USRE45108E1 - Quinolone compound and pharmaceutical composition - Google Patents

Quinolone compound and pharmaceutical composition Download PDF

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Publication number
USRE45108E1
USRE45108E1 US14/038,862 US200914038862A USRE45108E US RE45108 E1 USRE45108 E1 US RE45108E1 US 200914038862 A US200914038862 A US 200914038862A US RE45108 E USRE45108 E US RE45108E
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alkyl
group
optionally
alkoxy
hydroxy
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Kenji Otsubo
Takahito Yamauchi
Yuji Ochi
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Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
    • C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D491/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/553—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/576—Six-membered rings
    • C07F9/60—Quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/6558—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing at least two different or differently substituted hetero rings neither condensed among themselves nor condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system
    • C07F9/65583—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing at least two different or differently substituted hetero rings neither condensed among themselves nor condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system each of the hetero rings containing nitrogen as ring hetero atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/6561—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom containing systems of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring or ring system, with or without other non-condensed hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H19/00—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof
    • C07H19/02—Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing one ring hetero atom with a saccharide radical; Nucleosides; Mononucleotides; Anhydro-derivatives thereof sharing nitrogen
    • C07H19/04—Heterocyclic radicals containing only nitrogen atoms as ring hetero atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
    • C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D215/18—Halogen atoms or nitro radicals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to quinolone compounds and pharmaceutical compositions.
  • Parkinson's disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disease that generally develops after middle age.
  • Initial symptoms include unilateral resting tremor, akinesia and rigidity.
  • the tremors, akinesia, and rigidity are called the three major signs of Parkinson's disease, and each of them is caused by the selective death of dopaminergic neurons projected from the substantia nigra to the striatum.
  • the etiology of the disease is still unknown; however, accumulated evidence suggests that an impaired energy-generating system accompanied by abnormal mitochondrial function of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons triggers the neurodegenerative disorder of the disease.
  • the mitochondrial dysfunction has been assumed to subsequently cause oxidative stress and failure of calcium homeostasis, thereby resulting in neurodegeneration (Non-Patent Document 1).
  • Parkinson's disease Treatments of Parkinson's disease are roughly classified into medical management (medication) and surgical management (stereotaxic operation). Of these, medication is an established therapy and regarded as a basic treatment. In the medication, a symptomatic therapeutic agent is used to compensate for the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuronal function denatured by Parkinson's disease. L-dopa exhibits the most remarkable therapeutic effects. It is said that no agent exceeds the effectiveness of L-dopa. Currently, L-dopa is used together with a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor to prevent the metabolism thereof in the periphery, and the desired clinical effects have been obtained.
  • L-dopa treatment has drawbacks in that, after several years of usage, there is a recurrence of movement disorders such as dyskinesia, and the sustainability and stability of the drug's effects are lost, resulting in fluctuations within each day.
  • side effects including digestive problems such as nausea and vomiting brought on by excessive release of dopamine, circulatory organ problems such as orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia and arrhythmia, and neurological manifestations such as hallucination, delusion and distraction have been a cause for concern.
  • multidrug therapies in which dopamine receptor agonists, dopamine metabolism enzyme inhibitors, dopamine releasers, central anticholinergic agents and the like are used in combination, are employed. While such therapeutic advances remarkably improve prognoses, there is still no fundamental cure for Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Medication must be taken for the rest of the patient's life, and the aforementioned drawbacks, i.e., decreased efficacy during long-term administration, side effects, and uncontrollable disease progression, can result from L-dopa monotherapy. In addition, it is difficult to expect dramatic effects, even with the employment of multidrug therapies.
  • Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects various cognitive functions, primarily causing impairment of memory. Pathologically, Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the degeneration of synapses or neurons in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, and the accumulation of two types of abnormal fibrils, i.e., senile plaques and changes in neurofibrils. Although the disease etiology is not completely understood, amyloid ⁇ protein (A ⁇ ), which is derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP) by various mechanisms, is known to play an important role.
  • a ⁇ amyloid ⁇ protein
  • APP amyloid precursor protein
  • cholinesterase inhibitors tacrine, Aricept, rivastigmine, and galantamine
  • acetylcholinergic nervous system in the brain is involved in cognitive function, and marked deficits in the acetylcholinergic system are observed in Alzheimer's disease.
  • N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor antagonists memantine
  • memantine are also in practical use because hyperexcitability of the mechanism of glutamate neurotransmission is associated with neural degeneration or impairment.
  • monotherapy nor combination therapy using these drugs has produced sufficient therapeutic effects, nor are they capable of halting the progression of the disease.
  • gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and diarrhea are observed as side effects of cholinesterase.
  • ischemic neurodegenerative disorders induced by cerebral infarctions such as atherothrombotic cerebral infarction, lacunar infarction, cardiogenic cerebral embolism, etc.
  • tissue plasminogen activator tPA
  • This therapy has many problems including a window as short as within three hours after the onset of disease, hemorrhagic complications, etc.
  • a free radical scavenger edaravone
  • edaravone is used for a brain protection therapy.
  • edaravone can be used concomitantly with tPA, sufficient clinical results have not been obtained.
  • NPL 1 Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 991: 111-119 (2003)
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a novel compound that inhibits the chronic progression of Parkinson's disease or protects dopamine neurons from the disease itself, thereby suppressing the progression of neurological dysfunction, so as to prolong the period of time until L-dopa is administered while also improving neuronal function.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an agent that is useful in treating diseases that induce cell death, and more specifically, to provide an agent having efficacy for treating Alzheimer's disease, or improving dysfunction or neurologic deficits induced by cerebral apoplexy.
  • the present inventors conducted extensive research to accomplish the aforementioned object. Consequently, they succeeded in producing a compound represented by Formula (1) shown below, which protects and improves mitochondrial function, and/or protects neurons and repairs neuronal function.
  • the present invention has been accomplished based on the above findings.
  • the invention provides a quinolone compound, a process for producing the same, and a pharmaceutical composition as set forth in the following Items 1 to 23.
  • R 1 represents: (1) hydrogen, (2) lower alkyl, (3) halogen-substituted lower alkyl, (4) lower alkenyl, (5) lower alkanoyl, (6) halogen-substituted lower alkanoyl, (7) hydroxy lower alkyl, (8) protected hydroxy lower alkyl, (9) hydroxy lower alkanoyl, (10) protected hydroxy lower alkanoyl, (11) lower alkylthio lower alkyl, (12) amino lower alkylthio lower alkyl optionally having one or more lower alkyl groups, (13) hydroxy lower alkylthio lower alkyl, (14) carboxy lower alkylthio lower alkyl, (15) lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkylthio lower alkyl, (16) amino lower alkylthiocarbonyl lower alkyl optionally having one or more lower alkyl groups, (17) hydroxy lower alkylsulfonyl lower alkyl, (18) carboxy lower alkyl
  • R 2 represents:
  • carbamoyl optionally having one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl; halogen-substituted lower alkyl; hydroxy lower alkyl; piperazinyl lower alkyl optionally having one or more lower alkyl groups; and morpholinyl lower alkyl, (8) carbamoyl lower alkyl optionally having one or more lower alkyl groups, (9) morpholinyl lower alkyl, (10) piperazinyl lower alkyl optionally having one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl and pyridyl optionally having one or more lower alkyl groups, (11) diazepanyl lower alkyl, (12) amino lower alkyl optionally having one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, halogen-substituted lower alkyl, hydroxy lower alkyl, and morpholinyl lower alkyl, (13) lower alkoxycarbonyl lower alkyl, or (1
  • R 3 represents phenyl, thienyl, furyl, pyrazolyl, or pyrimidinyl, wherein:
  • the aromatic or heterocyclic ring represented by R 3 may be substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of the following substituents (1) to (14):
  • R 4 represents halogen, lower alkyl, or lower alkoxy
  • R 5 represents hydrogen or halogen
  • R 4 and R 5 may be linked to form a group represented by any of the following formulae:
  • R 6 represents hydrogen or lower alkoxy
  • R 7 represents any of the following groups (1) to (11):
  • R 6 and R 7 may be linked to form a group represented by any of the following formulae:
  • Item 2 A quinolone compound of General Formula (1) or a salt thereof according to Item 1, wherein:
  • R 4 and R 5 may be linked to form a group represented by any of the following formulae:
  • R 1 represents:
  • amino lower alkylthio lower alkyl optionally having, on the amino group, two lower alkyl groups,
  • amino lower alkylthiocarbonyl lower alkyl optionally having, on the amino group, two lower alkyl groups,
  • piperazyl lower alkyl optionally having, on the piperazine ring, one substituent selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxy lower alkyl, and pyridyl,
  • amino lower alkanoyloxy lower alkyl optionally having, on the amino group, one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl and lower alkoxycarbonyl,
  • carbamoyl lower alkyl optionally having, on the carbamoyl group, one substituent selected from lower alkyl; morpholinyl lower alkyl; piperidyl optionally having one substituent selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl and lower alkoxycarbonyl; and piperazinyl lower alkyl optionally having one lower alkyl group, (36) phosphonooxy lower alkyl optionally having one or two lower alkyl groups on the phosphonooxy group, (37) phosphonooxy lower alkanoyloxy lower alkyl optionally having one or two lower alkyl groups on the phosphonooxy group, (38) benzoyloxy lower alkyl optionally having, on the benzene ring, one substituent selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, benzyloxy, and phosphonooxy optionally having one or two lower alkyl groups, (39) tetrahydropyranyl optionally having three hydroxy groups and one hydroxy lower alkyl group, or (40
  • R 2 represents:
  • carbamoyl optionally having one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl; halogen-substituted lower alkyl; hydroxy lower alkyl; piperazinyl lower alkyl optionally having one lower alkyl group on the piperazine ring; and morpholinyl lower alkyl, (8) carbamoyl lower alkyl optionally having one lower alkyl group on the carbamoyl group, (9) morpholinyl lower alkyl, (10) piperazinyl lower alkyl optionally having, on the piperazine ring, one substituent selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl and pyridyl optionally having one lower alkyl group, (11) diazepanyl lower alkyl, or (12) amino lower alkyl optionally having, on the amino group, one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, halogen-substituted lower alkyl, hydroxy lower alkyl, and morpholinyl
  • R 3 represents phenyl, thienyl, furyl, pyrazolyl, or pyrimidinyl, wherein:
  • the aromatic or heterocyclic ring represented by R 3 may be substituted with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of the following substituents (1) to (14):
  • R 6 represents hydrogen or lower alkoxy
  • R 7 represents any of the following groups (1) to (11):
  • carbamoyl lower alkoxy optionally having, on the carbamoyl group, one substituent selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl and morpholinyl lower alkyl,
  • R 2 represents:
  • R 3 represents phenyl, thienyl, or furyl, wherein:
  • the aromatic or heterocyclic ring represented by R 3 may be substituted with one lower alkoxy group
  • R 6 represents hydrogen
  • R 7 represents lower alkoxy.
