Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
  • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
  • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
  • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
  • E02B3/129—Polyhedrons, tetrapods or similar bodies, whether or not threaded on strings
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
  • Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters

Definitions

• the invention relates to an artificial shell block for structures for protecting maritime and river works against waves and currents.
• the characteristics sought in terms of artificial blocks must meet two objectives considered essential, namely: stability and robustness. However, it is generally recognized that one plays at the expense of the other.
• Stability depends on the ability of the blocks on the one hand to hang on the underlying slopes of the works to be protected and on the other hand to assemble them thanks to their particular shape by constituting a protective shell which leaves sufficient empty spaces to absorb the hydraulic energy to which the structure is subjected.
• This stability therefore results from a certain number of parameters among which we will retain: the amplitude of the waves, the specific mass of the concrete of the blocks and that of the water in which the structure is built, the slope of the shell, the breaking waves and finally a coefficient representative of the qualities specific to the shape and behavior of the block.
• the shape of these blocks is such that the formwork they imply makes their manufacture difficult, in particular by the need to move the blocks when they are stripped.
• the invention aims to develop artificial blocks whose shapes allow to combine the qualities of stability and robustness, while allowing an easy manufacturing process on a prefabricated slab or directly on a storage area, l formwork aid requiring no subsequent manipulation of the blocks for their formwork after hardening of the concrete.
• the subject of the invention is a shell block for the protection structures of maritime and river works, characterized in that it is constituted by a central core of substantially cubic shape having on the one hand two opposite lateral faces each provided, an anvil-shaped side tab, the tables of said anvils being arranged parallel to each other and to said opposite lateral faces, the inclined faces of said anvils resting on the apparent and opposite lateral faces of the core, and on the other hand two front faces each provided with a front leg in trunk of a pyramid with four faces, two of these opposite faces resting, overlapping on the sides of the anvils and the other two opposite faces having their base at least in part in common with one side of the apparent adjacent side of the nucleus.
• the corner angles of the legs are chamfered.
• the ends of the sides of the anvil can be truncated
• the tables of the lateral legs can include in the median a transverse recess.
• the spacing between the ends of the lateral legs is substantially equal to 1.5 times the height of the central core
• the length of the lateral legs is substantially equal to three times that of the height of the central core
• the width of the lateral legs is equal to the height of the central core
• the height of the front legs is substantially equal to that of the height of the central core.
• the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a block characterized in that it is produced by a formwork comprising openings corresponding to the tables of the lateral legs, one of said openings resting on a prefabricated slab, the another used for filling and then vibrating the concrete in the formwork.
• the formwork is then produced by an assembly of two half-shells symmetrical with respect to the median longitudinal plane of the lateral legs; each half-shell has two elements symmetrical with respect to the median transverse plane of the lateral and front legs and assembled together.
• Figure 1 is a perspective view of an artificial block according to the invention.
• FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a formwork of the block according to FIG. 1.
• Figure 3 is a perspective view of an alternative block according to the invention.
• Figure 4 is a perspective view of another alternative block according to the invention.
• FIG. 1 there is shown an artificial block comprising a central core 1 substantially cubic, having two opposite side faces 12 provided with side tabs 2, two opposite front faces 13 provided with front tabs 3 and two side faces 11 opposite and visible.
• the lateral tabs 2 have the shape of an anvil having tables 20 which are parallel to each other and to the lateral faces 12, sides 21 and inclined faces 22 bearing on the adjoining visible faces 11.
• the front legs 3 have the shape of a truncated pyramid with four lateral faces 31 and 32 opposite two by two.
• the faces 31 are supported in overlap on the sides 21 of the adjoining lateral legs 2, while the faces 32 have their base common with the side of the adjoining visible face 11, the ends of this base beyond the visible face 11 resting in overlap on the adjoining sides 21 of the lateral tabs 2 to join the base of the lateral faces 31 of the front tab 3.
• the dimensioning of the block has the following characteristics.
• the distance between the ends of the lateral legs is given a value substantially equal to 1.5 times that of the height of the core central 1.
• the length of the lateral legs 2, that is to say that corresponding to the tables 20, is substantially equal to three times that of the height of the central core 1.
• the width of the lateral legs is equal to the height of the core central.
• the height of the front legs 3 is substantially equal to the height of the central core.
• Such a block is easily manufactured by pouring concrete into a formwork such as that shown in FIG. 2.
• the formwork 4 is constituted by the assembly of half-shells 41 symmetrical with respect to the median longitudinal plane of the lateral legs 2.
• Each of the half-shells 41 is itself constituted by the assembly of two half-shells 42 symmetrical with respect to the median transverse plane of the lateral tabs 2.
• the formwork 4 which corresponds to the size of the block to be manufactured has an upper opening 44 and a lower opening 43 corresponding to the tables 20 of the side legs 2. It also has on the formwork elements, corresponding to the inclined faces 22 of the lower side legs of the block , windows 45 and on the shuttering elements, corresponding to the upper pyramidal faces 31 of the front legs 3, windows 46.
• the procedure is as follows.
• the mold 4 with its constituent parts 41 and 42 is assembled, so as to rest the lower opening 43 on a prefabrication area directly or with the interposition of a sheet of kraft paper or of polyane.
• the concrete is poured through the upper opening 44 first to the level of the windows 45 through which a pervibration needle is introduced, then to the level of the windows 46 through which a pervibration needle is again introduced and finally up to the upper opening 44 through which the pervibration needle is last introduced.
• it is then possible to dismantle the constituent elements of the formwork and recover them for the manufacture of another block, this without having to move the block which has just be poured and which can remain in storage position on site.
• props such as 5 between the ground and the parts overhanging the formwork which corresponds to the underside 31 of the front legs.
• props 6 between the formwork parts which correspond to the inclined faces 22 of the lateral legs 2.
• the particular shape obtained from the block according to the invention allows it to be hooked with neighboring blocks, whatever its position.
• Such blocks can be arranged in bulk or stowed, and in one or more layers.
• the blocks of the same layer overlap each other to then form a solid shell with a regular or non-regular structure, which reserves suitable empty spaces in order to avoid the action of under-pressures.
• the external surface of a layer of blocks is sufficiently rough and irregular to allow a bonding of the following layer and to ensure a good absorption of the energy of the sea or the currents.
• the attachment of the blocks to each other can be further improved by providing a transverse recess 23 in the middle part of the tables 20 of the lateral legs, as shown in dotted lines in FIG. 1.
• the inclined faces 22 of the lateral legs 2 have at their base a slight overlap 7 on the adjacent side face 11 of the cubic core 1.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Revetment (AREA)
• Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=9221970

