celui-ci - Google Patents
Revetement composite electro-depose et procede de formation de celui-ci Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1982000162A1 WO1982000162A1 PCT/GB1981/000124 GB8100124W WO8200162A1 WO 1982000162 A1 WO1982000162 A1 WO 1982000162A1 GB 8100124 W GB8100124 W GB 8100124W WO 8200162 A1 WO8200162 A1 WO 8200162A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- aluminium
- oxide
- chromium
- containing substance
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010011416 Croup infectious Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009924 canning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium carbide Chemical compound [Cr]#C[Cr]C#[Cr] UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 201000010549 croup Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001234 light alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021652 non-ferrous alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
- C25D15/02—Combined electrolytic and electrophoretic processes with charged materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composite electrodeposited coating comprising a metal matrix electrodeposited from a plating bath, the matrix incorporating particles deposited simultaneously from the bath in which the particles are substantially insoluble.
- Such coatings may be deposited by an electrolytic or an electroless method.
- a composite electrodetcsitec coating is characterised inthat the part ⁇ cles containing substance, an aluminium-containing substance, and aluminium cxice anc/cr an oxide of a rare earth metal and/or an oxide of a metal from croup IV cf the Periodic Table of the Elements.
- the particles may comprise ture chromium powder and pure aluminium powder, or an alloy of chromium and aluminium in powder form, or an alloy of chromium and aluminium in powder form mixed with either both or one of pure aluminium or chromium, or one further possibility is to have a small quantity of a rare earth metal or a Group
- the metal matrix comprises nickel or cobalt and the coating may be used, to coat any suitable substrate for example steel, high temperature creep-resistan nickel alloys, non-ferrous and light alloys and non-metallic substances with an outer conductive layer.
- the oxide present in the coating may be an oxide of zirconium, titanium or hafnium, and preferably comprises "lime-stabilized" zirconia.
- the oxide may constitute from 0.01 to 5% of the coating, preferably about 2% by weight, and may be present in the size range 0 to l0 ⁇ .
- the chromium present in the coating may comprise up to 40% by weight of the coating, preferably comprising 10 to 20%, for example 15%.
- the aluminium present in the coating may comprise up to 25% by weight of the coating and preferably comprises 10 to 20%.
- the particles may be up to 10 ⁇ in diameter and preferably fall largely within the range cf 1 to 2 .
- a method cf forming a composite coating is characterisedin that the particles include, in combination a chromium-containing substance, an aluminium-containing substance, aluminium oxide and/or an oxide of a rare earth metal Table or the Elements After deposition the coating may be further heat treated, either in use or for example by being held at 1000oC for
- aluminium to form more oxide at the metal oxide interface may be formed more oxide at the metal oxide interface.
- both mechanisms are operating and fresh oxide is also formed within that already existing.
- a metal atom diffuses outwards through the oxide it may leave behind a vacancy.
- the vacancies would normally coalesce at the interface between the metal and oxide to form voids such that the oxide would only be attached to the parent metal at a few places.
- the oxide formed might have a greater volume than the original metal from which it had been formed and so a compressive stress would develop in the growing oxide layer.
- a problem which may arise if oxide spallation does not occur is that the oxide simply gets thicker as time goes on and the component gets veaker as the cross section of the metal descreses.
- One method by which these problems may be overcome is to reduce simultaneously the rates at which the oxygen and metal diffuse through the oxide and to provide a means by which the vacancies may be annihilated and so prevent void formation. It is in this way that the inclusion of the oxide particles, which are both thermodynamically stable and chemically stable in an oxidising atmosphere, may greatly improve the adhesion of the aluminium oxide to the matrix metal at the surface of the coating. It is
- the first of these is the "stress relief” mechanism in which the presence of oxide particles at the coating's surface provides “dead spots” over which the developing oxide film can grow laterally thereby relieving any stresses, in the film.
- the second ia the "vacancy sink” mechanism in which the vacancies left by aluminium atoms diffusing to the surface to react with oxygen are at least partially filled by oxide molecules so that the oxide particles undergo a reararrapgement to occupy the voids which effectively "diffuse” through the matrix.
- the third is simply a reduction in the diffusion coefficients through the growing surface oxide layer of either the metal ions or the oxygen atoms or both.
- a method of forming a composite coating is characterised in that the particles include, in combination, a chromium- containing substance, and aluminium oxide and/or an oxide of a rare earth metal and/or oxide of a metal from Group IV of the Periodic Table of the Elements , and by subsequently aluminising the coating.
- the particles also include an aluminium-containing substance and, preferably, the aluminising step comprises a pack-aluminising process.
- the material used may be aluminium powder, or a mixture of aluminium and aluminium oxide.
- the aluminium is in the form of an alloy with chromium.
- the pack-aluminising is carried out at a high temperature.
- the aluminium is believed to diffuse into the surface of the electrodeposited coating and thus form a bone.
- the coating may be subsequently heat treated, for example by being held at 1000°C for about 4 hours, or may be heat treated in use.
- the coating process may invlove an electrolytic or an electroless method and may be carried out using the apparatus and operating conditions described in the Applicants' British Patents Nos. 1 218 179, 1 224166, 1 329 081 and 1 347 184.
- the panel to be coated was given a pretreatment comprising immersion in a cyanide cleaner for two minutes followed by a water rinse, etching by immersion for 30 seconds in a 50% sulphuric acid followed by a water rinse, and a nickel strike by plating in a nickel bath for three minutes at a current density of 3.9 amps per square decimetre.