  • R 6 and R 7 may be linked to form a group represented by any of the following formulae:
  • R 1 represents:
  • R 2 represents hydrogen
  • R 3 represents phenyl wherein the aromatic or heterocyclic ring represented by R 3 may be substituted with one lower alkoxy group
  • R 4 represents lower alkyl, or lower alkoxy
  • R 5 represents hydrogen
  • Item 7 A quinolone compound of General Formula (1) or a salt thereof according to Item 1, wherein
  • R 1 represents:
  • piperazyl lower alkyl optionally having, on the piperazine ring, one substituent selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxy lower alkyl, and pyridyl,
  • (33) isoindolinyl lower alkyl optionally having one or two oxo groups
  • amino lower alkanoyloxy lower alkyl optionally having one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl and lower alkoxycarbonyl,
  • R 2 represents:
  • carbamoyl optionally having one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl; halogen-substituted lower alkyl; hydroxy lower alkyl; piperazinyl lower alkyl optionally having one lower alkyl group on the piperazine ring; and morpholinyl lower alkyl, (8) carbamoyl lower alkyl optionally having one lower alkyl group on the carbamoyl group, (9) morpholinyl lower alkyl, (10) piperazinyl lower alkyl optionally having, on the piperazine ring, one substituent selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl and pyridyl optionally having one lower alkyl group, (11) diazepanyl lower alkyl, or (12) amino lower alkyl optionally having, on the amino group, one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, halogen-substituted lower alkyl, hydroxy lower alkyl, and morpholinyl
  • R 3 represents phenyl, thienyl, furyl, pyrazolyl, or pyrimidinyl, wherein:
  • the aromatic or heterocyclic ring represented by R 3 may be substituted with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of the following substituents (1) to (14):
  • R 4 represents halogen, lower alkyl, or lower alkoxy
  • R 5 represents hydrogen or halogen
  • R 6 represents hydrogen or lower alkoxy
  • R 7 represents any of the following groups (1) to (11):
  • Item 8 A quinolone compound of General Formula (1) or a salt thereof according to Item 7, wherein
  • R 1 represents:
  • piperazyl lower alkyl optionally having, on the piperazine ring, one substituent selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxy lower alkyl, and pyridyl,
  • (33) isoindolinyl lower alkyl optionally having one or two oxo groups
  • amino lower alkanoyloxy lower alkyl optionally having one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl and lower alkoxycarbonyl,
  • R 2 represents hydrogen
  • R 3 represents phenyl, pyrazolyl, or pyrimidinyl, wherein:
  • the aromatic or heterocyclic ring represented by R 3 may be substituted with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of the following substituents (1), (2), (4), (5), (7), (8), (10), (11), and (12):
  • R 4 represents halogen
  • R 5 represents hydrogen or halogen
  • R 6 represents hydrogen
  • R 7 represents any of the following groups (2), (7), (8) and (11):
  • Item 9 A quinolone compound of General Formula (1) or a salt thereof according to Item 1, wherein
  • R 1 represents:
  • R 2 represents:
  • carbamoyl optionally having one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl; halogen-substituted lower alkyl; hydroxy lower alkyl; piperazinyl lower alkyl optionally having one lower alkyl group; and morpholinyl lower alkyl,
  • amino lower alkyl optionally having one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, halogen-substituted lower alkyl, hydroxy lower alkyl, and morpholinyl lower alkyl,
  • R 3 represents phenyl, thienyl, furyl, pyrazolyl, or pyrimidinyl, wherein:
  • the aromatic or heterocyclic ring represented by R 3 may be substituted with one substituent selected from the group consisting of the following substituents (1) to (14):
  • R 4 represents halogen, lower alkyl, or lower alkoxy
  • R 5 represents hydrogen or halogen
  • R 6 represents hydrogen or lower alkoxy
  • R 7 represents any of the following groups (1) to (11):
  • Item 10 A quinolone compound of General Formula (1) or a salt thereof according to Item 9, wherein
  • R 1 represents hydrogen
  • R 2 represents:
  • carbamoyl optionally having one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl; halogen-substituted lower alkyl; hydroxy lower alkyl; piperazinyl lower alkyl optionally having one lower alkyl group; and morpholinyl lower alkyl,
  • amino lower alkyl optionally having one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, halogen-substituted lower alkyl, hydroxy lower alkyl, and morpholinyl lower alkyl, or
  • R 3 represents phenyl, wherein:
  • R 4 represents halogen
  • R 5 represents hydrogen
  • R 6 represents hydrogen
  • R 7 represents lower alkoxy.
  • R 1 represents:
  • R 2 represents hydrogen
  • R 3 represents phenyl, thienyl, furyl, pyrazolyl, or pyrimidinyl, wherein:
  • the aromatic or heterocyclic ring represented by R 3 may be substituted with one substituent selected from the group consisting of the following substituents (7), (8), (9), (10), (12), (13) and (14):
  • R 4 represents halogen, lower alkyl, or lower alkoxy
  • R 5 represents hydrogen or halogen
  • R 6 represents hydrogen or lower alkoxy
  • R 7 represents any of the following groups (1) to (11):
  • R 1 represents hydrogen
  • R 3 represents phenyl, wherein:
  • the phenyl represented by R 3 may be substituted with one substituent selected from the group consisting of the following substituents (7) to (14):
  • R 4 represents halogen
  • R 5 represents hydrogen
  • R 6 represents hydrogen
  • R 7 represents any of the following groups (2) and (11):
  • R 1 represents:
  • R 2 represents hydrogen
  • R 3 represents phenyl, wherein:
  • R 4 represents halogen, lower alkyl, or lower alkoxy
  • R 5 represents hydrogen or halogen
  • R 6 represents hydrogen or lower alkoxy
  • R 7 represents any of the following groups (4), (6), (9) and (10):
  • R 1 represents hydrogen
  • R 3 represents phenyl, wherein:
  • the phenyl represented by R 3 may be substituted with one lower alkoxy
  • R 4 represents halogen
  • R 5 represents hydrogen
  • R 6 represents hydrogen
  • R 7 represents any of the following groups (4), (6), (9), (10) and (11):
  • Item 15 A pharmaceutical composition comprising a quinolone compound of General Formula (1) of any one of Items 1 to 14 or a salt thereof as an active ingredient; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • a prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases, diseases induced by neurological dysfunction, or diseases induced by deterioration of mitochondrial function comprising as an active ingredient a quinolone compound of General Formula (1) of any one of Items 1 to 14 or a salt thereof.
