US9972850B2 - Fuel cell component having dimensions selected to maximize a useful area - Google Patents

Fuel cell component having dimensions selected to maximize a useful area Download PDF

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Publication number
US9972850B2
US9972850B2 US14/405,136 US201214405136A US9972850B2 US 9972850 B2 US9972850 B2 US 9972850B2 US 201214405136 A US201214405136 A US 201214405136A US 9972850 B2 US9972850 B2 US 9972850B2
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Prior art keywords
fuel cell
component
total
width
plate
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US14/405,136
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US20150214558A1 (en
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Jonathan Daniel O'Neill
Timothy W. Patterson
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Audi AG
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Audi AG
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Assigned to UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION reassignment UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: UTC POWER CORPORATION
Assigned to UTC POWER CORPORATION reassignment UTC POWER CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PATTERSON, TIMOTHY W., O'NEILL, Jonathan Daniel
Assigned to UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION reassignment UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: UTC POWER CORPORATION
Assigned to BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS INC reassignment BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS INC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
Assigned to AUDI AG reassignment AUDI AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS INC.
Publication of US20150214558A1 publication Critical patent/US20150214558A1/en
Assigned to AUDI AG reassignment AUDI AG CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE ASSIGNEE ADDRESS PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL: 035728 FRAME: 0905. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT. Assignors: BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS INC.
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H01M8/0265—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant the reactant or coolant channels having varying cross sections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0267—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors having heating or cooling means, e.g. heaters or coolant flow channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
    • H01M8/0273—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
    • H01M8/0276—Sealing means characterised by their form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H01M8/242—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes comprising framed electrodes or intermediary frame-like gaskets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • Fuel cells are used for generating electricity based upon an electrochemical reaction.
  • a variety of components are included within a fuel cell unit. Many of those components are typically realized in the form of a plate or sheet. There are a variety of known processes for making fuel cell components.
  • One challenge associated with operating a fuel cell is maintaining proper flow of the fluids within the cell stack assembly.
  • the manner in which fluids flow within a fuel cell is typically directed along channels that are formed in one or more of the fuel cell components.
  • a typical approach at providing channels within a fuel cell component includes forming a plate or sheet and cutting or machining in grooves that establish the channels for directing fluid flow within the fuel cell.
  • One drawback associated with this approach is that the cutting or machining process takes a significant amount of time. Such processes tend to increase the cost associated with fuel cell components.
  • An exemplary fuel cell component includes a generally planar body having a total area defined by a length and width of the body. A first portion of the total area is occupied by a first fuel cell feature that renders the first portion unusable for at least one fuel cell function. A second portion of the total area is occupied by a second fuel cell feature that renders the second portion unusable for the fuel cell function. A third portion of the total area is considered an active area of the component that is useful for the fuel cell function.
  • An aspect ratio of the length to the width of the generally planar body is dependent on the relationship between a dimension of the first portion and a dimension of the second portion.
  • An exemplary method of making a fuel cell component includes determining a dimension of a first portion of a total area of the component.
  • the first portion has to be occupied by a first fuel cell feature that renders the first portion unusable for at least one fuel cell function.
  • the method includes determining a dimension of a second portion of the total area that has to be occupied by a second fuel cell feature that renders the second portion unusable for the fuel cell function.
  • Dimensions for a total length and total width of the component are selected to establish an aspect ratio of the length to the width that satisfies a relationship that is dependent on a relationship between the dimension of the first portion and the dimension of the second portion.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates selected portions of a fuel cell.
  • FIG. 2 schematically illustrates selected features of an example fuel cell component.
  • FIG. 3 schematically illustrates selected features of another example fuel cell component.
  • FIG. 4 schematically illustrates selected features of an opposite side of the fuel cell component shown in FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 5 is an end view of a selected portion of the example fuel cell component from FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic, cross-sectional representation of an electrochemical cell, such as a fuel cell 10 , that is useful for generating electrical energy.
  • the example fuel cell 10 includes a plurality of components such as fluid transport plates 12 and 14 .
  • the fluid transport plate 12 is considered a cathode water transport plate and the fluid transport plate 14 is considered an anode water transport plate.
  • the cathode and anode water transport plates 12 and 14 are at opposed sides of a membrane electrode assembly 16 , which includes an electrolyte such as a proton exchange membrane 18 , a cathode catalyst 20 and an anode catalyst 22 .
  • Additional known components, such as gas diffusion layers, may be included but are not shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the cathode water transport plate 12 includes a plurality of fluid flow channels 32 that are in fluid communication with each other and the cathode catalyst 20 .