- the panel was secured in a plating barrel and connected to a cathode contact. 40 grams per litre of barrel capacity of lime-stabilised zirconia powder and 600 grams per litre of barrel capacity of chromium/aluminium alloy powder, both with a mean particle size of 2 to 5 ⁇ m, were added to the barrel and the opening in the barrel through which the panel to be coated and the powder were admitted was closed.
- the barrel was then completely submerged in the solution in the tank and was rotated at three revolutions per minute while composite plating took place at a voltage of between 2.5 and 3 volts with a current density of approximately 2.7 amps per square decimetre.
- the solution temperature was maintained at 50°C and the solution had a pH of between 4.5 and 5.
- plating was stopped.
- the panel was then held at 1000°C for 4 hours, cooled and examined. It was found that the panel had been given a tenacious coating having an even distribution of particles.
- the coating had a particle content of approximately 2% by volume of zirconia and 30% by volume of chromium/aluminium alloy.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE8181901799T DE3173058D1 (en) | 1980-07-02 | 1981-07-02 | Composite electrodeposited coating and method of forming the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8021614800702 | 1980-07-02 | ||
GB8021614A GB2083076B (en) | 1980-07-02 | 1980-07-02 | Composite electrodeposited coating and a method of forming such a coating |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO1982000162A1 true WO1982000162A1 (fr) | 1982-01-21 |
Family
ID=10514464
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB1981/000124 WO1982000162A1 (fr) | 1980-07-02 | 1981-07-02 | Revetement composite electro-depose et procede de formation de celui-ci |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0055272B1 (fr) |
JP (2) | JPS643960B2 (fr) |
BE (1) | BE889491A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA1176596A (fr) |
GB (1) | GB2083076B (fr) |
IT (1) | IT1171356B (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1982000162A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2615871A1 (fr) * | 1987-05-26 | 1988-12-02 | Snecma | Pieces de turbomachine en superalliage comportant un revetement protecteur metalloceramique |
EP2851455A1 (fr) * | 2013-09-18 | 2015-03-25 | MTU Aero Engines GmbH | Revêtement anti-usure fabriqué par procédé galvanique et son procédé de fabrication |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3535548C2 (de) * | 1984-10-05 | 1999-03-04 | Baj Coatings Ltd | Beschichteter Gegenstand und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Beschichtung eines Gegenstandes |
GB2167446B (en) * | 1984-10-05 | 1988-05-05 | Baj Ltd | Electrode deposited composite coating |
DE10251902B4 (de) * | 2002-11-07 | 2009-05-07 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zum Beschichten eines Substrats und beschichteter Gegenstand |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3057048A (en) * | 1958-11-06 | 1962-10-09 | Horizons Inc | Protection of niobium |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5278718A (en) * | 1975-12-26 | 1977-07-02 | Seiko Instr & Electronics | Component parts |
JPS5929119B2 (ja) * | 1976-10-12 | 1984-07-18 | スズキ株式会社 | 多層複合メツキ層 |
CH599352A5 (fr) * | 1976-10-15 | 1978-05-31 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie |
-
1980
- 1980-07-02 GB GB8021614A patent/GB2083076B/en not_active Expired
-
1981
- 1981-07-02 JP JP56502220A patent/JPS643960B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1981-07-02 WO PCT/GB1981/000124 patent/WO1982000162A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1981-07-02 EP EP81901799A patent/EP0055272B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1981-07-02 IT IT48809/81A patent/IT1171356B/it active
- 1981-07-02 BE BE0/205298A patent/BE889491A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-07-02 CA CA000381000A patent/CA1176596A/fr not_active Expired
-
1988
- 1988-06-01 JP JP63135397A patent/JPH01212800A/ja active Granted
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3057048A (en) * | 1958-11-06 | 1962-10-09 | Horizons Inc | Protection of niobium |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2615871A1 (fr) * | 1987-05-26 | 1988-12-02 | Snecma | Pieces de turbomachine en superalliage comportant un revetement protecteur metalloceramique |
EP0295975A1 (fr) * | 1987-05-26 | 1988-12-21 | Societe Nationale D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation "Snecma" | Pièces de machine thermique en alliage comportant un revêtement protecteur métallocéramique |
US5057379A (en) * | 1987-05-26 | 1991-10-15 | Societe Nationale D'etude Et De Construction De Moteurs D'aviation "S.N.E.C.M.A." | Heat engine parts made of alloy and having a metallic-ceramic protective coating and method of forming said coating |
EP2851455A1 (fr) * | 2013-09-18 | 2015-03-25 | MTU Aero Engines GmbH | Revêtement anti-usure fabriqué par procédé galvanique et son procédé de fabrication |
US10428437B2 (en) | 2013-09-18 | 2019-10-01 | MTU Aero Engines AG | Wear-resistant coating produced by electrodeposition and process therefor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0055272B1 (fr) | 1985-11-27 |
BE889491A (fr) | 1982-01-04 |
GB2083076B (en) | 1984-06-13 |
JPH01212800A (ja) | 1989-08-25 |
JPH0260760B2 (fr) | 1990-12-18 |
JPS57500882A (fr) | 1982-05-20 |
CA1176596A (fr) | 1984-10-23 |
JPS643960B2 (fr) | 1989-01-24 |
IT8148809A0 (it) | 1981-07-02 |
IT1171356B (it) | 1987-06-10 |
GB2083076A (en) | 1982-03-17 |
EP0055272A1 (fr) | 1982-07-07 |
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