  • a prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent according to Item 16 wherein the neurodegenerative disease is selected from the group consisting of Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's syndrome, juvenile parkinsonism, striatonigral degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, pure akinesia, Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, prion disease, corticobasal degeneration, diffuse Lewy body disease, Huntington's disease, chorea-acanthocytosis, benign hereditary chorea, paroxysmal choreoathetosis, essential tremor, essential myoclonus, Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, Rett's syndrome, degenerative ballism, dystonia musculorum deformance, athetosis, spasmodic torticollis, Meige syndrome, cerebral palsy, Wilson's disease, Segawa's disease, Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome, neuroaxonal dystrophy, pallidal atrophy, spino-cerebellar degeneration
  • Item 18 A prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent according to Item 16, wherein the disease induced by neurological dysfunction is selected from the group consisting of spinal cord injury, chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, radiation damage, and a demyelinating disease selected from the group consisting of multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, transverse myelitis, progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and Guillain-Barre syndrome.
  • a prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent comprising as an active ingredient the compound of any one of Items 1 to 14 or a salt thereof, the prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent being used for treating or preventing ischemic heart diseases and/or associated dysfunction, cardiac failure, myocardosis, aortic dissection, immunodeficiency, autoimmune diseases, pancreatic insufficiency, diabetes, atheroembolic renal disease, polycytic kidney, medullary cystic disease, renal cortical necrosis, malignant nephrosclerosis, renal failure, hepatic encephalopathy, liver failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary embolism, bronchiectasis, silicosis, black lung, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, muscular dystrophy, clostridial muscle necrosis, and femoral condyle necrosis.
  • Item 21 Use of a quinolone compound of General Formula (1) of any one of Item 1 to 20 or a salt thereof as a drug.
  • Item 22 A method for treating or preventing neurodegenerative diseases, diseases induced by neurological dysfunction, or diseases induced by deterioration of mitochondrial function, comprising administering a quinolone compound of General Formula (1) of Item 1 or a salt thereof to a human or an animal.
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are as defined in Item 1, and R 1 ′ is a group represented by R 1 as defined in Item 1 other than hydrogen, or a salt thereof; the process comprising reacting a compound represented by the formula: R 1 ′—X 2 wherein X 2 represents a group that undergoes the same substitution reaction as that of a halogen or a halogen atom, with a compound represented by the formula:
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are as defined in Item 1.
  • a further embodiment of the quinolone compound represented by Formula (1) is as follows:
  • R 1 represents:
  • amino lower alkylthio lower alkyl optionally having, on the amino group, one or two, and preferably two, lower alkyl groups;
  • amino lower alkylthiocarbonyl lower alkyl optionally having, on the amino group, one or two, and preferably two, lower alkyl groups,
  • piperazyl lower alkyl optionally having, on the piperazine ring, one substituent selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, lower alkoxy lower alkyl, and pyridyl,
  • amino lower alkanoyloxy lower alkyl optionally having, on the amino group, one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl and lower alkoxycarbonyl,
  • carbamoyl lower alkyl optionally having, on the carbamoyl group, one or two substituents selected from lower alkyl; morpholinyl lower alkyl; piperidyl optionally having one substituent selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl and lower alkoxycarbonyl; and piperazinyl lower alkyl optionally having one lower alkyl group, (36) phosphonooxy lower alkyl optionally having one or two lower alkyl groups on the phosphonooxy group, (37) phosphonooxy lower alkanoyloxy lower alkyl optionally having one or two lower alkyl groups on the phosphonooxy group, (38) benzoyloxy lower alkyl optionally having, on the benzene ring, one substituent selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, protected hydroxy, and phosphonooxy optionally having one or two lower alkyl groups, (39) tetrahydropyranyl optionally having one to four, and preferably four, substituents selected from the group
  • R 2 represents:
  • carbamoyl optionally having one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl; halogen-substituted lower alkyl; hydroxy lower alkyl; piperazinyl lower alkyl optionally having one lower alkyl group on the piperazine ring; and morpholinyl lower alkyl, (8) carbamoyl lower alkyl optionally having one lower alkyl group on the carbamoyl group, (9) morpholinyl lower alkyl, (10) piperazinyl lower alkyl optionally having, on the piperazine ring, one substituent selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl and pyridyl optionally having one lower alkyl group, (11) diazepanyl lower alkyl, or (12) amino lower alkyl optionally having, on the amino group, one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl, halogen-substituted lower alkyl, hydroxy lower alkyl, and morpholinyl
  • R 3 represents phenyl, thienyl, furyl, pyrazolyl, or pyrimidinyl, wherein:
  • the aromatic or heterocyclic ring represented by R 3 may be substituted with one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of the following substituents (1) to (14):
  • R 4 represents halogen, lower alkyl, or lower alkoxy
  • R 5 represents hydrogen or halogen
  • R 4 and R 5 may be linked to form a group represented by any of the following formulae:
  • R 6 represents hydrogen or lower alkoxy
  • R 7 represents any of the following groups (1) to (11):
  • carbamoyl lower alkoxy optionally having, on the carbamoyl group, one substituent selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl and morpholinyl lower alkyl,
  • R 6 and R 7 may be linked to form a group represented by any of the following formulae:
  • lower refers to a group having 1 to 6 carbons (preferably 1 to 4 carbons) unless otherwise specified.
  • lower alkyl groups include straight or branched C 1-6 (preferably C 1-4 ) alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, 1-ethylpropyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, iso-hexyl, 3-methylpentyl, etc.
  • C 1-6 preferably C 1-4 alkyl groups
  • alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, 1-ethylpropyl, isopentyl,
  • lower alkenyl groups include straight or branched C 2-6 alkenyl groups with 1-3 double bonds, including both trans and cis forms. Examples thereof include vinyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-methyl-1-propenyl, 2-methyl -1-propenyl, 2-methyl-2-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 2-butenyl, 1-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 1-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, 1,3-pentadienyl, 2-penten-4-yl, 2-hexenyl, 1-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-propenyl, 2-ethyl-1-propenyl, 1,3,5-hexatrienyl, 1,3-hexadienyl, 1,4-hexadienyl, etc.
  • C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, etc.
  • the C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl moieties of the C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyloxy groups are as described above.
  • C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyl group(s) described above.
  • lower alkoxy groups include straight or branched C 1-6 (preferably C 1-4 ) alkoxy groups such as methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, tert-butoxy, sec-butoxy, n-pentyloxy, isopentyloxy, neopentyloxy, n-hexyloxy, isohexyloxy, 3-methylpentyloxy, etc.
  • lower alkoxy lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) lower alkoxy group(s) described above.
  • halogen atoms include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
  • halogen-substituted lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to seven halogen atom(s), preferably one to three halogen atom(s).
  • Examples thereof include fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, chloromethyl, dichloromethyl, trichloromethyl, bromomethyl, dibromomethyl, dichlorofluoromethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, pentafluoroethyl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2-bromoethyl, 2-chloroethyl, 3-bromopropyl, 3-chloropropyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, heptafluoropropyl, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl, heptafluoroisopropyl, 3-chloropropyl, 2-chloropropyl, 3-bromopropy
  • halogen-substituted lower alkoxy groups include the lower alkoxy groups having one to seven halogen atom(s), preferably one to three halogen atom(s).
  • Examples thereof include fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, chloromethoxy, dichloromethoxy, trichloromethoxy, bromomethoxy, dibromomethoxy, dichlorofluoromethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, pentafluoroethoxy, 2-chloroethoxy, 3,3,3-trifluoropropoxy, heptafluoropropoxy, heptafluoroisopropoxy, 3-chloropropoxy, 2-chloropropoxy, 3-bromopropoxy, 4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy, 4,4,4,3,3-pentafluorobutoxy, 4-chlorobutoxy, 4-bromobutoxy, 2-chlorobutoxy, 5,5,5-trifluoropentoxy, 5-ch
  • lower alkylthio groups examples include alkylthio groups wherein the alkyl moiety is the lower alkyl group mentioned above.
  • lower alkanoyl groups include straight or branched C 1-6 (preferably C 1-4 ) alkanoyl groups such as formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, pentanoyl, tert-butylcarbonyl, hexanoyl, etc.
  • halogen-substituted lower alkanoyl groups include the lower alkanoyl groups having one to seven halogen atom(s), preferably one to three halogen atom(s).
  • Examples thereof include fluoroacetyl, difluoroacetyl, trifluoroacetyl, chloroacetyl, dichloroacetyl, bromoacetyl, dibromoacetyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoropropionyl, pentafluoropropionyl, 3-chlorobutanoyl, 3,3,3-trichlorobutanoyl, 4-chlorobutanoyl, etc.