  • the example fluid transport plate 12 also includes fluid flow channels 34 that are configured to carry coolant in this example.
  • the anode transport plate 14 includes fluid flow channels 36 that are in fluid communication with each other and the anode catalyst 22 . Coolant channels 38 are provided on the transport plate 14 .
  • the channels 32 direct an oxidant such as air within the fuel cell and the channels 36 direct a fuel such as hydrogen through the fuel cell.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example configuration of one example fluid transport plate 14 .
  • FIG. 2 shows one side of such a plate.
  • the plurality of channels 36 are established on one side of the plate 14 .
  • the plate 14 has a length L and a width W that establishes a total area of the plate 14 .
  • At least two edges of the plate 14 in the view shown in FIG. 2 need to be sealed to control fluid distribution through the channels 36 and within the fuel cell into which the plate 14 is incorporated.
  • the seal areas are shown at 50 and have a dimension s along the length L.
  • the portions 50 of the plate 14 are dedicated to the sealing function of the fuel cell component and, therefore, are not available or useful for distributing fluid along the channels 36 . In other words, the portion 50 of the plate 12 is unavailable for the electrochemical reaction function.
  • FIGS. 3-5 illustrate an example configuration of an example fluid transport plate 12 .
  • FIG. 3 shows one side of an example fluid transport plate 12 .
  • FIG. 4 shows an opposite side of the same plate.
  • FIG. 5 is an end view schematically showing features of one portion of the example plate 12 .
  • Electrochemical reaction which is the example fuel cell function, requires distribution of one reactant via channels 32 shown in FIG. 3 and of the other reactant via channels 36 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the channels 32 direct reactant flow as schematically shown by the arrows 54 .
  • the intersection of the area on the plate 12 that is either occupied by or directly between the channels 32 and the area on the plate 14 that is either occupied by or directly between the channels 36 is considered an active area of the fuel cell 10 for the electrochemical reaction fuel cell function.
  • the active area does not occupy the total area established by the length L and width W of the plates 14 and 12 .
  • There are regions at the top and bottom of plate 14 which are rendered inactive by the absence of channels 36
  • there are regions at the left and right of plate 12 which are rendered inactive by the absence of channels 32 .
  • the sealing portions 50 have a dimension along the edge of the plate represented as s in the drawings. The dimension s multiplied by the overall length of the portion 50 establishes an area of the seal portion 50 , which is not available for the electrochemical reaction fuel cell function.
  • the coolant distribution channels 34 on the opposite side of the plate 12 as shown in FIG. 4 include an inlet at 60 and an outlet at 62 .
  • the channels 34 are configured to direct coolant flow as schematically shown by the arrows 64 along one side of the plate 12 .
  • the manner in which the channels 32 and 34 are provided on two edges of the plate 12 can be appreciated from FIG. 5 .
  • a manifold (not shown) directs the respective fluids in an intended manner. If the channels 32 and 34 overlapped at the edge shown in FIG. 5 , the fluids would be mixed, which is undesirable.
  • the presence of the inlet 60 and the outlet 62 results in the generally triangular regions or portions on the left and right (according to the drawing) sides of the plate 12 (as can best be appreciated from FIG. 3 ) that cannot be occupied by the channels 32 .
  • the dimension of the inlet and outlet 62 is represented in the drawings as c.
  • the dimension of the inlet 60 and outlet 62 contributes to a portion of the fuel cell plate 12 that cannot be used for the electrochemical reaction function. Instead, those portions of the example plate 12 are dedicated to a coolant distribution fuel cell function.
  • One example designed according to this invention includes using a gang-milling operation for cutting or machining a plurality of the channels 32 in the plate 12 simultaneously.
  • a gang-milling operation can significantly reduce the amount of time required for making the plate 12 , which reduces the cost associated with that fuel cell component.
  • the channels 32 have a relatively straightforward configuration (e.g., a set of straight-parallel channels in the illustrated example).
  • the disclosed example includes achieving a maximum active area of the fuel cell 10 by selecting an aspect ratio of the overall length L to the overall width W that maximizes the active area available (on the involved fuel cell components) for the selected fuel cell function (e.g., electrochemical reaction).
  • Maximizing the active area for the selected fuel cell function includes selecting a length L and a width W for the fuel cell component that satisfies the relationship of the aspect ratio r that depends upon the dimension c and the dimension s.
  • the overall dimensions of the fuel cell component are selected so that an aspect ratio of the length to the width is dependent on a dimension of a first portion of the total area that is not useable for the selected fuel cell function and a dimension of a second portion of the total area that is not useful for the selected fuel cell function.
  • the relationship includes the dimension c divided by the dimension s.
  • Selecting the overall dimensions of a fuel cell component based upon a relationship of dimensions of portions of the component that are not useful for a selected fuel cell function as described above maximizes the amount of area of the fuel cell component that is useful as an active area for that selected fuel cell function. This approach allows for using different manufacturing techniques, which may reduce the cost associated with a fuel cell component. Maximizing the amount of active area on the fuel cell component allows for realizing the benefits of reduced manufacturing costs without compromising or diminishing the effective performance available from such a component.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
US14/405,136 2012-06-05 2012-06-05 Fuel cell component having dimensions selected to maximize a useful area Active 2034-03-15 US9972850B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2012/040848 WO2014011140A2 (en) 2012-06-05 2012-06-05 Fuel cell component having dimensions selected to maximize a useful area