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (18)

Families Citing this family (29)

Citations (7)

Family Cites Families (6)

• 1979
  • 1979-02-14 FR FR7903774A patent/FR2449164A1/fr active Granted
• 1980
  • 1980-01-31 WO PCT/FR1980/000013 patent/WO1980001699A1/fr unknown
  • 1980-02-01 MA MA18917A patent/MA18720A1/fr unknown
  • 1980-02-04 CY CY1300A patent/CY1300A/xx unknown
  • 1980-02-04 GB GB8003708A patent/GB2042032B/en not_active Expired
  • 1980-02-07 DE DE3004465A patent/DE3004465C2/de not_active Expired
  • 1980-02-12 US US06/120,796 patent/US4347017A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1980-02-12 CA CA000345547A patent/CA1153900A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1980-02-12 GR GR61190A patent/GR74108B/el unknown
  • 1980-02-13 ES ES488536A patent/ES488536A1/es not_active Expired
  • 1980-02-13 PT PT70828A patent/PT70828A/pt active IP Right Revival
  • 1980-02-13 IT IT67214/80A patent/IT1128225B/it active
  • 1980-02-13 AU AU55504/80A patent/AU532472B2/en not_active Expired
  • 1980-02-13 BR BR8000858A patent/BR8000858A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1980-02-14 JP JP55016102A patent/JPS6013083B2/ja not_active Expired
  • 1980-02-14 OA OA57026A patent/OA06466A/xx unknown
• 1986
  • 1986-04-24 JP JP61095831A patent/JPS61257516A/ja active Pending
  • 1986-12-18 HK HK983/86A patent/HK98386A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1986-12-30 MY MY91/86A patent/MY8600091A/xx unknown

Patent Citations (7)

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