  • protected hydroxy groups include the lower alkyl groups described above, the lower alkanoyl groups described above, phenyl (lower) alkyl groups (such as benzyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, trityl, etc.), tetrahydropyranyl groups, etc.
  • hydroxy lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) hydroxy group(s).
  • protected hydroxy lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) protected hydroxy group(s) described above.
  • amino lower alkanoyl groups include the lower alkanoyl groups having one to three (preferably one) amino group(s).
  • hydroxy lower alkanoyl groups include the lower alkanoyl groups having one to three (preferably one) hydroxy group(s).
  • protected hydroxy lower alkanoyl groups include the lower alkanoyl groups having one to three (preferably one) protected hydroxy group(s) described above.
  • Examples of phosphonooxy lower alkanoyl groups include the lower alkanoyl groups having one to three (preferably one) protected phosphonooxy group(s).
  • the phosphonooxy lower alkanoyl moieties of the phosphonooxy lower alkanoyloxy groups are as described above.
  • Examples of phosphonooxy lower alkanoyloxy lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) phosphonooxy lower alkanoyloxy group(s) described above.
  • amino lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) amino group(s).
  • carboxy lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) carboxy group(s).
  • carbamoyl lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) carbamoyl group(s).
  • lower alkanoyl lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) lower alkanoyl group(s).
  • lower alkoxy lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) lower alkoxy group(s).
  • Examples of phosphonooxy lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) phosphonooxy group(s).
  • lower alkylthio lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) lower alkylthio group(s) described above.
  • the lower alkanoyl moieties of the lower alkanoyl amino groups are as described above.
  • lower alkanoyl amino lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) lower alkanoyl amino group(s) described above.
  • amino lower alkyl moieties of the amino lower alkylthio groups are as described above.
  • amino lower alkylthio lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) amino lower alkylthio group(s) described above.
  • hydroxy lower alkyl moieties of the hydroxy lower alkylthio groups are as described above.
  • hydroxy lower alkylthio lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) hydroxy lower alkylthio group(s) described above.
  • the carboxy lower alkyl moieties of the carboxy lower alkylthio groups are as described above.
  • carboxy lower alkylthio lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) carboxy lower alkylthio group(s) described above.
  • the lower alkoxy moieties of the lower alkoxy carbonyl groups are as described above.
  • the lower alkoxy carbonyl moieties of the lower alkoxy carbonyl amino groups are as described above.
  • the lower alkoxy carbonyl lower alkyl moieties of the lower alkoxy carbonyl lower alkylthio groups are as described above.
  • lower alkoxy carbonyl lower alkylthio lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) lower alkoxy carbonyl lower alkylthio group(s) described above.
  • the lower alkyl moieties of the lower alkylthio carbonyl groups are as described above.
  • amino lower alkanoyl moieties of the amino lower alkanoyloxy groups are as described above.
  • amino lower alkanoyloxy lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) amino lower alkanoyloxy group(s).
  • amino lower alkylthio carbonyl groups include the lower alkylthio carbonyl groups having one to three (preferably one) amino group(s).
  • amino lower alkylthio carbonyl lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) amino lower alkylthio carbonyl group(s) described above.
  • benzoyloxy lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) benzoyloxy group(s).
  • hydroxy lower alkyl moieties of the hydroxy lower alkylsulfonyl groups are as described above.
  • hydroxy lower alkylsulfonyl lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) hydroxy lower alkylsulfonyl group(s) described above.
  • the carboxy lower alkyl moieties of the carboxy lower alkylsulfonyl groups are as described above.
  • carboxy lower alkylsulfonyl lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) carboxy lower alkylsulfonyl group(s) described above.
  • the lower alkoxy carbonyl lower alkyl moieties of the lower alkoxy carbonyl lower alkylsulfonyl groups are as described above.
  • lower alkoxy carbonyl lower alkylsulfonyl lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) lower alkoxy carbonyl lower alkylsulfonyl group(s) described above.
  • the lower alkanoyl lower alkyl moieties of the lower alkanoyl lower alkylsulfonyl groups are as described above.
  • lower alkanoyl lower alkylsulfonyl lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) lower alkanoyl lower alkylsulfonyl group(s) described above.
  • hydroxy lower alkoxy groups include the lower alkoxy groups having one to three (preferably one) hydroxy group(s).
  • protected hydroxy lower alkoxy groups include the lower alkoxy groups having one to three (preferably one) protected hydroxy group(s) described above.
  • carboxy lower alkoxy groups include the lower alkoxy groups having one to three (preferably one) carboxy group(s).
  • lower alkoxy carbonyl lower alkoxy groups include the lower alkoxy groups having one to three (preferably one) lower alkoxy carbonyl groups described above.
  • carbamoyl lower alkoxy groups include the lower alkoxy groups having one to three (preferably one) carbamoyl group(s).
  • lower alkoxy lower alkoxy groups include the lower alkoxy groups having one to three (preferably one) lower alkoxy group(s) described above.
  • piperazinyl lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) piperazinyl group(s).
  • piperazinyl lower alkylsulfonyl lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) piperazinyl lower alkylsulfonyl group(s) wherein the piperazinyl lower alkyl moieties are as described above.
  • piperazinyl carbonyl lower alkylsulfonyl groups include the lower alkylsulfonyl groups having one to three (preferably one) piperazinyl carbonyl group(s).
  • piperazinyl carbonyl lower alkylsulfonyl lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) piperazinyl carbonyl lower alkylsulfonyl group(s) described above.
  • piperazinyl lower alkoxy carbonyl groups include the lower alkoxy carbonyl groups having one to three (preferably one) piperazinyl group(s).
  • piperazinyl lower alkoxy carbonyl lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) piperazinyl lower alkoxy carbonyl group(s).
  • morpholinyl lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) morpholinyl group(s).
  • oxazepanyl lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) oxazepanyl group(s).
  • piperidyl lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) piperidyl group(s).
  • azetidyl lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) azetidyl group(s).
  • isoindolyl lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) isoindolyl group(s).
  • diazepanyl lower alkyl groups include the lower alkyl groups having one to three (preferably one) diazepanyl group(s).
  • the quinolone compound represented by General Formula (1) (hereinafter also referred to as Compound (1)) can be produced by various methods; for example, by a method according to the following Reaction Scheme 1 or 2.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are as defined above, and X 1 represents a halogen atom.
  • halogen atoms represented by X 1 include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
  • Preferable leaving groups in the reaction include halogens. Among these, iodine is particularly preferable.
  • Compound (1) can be produced by the reaction of the compound represented by General Formula (2) with the compound represented by General Formula (3) in an inert solvent or without using any solvents, in the presence or absence of a basic compound, in the presence of a palladium catalyst.
  • inert solvents examples include water; ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene; lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; and polar solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), hexamethylphosphoric triamide, and acetonitrile.
  • ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and
  • Palladium compounds used in the reaction are not particularly limited, but include, for example, tetravalent palladium catalysts such as sodium hexachloropalladiumate(IV) tetrahydrate and potassium hexachloropalladiumate(IV); divalent palladium catalysts such as palladium(II) chloride, palladium(II) bromide, palladium(II) acetate, palladium(II) acetylacetonato, dichlorobis(benzonitrile)palladium(II), dichlorobis(acetonitrile)palladium(II), dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II), dichlorotetraamminepalladium(II), dichloro(cycloocta-1,5-diene)palladium(II), palladium(II) trifluoroacetate, and 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino) ferrocene dich
  • the amount of the palladium catalyst is not particularly limited, but is typically in the range from 0.000001 to 20 moles in terms of palladium relative to 1 mol of the compound of General Formula (2).
  • the amount of the palladium catalyst is preferably in the range from 0.0001 to 5 moles in terms of palladium relative to 1 mol of the compound of General Formula (2).
  • ligands of the palladium catalyst include 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl(BINAP), tri-o-tolylphosphine, bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene, triphenylphosphine, tri-t-butylphosphine, and 9,9-dimethyl-4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)xanthene
  • XANTPHOS XANTPHOS
  • the proportion of the palladium catalyst and ligand is not particularly limited.
  • the amount of the ligand is about 0.1 to about 100 moles, preferably about 0.5 to about 15 moles, per mole of the palladium catalyst.
  • Inorganic bases include, for example, alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide; alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, and lithium carbonate; alkali metal hydrogencarbonates such as lithium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, and potassium hydrogencarbonate; alkali metals such as sodium and potassium; phosphates such as sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate; amides such as sodium amide; and alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride and potassium hydride.
  • alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide
  • alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, and lithium carbonate
  • alkali metal hydrogencarbonates such as lithium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, and potassium hydrogencarbonate
  • alkali metals such as sodium and potassium
  • phosphates such as sodium
  • Organic bases include, for example, alkali metal lower alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium t-butoxide, potassium methoxide, potassium ethoxide, and potassium t-butoxide, and amines such as triethylamine, tripropylamine, pyridine, quinoline, piperidine, imidazole, N-ethyldiisopropylamine, dimethylaminopyridine, trimethylamine, dimethylaniline, N-methylmorpholine, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), etc.
  • alkali metal lower alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium t-butoxide, potassium methoxide, potassium eth
  • Such basic compounds can be used singly or in combinations of two or more. More preferable basic compounds used in the reaction include alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, and lithium carbonate.
  • a basic compound is usually used in an amount of 0.5 to 10 moles, preferably 0.5 to 6 moles, per mole of the compound of General Formula (2).
  • the compound of General Formula (3) is usually used in an amount of at least about 1 mole, preferably about 1 to about 5 moles, per mole of the compound of General Formula (2).
  • the reaction can be conducted under normal pressure, under inert gas atmospheres including nitrogen, argon, etc., or under increased pressure.
  • the reaction proceeds usually at room temperature to 200° C., and preferably at room temperature to 150° C., and is usually completed in about 1 to about 30 hours.
  • the reaction is also achieved by heating at 100 to 200° C. for 5 minutes to 1 hour using a microwave reactor.
  • the compound represented by General Formula (3) which is used as a starting material in Reaction Scheme 1 is an easily available known compound.
  • the compound represented by General Formula (2) includes a novel compound, and the compound is produced in accordance with Reaction Scheme 6 shown below.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are as defined above, and R 8 represents a lower alkoxy group.
  • the lower alkoxy group represented by R 8 in General Formula (5) has the same definition as described above.
  • inert solvents examples include water; ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene; lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol; and polar solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), hexamethylphosphoric triamide, and acetonitrile.
  • ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene
  • lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and is
  • acid catalysts including toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, xylene sulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, glacial acetic acid, boron trifluoride, acidic ion exchangers, etc. These acid catalysts can be used singly or in combinations of two or more.
  • acidic ion exchangers are preferably used.
  • acidic ion exchangers include polymeric cation exchangers available from the market such as Lewatit S100, Zeo-karb 225, Dowex 50, Amberlite IR120, or Amberlyst 15 and like styrene sulfonic acid polymers; Lewatit PN, Zeo-karb 215 or 315, and like polysulfonic acid condensates; Lewatit CNO, Duolite CS100, and like m-phenolic carboxylic acid resins; or Permutit C, Zeo-karb 226 or Amberlite IRC 50, and like polyacrylates. Of these, Amberlyst 15 is particularly preferred.
  • An acid catalyst is usually used in an amount of 0.0001 to 100 moles, preferably 0.5 to 6 moles, per mole of the compound of General Formula (4).
  • the compound of General Formula (5) is usually used in an amount of at least about 1 mole, preferably about 1 to about 5 moles, per mole of the compound of General Formula (4).
  • the reaction can be conducted under normal pressure, under inert gas atmospheres including nitrogen, argon, etc., or under increased pressure.
  • the reaction proceeds usually at room temperature to 200° C., and preferably at room temperature to 150° C. During the reaction, azeotropic removal of water is conducted until the reaction water generation is completed. The reaction is usually finished in about 1 to about 30 hours.
  • the process of producing the compound of General Formula (1) via a cyclization reaction of the intermediate compound represented by General Formula (6) can be carried out by heating the compound in a solvent such as diphenyl ether, or by heating the compound in the absence of a solvent.
  • the reaction is conducted at 150 to 300° C. for 5 minutes to 2 hours.
  • the compound represented by General Formula (4), used as a starting material in Reaction Scheme 2 described above is a known compound or can be produced easily using a known compound.
  • the compound represented by General Formula (5) includes a novel compound, and the compound is manufactured in accordance with, for example, the methods shown in Reaction Scheme 4 and Reaction Scheme 5 described below.
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are as defined above, and R 1 ′ is a group represented by R 1 other than hydrogen, and X 2 represents a group that undergoes the same substitution reaction as that of a halogen or a halogen atom.
  • Halogens represented by X 2 in General Formula (7) include the halogen atom described above.
  • Groups that undergo the same substitution reaction as that of the halogen atoms represented by X 2 include lower alkane sulfonyloxy groups, aryl sulfonyloxy groups, aralkyl sulfonyloxy groups, etc.
  • lower alkane sulfonyloxy groups include straight or branched C 1-6 alkane sulfonyloxy groups, such as methane sulfonyloxy, ethane sulfonyloxy, n-propane sulfonyloxy, isopropane sulfonyloxy, n-butane sulfonyloxy, tert-butane sulfonyloxy, n-pentane sulfonyloxy, and n-hexane sulfonyloxy.
  • aryl sulfonyloxy groups include naphthyl sulfonyloxy and phenyl sulfonyloxy optionally substituted on a phenyl ring with one to three substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of straight or branched C 1-6 alkyl groups, straight or branched C 1-6 alkoxy groups, nitro groups, and halogen atoms as a substituent(s).
  • phenyl sulfonyloxy groups optionally substituted with the above substituent(s) include phenyl sulfonyloxy, 4-methylphenyl sulfonyloxy, 2-methylphenyl sulfonyloxy, 4-nitrophenyl sulfonyloxy, 4-methoxyphenyl sulfonyloxy, 2-nitrophenyl sulfonyloxy, 3-chlorophenyl sulfonyloxy, etc.
  • naphthyl sulfonyloxy groups include ⁇ -naphthyl sulfonyloxy, ⁇ -naphthyl sulfonyloxy, etc.
  • aralkyl sulfonyloxy groups include phenyl-substituted straight or branched C 1-6 alkane sulfonyloxy groups that may have, on the phenyl ring, one to three substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of straight or branched C 1-6 alkyl groups, straight or branched C 1-6 alkoxy groups, a nitro group and halogen atoms as a substituent(s); and naphtyl-substituted straight or branched C 1-6 alkane sulfonyloxy groups.
  • alkane sulfonyloxy groups substituted with the above-mentioned phenyl group(s) include benzyl sulfonyloxy, 2-phenylethyl sulfonyloxy, 4-phenylbutyl sulfonyloxy, 4-methylbenzyl sulfonyloxy, 2-methylbenzyl sulfonyloxy, 4-nitrobenzyl sulfonyloxy, 4-methoxybenzyl sulfonyloxy, 3-chlorobenzyl sulfonyloxy, etc.
  • alkane sulfonyloxy groups substituted with the above-mentioned naphthyl group(s) include ⁇ -naphthylmethyl sulfonyloxy, ⁇ -naphthylmethyl sulfonyloxy, etc.
  • the compound represented by General Formula (1b) can be produced by the reaction of the compound represented by General Formula (1a) with the compound represented by General Formula (7) in an inert solvent or without using any solvents, in the presence or absence of a basic compound.
  • inert solvents examples include water; ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene; lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; and polar solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), hexamethylphosphoric triamide, and acetonitrile.
  • ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and
  • Inorganic bases include, for example, alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide; alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, and lithium carbonate; alkali metal hydrogen carbonates such as lithium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, and potassium hydrogen carbonate; alkali metals such as sodium and potassium; amides such as sodium amide; and alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride and potassium hydride.
  • alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide
  • alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, and lithium carbonate
  • alkali metal hydrogen carbonates such as lithium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, and potassium hydrogen carbonate
  • alkali metals such as sodium and potassium
  • amides such as sodium amide
  • alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride and
  • Organic bases include, for example, alkali metal lower alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium t-butoxide, potassium methoxide, potassium ethoxide, and potassium t-butoxide; and amines such as triethylamine, tripropylamine, pyridine, quinoline, piperidine, imidazole, N-ethyl diisopropylamine, dimethylaminopyridine, trimethylamine, dimethylaniline, N-methylmorpholine, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), etc.
  • alkali metal lower alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium t-butoxide, potassium methoxide, potassium ethoxid
  • Such basic compounds can be used singly or in combinations of two or more. More preferable basic compounds used in the reaction include inorganic bases such as sodium hydride and potassium hydride.
  • a basic compound is usually used in an amount of 0.5 to 10 moles, preferably 0.5 to 6 moles, per mole of the compound of General Formula (1a).
  • the compound of General Formula (7) is usually used in an amount of at least about 1 mole, preferably 1 to about 5 moles, per mole of the compound of General Formula (1a).
  • the reaction can be conducted under normal pressure, under inert gas atmospheres including nitrogen, argon, etc., or under increased pressure.
  • the reaction proceeds usually at 0° C. to 200° C., and preferably at room temperature to 150° C., and is usually completed in about 1 to about 30 hours.