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US20150214558A1 US20150214558A1 (en) 2015-07-30
US9972850B2 true US9972850B2 (en) 2018-05-15

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US (1) US9972850B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2856544B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP6125001B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR101965473B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN104584294B (zh)
WO (1) WO2014011140A2 (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11108057B2 (en) * 2016-12-07 2021-08-31 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Bipolar plate, cell stack, and redox flow battery

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11139487B2 (en) * 2018-11-21 2021-10-05 Doosan Fuel Cell America, Inc. Fuel cell electrolyte reservoir

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US20040219410A1 (en) 2003-05-01 2004-11-04 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Fuel cell
US20050221154A1 (en) 2004-04-01 2005-10-06 Guthrie Robin J Fuel cell reactant flow fields that maximize planform utilization
WO2007011348A1 (en) 2005-07-15 2007-01-25 Utc Power Corporation Single plate pem fuel cell
WO2008016503A2 (en) 2006-08-02 2008-02-07 Corning Incorporated A solid oxide fuel cell device with an elongated seal geometry
JP2008047293A (ja) * 2006-08-10 2008-02-28 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池
US20080107944A1 (en) * 2006-11-03 2008-05-08 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Folded edge seal for reduced cost fuel cell
WO2010082934A1 (en) 2009-01-19 2010-07-22 Utc Power Corporation Fuel cell seal
US20100221641A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2010-09-02 Meyers Jeremy P Stabilized fuel cell flow field
US20110020722A1 (en) 2008-04-11 2011-01-27 Lake Jeffrey G Fuel cell and bipolar plate having manifold sump
US20110117469A1 (en) 2008-07-09 2011-05-19 Kanuri Sridhar V Fuel cell stack conditioned to operate safely with failed cells
WO2011093899A1 (en) * 2010-02-01 2011-08-04 Utc Power Corporation Fuel cell plate with recycled material

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JP5729682B2 (ja) 2012-05-29 2015-06-03 トヨタ自動車株式会社 燃料電池用セパレータ

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WO2001035477A1 (fr) 1999-11-08 2001-05-17 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Pile a combustible electrolytique polymerique
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JP2007533067A (ja) 2004-04-01 2007-11-15 ユーティーシー パワー コーポレイション 平面図形利用率を最大限にする燃料電池反応物流れ区域
WO2007011348A1 (en) 2005-07-15 2007-01-25 Utc Power Corporation Single plate pem fuel cell
US20100221641A1 (en) 2005-12-29 2010-09-02 Meyers Jeremy P Stabilized fuel cell flow field
WO2008016503A2 (en) 2006-08-02 2008-02-07 Corning Incorporated A solid oxide fuel cell device with an elongated seal geometry
JP2008047293A (ja) * 2006-08-10 2008-02-28 Nissan Motor Co Ltd 燃料電池
US20080107944A1 (en) * 2006-11-03 2008-05-08 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Folded edge seal for reduced cost fuel cell
US20110020722A1 (en) 2008-04-11 2011-01-27 Lake Jeffrey G Fuel cell and bipolar plate having manifold sump
US20110117469A1 (en) 2008-07-09 2011-05-19 Kanuri Sridhar V Fuel cell stack conditioned to operate safely with failed cells
WO2010082934A1 (en) 2009-01-19 2010-07-22 Utc Power Corporation Fuel cell seal
WO2011093899A1 (en) * 2010-02-01 2011-08-04 Utc Power Corporation Fuel cell plate with recycled material

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11108057B2 (en) * 2016-12-07 2021-08-31 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. Bipolar plate, cell stack, and redox flow battery

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Publication number Publication date
EP2856544A2 (en) 2015-04-08
KR101965473B1 (ko) 2019-08-13
EP2856544B1 (en) 2019-08-07
WO2014011140A3 (en) 2014-03-13
EP2856544A4 (en) 2016-01-20
JP6125001B2 (ja) 2017-05-10
CN104584294A (zh) 2015-04-29
WO2014011140A2 (en) 2014-01-16
US20150214558A1 (en) 2015-07-30
KR20150029657A (ko) 2015-03-18
JP2015519006A (ja) 2015-07-06
CN104584294B (zh) 2017-09-29

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