  • Compound (5) and Compound (2) which are the starting materials of the compound of the invention, include novel compounds, and can be produced by various methods; for example, by methods according to the following Reaction Schemes 4 to 6.
  • R 2 , R 3 , and R 8 are as defined above, and R 9 represents a lower alkoxy group.
  • the lower alkoxy group represented by R 9 in General Formula (9) has the same definition as described above.
  • the compound represented by General Formula (5) can be produced by the reaction of the compound represented by General Formula (8) with the compound represented by General Formula (9) in an inert solvent or without using any solvents, in the presence or absence of a basic compound.
  • inert solvents examples include water; ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene; lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; and polar solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), hexamethylphosphoric triamide, and acetonitrile.
  • ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and
  • Inorganic bases include, for example, alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide; alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, and lithium carbonate; alkali metal hydrogencarbonates such as lithium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, and potassium hydrogencarbonate; alkali metals such as sodium and potassium; amides such as sodium amide; and alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride and potassium hydride.
  • alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide
  • alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, and lithium carbonate
  • alkali metal hydrogencarbonates such as lithium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, and potassium hydrogencarbonate
  • alkali metals such as sodium and potassium
  • amides such as sodium amide
  • alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride and
  • Organic bases include, for example, alkali metal lower alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium t-butoxide, potassium methoxide, potassium ethoxide, and potassium t-butoxide; and amines such as triethylamine, tripropylamine, pyridine, quinoline, piperidine, imidazole, N-ethyldiisopropylamine, dimethylaminopyridine, trimethylamine, dimethylaniline, N-methylmorpholine, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), etc.
  • alkali metal lower alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium t-butoxide, potassium methoxide, potassium eth
  • basic compounds are used singly or in combinations of two or more. More preferable examples of basic compounds used in the reaction include inorganic bases such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc.
  • a basic compound is usually used in an amount of about 1 to about 10 moles, preferably about 1 to about 6 moles, per mole of the compound of General Formula (8).
  • the compound of General Formula (9) is usually used in an amount of at least about 1 mole, preferably about 1 to about 5 moles, per mole of the compound of General Formula (8).
  • the reaction can be conducted under normal pressure, under inert gas atmospheres including nitrogen, argon, etc., or under increased pressure.
  • the reaction proceeds usually at room temperature to 200° C., and preferably at room temperature to 150° C., and is usually completed in about 1 to about 30 hours.
  • R 2 , R 3 , and R 8 are as defined above, and X 3 represents a halogen atom.
  • halogen atom represented by X 3 in General Formula (9′) has the same definition as described above.
  • the compound represented by General Formula (5) can be produced by the reaction of the compound represented by General Formula (8′) with the compound represented by General Formula (9′) in an inert solvent or without using any solvents, in the presence of a basic compound such as cesium carbonate and a copper catalyst such as copper iodide.
  • inert solvents include polar solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), hexamethylphosphoric triamide, and acetonitrile. These inert solvents can be used singly or in combinations of two or more.
  • polar solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), hexamethylphosphoric triamide, and acetonitrile.
  • the reaction may be conducted in the presence of amino acids such as L-proline.
  • the reaction can be conducted under normal pressure, under inert gas atmospheres including nitrogen, argon, etc., or under increased pressure.
  • the reaction proceeds usually at room temperature to 200° C., and preferably at room temperature to 150° C., and is usually completed in about 1 to about 30 hours.
  • R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are as defined above, and X 1a represents a halogen atom.
  • R 10 represents a lower alkyl group.
  • the lower alkyl group represented by R 10 and a halogen atom represented by X 1a have the same definitions as described above.
  • the compound represented by General Formula (12) can be produced by the condensation reaction of the compounds represented by General Formulae (4), (10), and (11) in an inert solvent or without using any solvents.
  • inert solvents examples include water; ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, and carbon tetrachloride; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene; lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol; and polar solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), hexamethylphosphoric triamide, and acetonitrile.
  • the compound represented by General Formula (11) can be used as a solvent in place of the solvents mentioned above.
  • the compound of General Formula (10) is usually used in an amount of at least 1 mole, preferably about 1 to about 5 moles, per mole of the compound of General Formula (4).
  • the compound represented by General Formula (11) is used in an amount exceeding that of the compound of General Formula (10).
  • the reaction can be conducted under normal pressure, under inert gas atmospheres including nitrogen, argon, etc., or under increased pressure.
  • the reaction proceeds usually at room temperature to 200° C., and preferably at room temperature to 150° C., and is usually completed in about 1 to about 30 hours.
  • the compound represented by General Formula (13) can be produced by the cyclization reaction of the compound represented by General Formula (12) in an inert solvent or without using any solvents.
  • inert solvents examples include ethers such as diphenyl ether.
  • the reaction can be conducted under normal pressure, under inert gas atmospheres including nitrogen, argon, etc., or under increased pressure.
  • the reaction proceeds usually at room temperature to 300° C., and preferably at 150 to 300° C., and is usually completed in about 1 to about 30 hours.
  • the compound represented by General Formula (2a) can be produced by the reaction of the compound represented by General Formula (13) with the compound represented by General Formula (14) in an inert solvent or without using any solvents, in the presence or absence of a basic compound.
  • inert solvents examples include water; ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethyleneglycol dimethyl ether, and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene; lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; polar solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), hexamethylphosphoric triamide, and acetonitrile.
  • ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethyleneglycol dimethyl ether, and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and
  • Inorganic bases include, for example, alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide; alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, and lithium carbonate; alkali metal hydrogencarbonates such as lithium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, and potassium hydrogencarbonate; alkali metals such as sodium and potassium; amides such as sodium amide; and alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride and potassium hydride.
  • alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, and lithium hydroxide
  • alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, and lithium carbonate
  • alkali metal hydrogencarbonates such as lithium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, and potassium hydrogencarbonate
  • alkali metals such as sodium and potassium
  • amides such as sodium amide
  • alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride and
  • Organic bases include, for example, alkali metal alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium t-butoxide, potassium methoxide, potassium ethoxide, and potassium t-butoxide; and amines such as triethylamine, tripropylamine, pyridine, quinoline, piperidine, imidazole, N-ethyldiisopropylamine, dimethylaminopyridine, trimethylamine, dimethylaniline, N-methylmorpholine, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), etc.
  • alkali metal alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium t-butoxide, potassium methoxide, potassium ethoxide
  • Such basic compounds can be used singly or in combinations of two or more. More preferable basic compounds used in the reaction include alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, and lithium carbonate, etc.
  • a basic compound is usually used in an amount of 0.5 to 10 moles, preferably 0.5 to 6 moles, per mole of the compound of General Formula (13).
  • the compound of General Formula (14) is usually used in an amount of at least 0.5 moles, preferably about 0.5 to about 5 moles, per mole of the compound of General Formula (13).
  • the reaction can be conducted under normal pressure, under inert gas atmospheres including nitrogen, argon, etc., or under increased pressure.
  • the reaction proceeds usually at room temperature to 200° C., and preferably at room temperature to 150° C., and is usually completed in about 1 to about 30 hours.
  • R 1 a represents a phosphonooxy lower alkyl group having one or more hydroxy-protecting groups, a phosphonooxy lower alkanoyloxy lower alkyl group having one or more hydroxy-protecting groups, or a benzoyloxy lower alkyl group having one or more phosphonooxy groups substituted with one or hydroxy-protecting groups on the benzene ring; and R 1 b represents a phosphonooxy lower alkyl group, a phosphonooxy lower alkanoyloxy lower alkyl group, or a benzoyloxy lower alkyl group having one or more phosphonooxy groups on the benzene ring.
  • Compound (1d) can be produced by the deprotection of the hydroxy-protecting group from Compound (1c) in an inert solvent or without using any solvents.
  • inert solvents examples include water; ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, and carbon tetrachloride; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene; lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol; and polar solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), hexamethylphosphoric triamide, and acetonitrile.
  • the compound represented by General Formula (1c) may also be used as a solvent instead of the above solvents.
  • These inert solvents can be used singly or in combinations of two or more.
  • This reaction is carried out by a conventional method such as hydrolysis or reduction.
  • Hydrolysis is carried out preferably in the presence of bases or acids including a Lewis acid.
  • bases include inorganic bases such as alkali metal hydroxides (e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide), alkali earth metal hydroxides (e.g., magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide), alkali metal carbonates (e.g., sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate), alkali earth metal carbonates (e.g., magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate), alkali metal hydrogencarbonates (e.g., sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate); and organic bases such as trialkyl amines (e.g., trimethylamine, triethylamine), picoline, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-en, and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undeca-7-en.
  • inorganic bases such as alkali metal hydroxides (e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide), alkali earth metal hydroxides (e.g
  • suitable acids include organic acids (e.g., formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, trichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid) and inorganic acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid).
  • Lewis acids such as trihaloacetic acids (e.g., trichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid) is carried out preferably in the presence of a cation scavenger (e.g., anisole, phenol).
  • a liquid base or acid can also be used as a solvent.
  • the reaction temperature is not limited, and the reaction is usually carried out under cooling or warming.
  • Reduction methods applicable to the elimination reaction include chemical reduction and catalytic reduction.
  • Suitable reducing agents for use in chemical reduction are a combination of a metal (e.g., tin, zinc, iron) or metallic compound (e.g., chromium chloride, chromium acetate) and an organic or inorganic acid (e.g. formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid).
  • a metal e.g., tin, zinc, iron
  • metallic compound e.g., chromium chloride, chromium acetate
  • organic or inorganic acid e.g. formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid.
  • Suitable catalysts for use in catalytic reduction are conventional ones such as platinum catalysts (e.g. platinum plate, spongy platinum, platinum black, colloidal platinum, platinum oxide, platinum wire), palladium catalysts (e.g. spongy palladium, palladium black, palladium oxide, palladium-carbon, colloidal palladium, palladium-barium sulfate, palladium-barium carbonate), nickel catalysts (e.g. reduced nickel, nickel oxide, Raney nickel), cobalt catalysts (e.g. reduced cobalt, Raney cobalt), iron catalysts (e.g. reduced iron, Raney iron), copper catalysts (e.g. reduced copper, Raney copper, Ullman copper), and the like.
  • platinum catalysts e.g. platinum plate, spongy platinum, platinum black, colloidal platinum, platinum oxide, platinum wire
  • palladium catalysts e.g. spongy palladium, palladium black, palladium oxide, palladium-carbon, colloidal
  • the reaction is usually carried out in a conventional solvent which does not adversely influence the reaction, such as water; an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, trifluoroethanol, or ethyleneglycol; an ether such as acetone, diethylether, dioxane, or tetrahydrofuran; a halogenated hydrocarbon such as chloroform, methylene chloride, or ethylene chloride; an ester such as methyl acetate or ethyl acetate; acetonitrile; N,N-dimethylformamide; pyridine; any other organic solvent; or a mixture of these solvents.
  • the reaction usually proceeds at room temperature to 200° C., and preferably at room temperature to 150° C., and is usually completed in about 1 to about 30 hours.
  • the conditions for the deprotection reaction of the hydroxy-protecting group are not limited to the reaction conditions described above.
  • reactions described by T. W. Green and P. G. M. Wuts (Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 4th edition) and John Wiley & Sons (New York, 1991, P. 309) can also be applied to the reaction process.
  • the raw material compounds used in each of the reaction schemes described above may include suitable salts, and the objective compounds obtained via each of the reactions may form suitable salts.
  • These preferable salts include the following preferable salts of Compound (1).
  • Suitable salts of Compound (1) are pharmacologically allowable salts including, for example, salts of inorganic bases such as metal salts including alkali metal salts (e.g., sodium salts, potassium salts, etc.) and alkaline earth metal salts (e.g., calcium salts, magnesium salts, etc.), ammonium salts, alkali metal carbonates (e.g., lithium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, cesium carbonate, etc.), alkali metal hydrogencarbonates (e.g., lithium hydrogencarbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, etc.), and alkali metal hydroxides (e.g., lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, etc.); salts of organic bases such as tri(lower) alkylamine (e.g., trimethylamine, triethylamine, N-ethyldiisopropylamine, etc.), pyridine, quinoline, piperidine,
  • Each of the objective compounds obtained according to the above reaction schemes can be isolated and purified from the reaction mixture by, for example, cooling the reaction mixture first, performing an isolation procedure such as filtration, concentration, extraction, etc., to separate a crude reaction product, and then subjecting the crude reaction product to a usual purification procedure such as column chromatography, recrystallization, etc.
  • the compound represented by General Formula (1) according to the present invention naturally includes geometrical isomers, stereoisomers, optical isomers, and like isomers.
  • R 1 of General Formula (1) represents a hydrogen atom
  • the compound includes a tautomer of the quinolone ring. That is, in the quinolone compound of General Formula (1), when R 1 represents a hydrogen atom (1′),
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 are as defined above.
  • constitutional formula of a 4-quinolone compound is suitably used as a constitutional formula of the objective or starting material including compounds of such tautomers.
  • the present invention also includes isotopically labeled compounds that are identical to the compounds represented by Formula (1), except that one or more atoms are replaced by one or more atoms having specific atomic mass or mass numbers.
  • isotopes that can be incorporated into the compounds of the present invention include hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, fluorine, and chlorine, such as 2 H, 3 H, 13 C, 14 C, 15 N, 18 O, 17 O, 18 F, and 36 Cl.
  • Certain isotopically labeled compounds of the present invention which include the above-described isotopes and/or other isotopes of other atoms, for example, those into which radioisotopes such as 3 H and 14 C are incorporated, are useful in drug and/or substrate tissue distribution assay. Tritiated (i.e., 3 H), and carbon-14 (i.e., 14 C) isotopes are particularly preferred for their ease of preparation and detectability. Further, substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium (i.e., 2 H) can afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example, an increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements.
  • the isotopically labeled compounds of the present invention can generally be prepared by substituting a readily available, isotopically labeled reagent for a non-isotopically labeled reagent according to the method disclosed in the schemes above and/or in the Examples below.
  • the compound of General Formula (1) and the salt thereof are used in the form of general pharmaceutical preparations.
  • the preparations are obtained using typically employed diluents or excipients such as fillers, extenders, binders, wetting agents, disintegrators, surfactants, lubricants, etc.
  • the form of such pharmaceutical preparations can be selected according to the purpose of the therapy. Typical examples include tablets, pills, powders, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, granules, capsules, suppositories, injections (solutions, suspensions, etc.), and the like.
  • any of various carriers conventionally known in this field can be used.
  • examples thereof include lactose, white sugar, sodium chloride, glucose, urea, starch, calcium carbonate, kaolin, crystalline cellulose, silicic acid, and other excipients; water, ethanol, propanol, simple syrup, glucose solutions, starch solutions, gelatin solutions, carboxymethylcellulose, shellac, methylcellulose, potassium phosphate, polyvinylpyrrolidone and other binders; dry starch, sodium alginate, agar powder, laminarin powder, sodium hydrogen carbonate, calcium carbonate, fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylene sorbitan, sodium lauryl sulfate, stearic acid monoglycerides, starch, lactose and other disintegrators; white sugar, stearin, cacao butter, hydrogenated oils and other disintegration inhibitors; quaternary ammonium bases, sodium lauryl sulfate and other absorption promoters; glycerol,
  • any of various carriers conventionally known in this field can be used.
  • examples thereof include glucose, lactose, starch, cacao butter, hydrogenated vegetable oils, kaolin, talc and other excipients; gum arabic powder, tragacanth powder, gelatin, ethanol and other binders; laminarin, agar and other disintegrators; etc.
  • any of various carriers conventionally known in this field can be used.
  • examples thereof include polyethylene glycol, cacao butter, higher alcohols, esters of higher alcohols, gelatin, semi synthetic glycerides, etc.
  • Capsules can be prepared by mixing the active principal compound with the above-mentioned carriers to enclose the former in a hard gelatin capsule, soft gelatin capsule or the like.
  • a solution, emulsion or suspension is sterilized and preferably made isotonic to blood.
  • Any of the diluents widely used for such forms in this field can be employed to form the injection.
  • examples of such diluents include water, ethyl alcohol, macrogol, propylene glycol, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohol, polyoxylated isostearyl alcohol, fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylene sorbitan, etc.
  • the pharmaceutical preparation may contain sodium chloride, glucose or glycerol in an amount sufficient to prepare an isotonic solution, and may contain typical solubilizers, buffers, analgesic agents, etc. Further, if necessary, the pharmaceutical preparation may contain coloring agents, preservatives, flavors, sweetening agents, etc., and/or other medicines.
  • the amount of the compound represented by the General Formula (1) and the salt thereof included in the pharmaceutical preparation of the present invention is not limited, and can be suitably selected from a wide range.
  • the proportion is generally about 0.1 to about 70 wt. %, preferably about 0.1 to about 30 wt. % of the pharmaceutical preparation.
  • the route of administration of the pharmaceutical preparation of the present invention is not particularly limited, and the preparation is administered by a route suitable to the form of the preparation, patient's age, sex and other conditions, and severity of the disease.
  • a route suitable to the form of the preparation For example, tablets, pills, solutions, suspensions, emulsions, granules and capsules are administered orally.
  • Injections are intravenously administered singly or as mixed with typical injection transfusions such as glucose solutions, amino acid solutions or the like, or singly administered intramuscularly, intracutaneously, subcutaneously or intraperitoneally, as required. Suppositories are administered intrarectally.
  • the dosage of the pharmaceutical preparation of the invention is suitably selected according to the method of use, patient's age, sex and other conditions, and severity of the disease.
  • the amount of active principal compound is usually about 0.1 to about 10 mg/kg body weight/day. Further, it is desirable that the pharmaceutical preparation in each unit of the administration form contains the active principal compound in an amount of about 1 to about 200 mg.
  • the compounds of the invention protect and improve mitochondrial function, and/or protect neurons and repair neuronal function, and hence are effective in the treatment or prevention of neurodegenerative diseases, diseases induced by neurological dysfunction, and diseases induced by deterioration of mitochondrial function.
  • neurodegenerative diseases include Parkinson's disease, Parkinson's syndrome, juvenile parkinsonism, striatonigral degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, pure akinesia, Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, prion disease, corticobasal degeneration, diffuse Lewy body disease, Huntington's disease, chorea-acanthocytosis, benign hereditary chorea, paroxysmal choreoathetosis, essential tremor, essential myoclonus, Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, Rett's syndrome, degenerative ballism, dystonia musculorum deformance, athetosis, spasmodic torticollis, Meige syndrome, cerebral palsy, Wilson's disease, Segawa's disease, Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome, neuroaxonal dystrophy, pallidal atrophy, spino-cerebellar degeneration, cerebral cortical atrophy, Holmes-type cerebellar atrophy, olivopontocerebell
  • diseases induced by neurological dysfunction include spinal cord injury, chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, radiation damage, and demyelinating diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, transverse myelitis, progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and Guillain-Barre syndrome).
  • demyelinating diseases e.g., multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, transverse myelitis, progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and Guillain-Barre syndrome).
  • Examples of diseases induced by deterioration of mitochondrial function include Pearson's syndrome, diabetes, deafness, malignant migraine, Leber's disease, MELAS, MERRF, MERRF/MELAS overlap syndrome, NARP, pure myopathy, mitochondrial cardiomyopathy, myopathy, dementia, gastrointestinal ataxia, acquired sideroblastic anemia, aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss, complex III deficiency due to inherited variants of cytochrome b, multiple symmetrical lipomatosis, ataxia, myoclonus, retinopathy, MNGIE, ANTI disease, Twinkle disease, POLG disease, recurrent myoglobinuria, SANDO, ARCO, complex I deficiency, complex II deficiency, optic nerve atrophy, fatal infantile complex IV deficiency, mitochondrial DNA deficiency, mitochondrial DNA deficiency syndrome, Leigh's encephalomyelopathy, chronic-progressive-external-ophthalmoplegia syndrome (CPEO),
  • the compound of the invention is effective in the prevention or treatment of diseases such as ischemic heart diseases (e.g., myocardial infarction and/or associated dysfunction, arrhythmia, angina pectoris, occlusion after PTCA, etc.) and/or associated dysfunction, cardiac failure, myocardosis, aortic dissection, immunodeficiency, autoimmune diseases, pancreatic insufficiency, diabetes, atheroembolic renal disease, polycytic kidney disease, medullary cystic disease, renal cortical necrosis, malignant nephrosclerosis, renal failure, hepatic encephalopathy, liver failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary embolism, bronchiectasis, silicosis, black lung, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, muscular dystrophy, clostridial muscle necrosis, and femoral condyle necrosis
  • the compound of the invention can achieve effects heretofore unattained by known therapies, such as reduced dose, reduced side effects, and potentiated therapeutic effects, when it is administered in combination with L-dopa preparations, dopamine receptor agonists, dopamine metabolism enzyme inhibitors, dopamine release-rate-promoting preparations, central anticholinergic agents, cholinesterase inhibitors, N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor antagonists, or other agents used in thrombolytic therapy, cerebral edema therapy, brain protection therapy, antithrombotic therapy, and blood plasma dilution therapy.
  • known therapies such as reduced dose, reduced side effects, and potentiated therapeutic effects
  • Compounds (1) of the invention or salts thereof exhibit remarkably high solubility in, for example, water.
  • Particularly Compound (1d) or a salt thereof exhibits remarkably high solubility in, for example, water.
  • N-(3-Hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)acetamide (4.87 g, 24.2 mmol) was suspended in acetonitrile (50 ml).
  • a 1-iodopropane (4.52 g, 26.6 mmol) acetonitrile solution (40 ml) and potassium carbonate (4.35 g, 31.5 mmol) were added thereto, and the resulting mixture was stirred for 3 hours while heating under reflux. The mixture was then cooled to room temperature and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. Water was added to the residue, followed by extraction using dichloromethane.
  • N-(3-Propoxynaphthalen-2-yl)acetamide (2.5 g, 10.2 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (10 ml). Concentrated hydrochloric acid (5.2 ml) was added thereto, and the resulting mixture was stirred for 4 hours while heating under reflux. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and a 5N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (12.5 ml) was added thereto to adjust its pH to 11, followed by extraction using dichloromethane. The thus-obtained organic layer was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure, and the residue was then purified using silica gel column chromatography (dichloromethane). The purified product was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure, giving a white powder of 3-propoxynaphthalen-2-ylamine (2.05 g, yield: 100%).
  • 1-(3-Propoxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)ethanone (8.88 g, 38.2 mmol) was dissolved in a mixed solvent of chloroform (20 ml) and methanol (80 ml). Hydroxylamine hydrochloride (4.05 g, 58.2 mmol) and pyridine (9.46 ml, 117 mmol) were added to the solution and stirred for 16 hours while heating under reflux. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. 2N hydrochloric acid (30 ml) and water were added to the residue, followed by extraction using dichloromethane.
  • the purified product was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure, giving a pale brown oily substance of 6-propoxy-indan-5-ylamine (1.02 g, yield: 17%).
  • N-(7-propoxychroman-6-yl)acetamide was produced in the same manner as in Reference Example 8.
  • N-(6-Propoxychroman-7-yl)acetamide was produced in the same manner as in Reference Example 8.
  • N-(5-Propoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-yl)acetamide was produced in the same manner as in Reference Example 8.
  • the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and water and saturated ammonium chloride solution were added thereto, followed by extraction using ethyl acetate.
  • the organic layer was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and then concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure.
  • Benzhydrylidene(5-methylbenzofuran-7-yl)amine (17.9 g, 0.57 mmol) was dissolved in THF (150 ml).
  • 5N Hydrochloric acid 50 ml was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours.
  • a 5N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (40 ml) was added to the reaction mixture, followed by extraction using ethyl acetate. The extract was sequentially washed with an aqueous saturated sodium hydrogen solution and an aqueous saturated sodium chloride solution.
  • the organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure.
  • the purified product was concentrated under reduced pressure to recrystallize the residue from ethyl acetate-n-hexane, giving a pale yellow powder of 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-propoxy-4H-benzo[f]quinolin-1-one (1.55 g, yield: 42%).
  • the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, water was added thereto, and the resulting mixture was subjected to extraction using dichloromethane.
  • the purified product was concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was washed with ethyl acetate and then dried, giving a pale brown powder of 2-furan-3-yl-5-propoxy-4H-benzo[f]quinolin-1-one (430 mg, yield: 48%).
  • the purified product was concentrated under reduced pressure to recrystallize the residue from ethyl acetate-n-hexane, giving a pale gray powder of 2-furan-3-yl-4-methyl-5-propoxy-4H-benzo[f]quinolin-1-one (130 mg, yield: 42%).
  • a mixture containing 6-(3-chloropropyl)-8-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-propoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-6-aza-cyclopenta[a]naphthalen-9-one (700 mg, 1.64 mmol), morpholine (165 mg, 1.90 mmol), potassium carbonate (341 mg, 2.47 mmol), sodium iodide (295 mg, 1.97 mmol) and dimethyl formamide (3 ml) was stirred at 60° C. for 7 hours. Water and ethyl acetate were added to the reaction mixture, followed by separation. The thus-obtained organic layer was washed with an aqueous saturated sodium chloride solution twice and then concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • the purified product was concentrated under reduced pressure to recrystallize the residue from ethyl acetate-n-hexane, giving a white powder of 8-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(3-morpholin-4-ylpropyl)-5-propoxy-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-6-aza-cyclopenta[a]naphthalen-9-one (295 mg, yield: 38%).
  • the reaction mixture was ice-cooled, ice water was added thereto, and then the reaction mixture was subjected to extraction using ethyl acetate.
  • the thus-obtained organic layer was washed with an aqueous saturated sodium chloride solution twice, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and then concentrated under reduced pressure.

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