US9835362B2 - De-icing/defogging device for electrically propelled vehicles - Google Patents

De-icing/defogging device for electrically propelled vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
US9835362B2
US9835362B2 US14/008,579 US201214008579A US9835362B2 US 9835362 B2 US9835362 B2 US 9835362B2 US 201214008579 A US201214008579 A US 201214008579A US 9835362 B2 US9835362 B2 US 9835362B2
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Prior art keywords
coolant fluid
branch
defogging
battery
defrosting
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US14/008,579
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US20140130519A1 (en
Inventor
Georges De Pelsemaeker
Kamel Azzouz
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Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
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Valeo Systemes Thermiques SAS
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Assigned to VALEO SYSTEMES THERMIQUES reassignment VALEO SYSTEMES THERMIQUES ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: Azzouz, Kamel, DE PELSEMAEKER, GEORGES
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00478—Air-conditioning devices using the Peltier effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00492—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices comprising regenerative heating or cooling means, e.g. heat accumulators
    • B60H1/005—Regenerative cooling means, e.g. cold accumulators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device and method for defrosting/defogging a motor vehicle with a partially or totally electric traction system.
  • the air conditioning system is conventionally composed of a compressor, a condenser and an evaporator. It is generally designed to provide considerable amounts of cold so as to cool the whole atmosphere of the car interior. The power required for the operation of these systems is taken from the engine. Some of the fresh air produced by these air conditioning systems is also used for the defrosting/defogging of the vehicle's windows, the cooled air having lost some of its water vapor during the cooling and therefore being farther from the saturation point than uncooled air.
  • the present invention arose from the idea of separating the comfort functions, such as the air conditioning of the vehicle, from the safety functions such as defrosting/defogging, previously provided, in vehicles with heat engines, by a single system, namely the air conditioning system.
  • the problem may arise in a similar way, but to a lesser degree, in hybrid propulsion vehicles, that is to say vehicles propelled by a combination of a heat engine and an electrical machine.
  • the invention therefore proposes to provide defrosting/defogging of an electric vehicle by means of a device which can operate independently of the energy stored in the electric batteries for the propulsion of the vehicle or, failing this, by drawing the smallest possible amount of this energy.
  • the invention relates to a device for defogging and/or defrosting a motor vehicle with a partially or totally electric propulsion system, characterized in that said device comprises means for cooling a coolant fluid using at least one electric current source, and a thermal battery, said device being configured to allow, in certain phases, the cooling of said coolant fluid by said cooling means and the storage of cold from said coolant fluid in said battery, and, in other phases, the release of cold from said battery into said coolant fluid.
  • the defrosting/defogging no longer depends solely on the state of charge of the current source used.
  • the invention also relates to a method for defrosting/defogging a motor vehicle with a partially or totally electric propulsion system, characterized in that:
  • a heat exchanger is provided, through which said coolant fluid and a flow of air for the defrosting/defogging of said vehicle can pass, said exchanger enabling a heat exchange to be provided between said air flow and said coolant fluid, and:
  • said cooling means are composed of a thermoelectric cooling device, and the following are provided:
  • cold can then be stored in the thermal battery by making the fluid circulate in a serial manner through the charging branch and through the thermal source branch, while power is supplied to the thermoelectric cooling device, and no power is supplied to the fan.
  • thermoelectric cooling device In stationary mode, it is also possible to cool the fluid passing through the heat exchanger by making the fluid circulate in a serial manner through the thermal source branch and through the defrosting/defogging branch, while power is supplied to the thermoelectric cooling device and to the fan.
  • thermoelectric cooling device In drive mode, it is possible to cool the air passing through the heat exchanger by making the coolant fluid circulate in a serial manner through the thermal source branch and through the defrosting/defogging branch, while power is supplied to the fan and no power is supplied to the thermoelectric cooling device.
  • thermoelectric cooling device In drive mode, it is also possible to detect a discharged condition of the thermal battery, and to cool the air passing through the heat exchanger by making the coolant fluid circulate in a serial manner through the thermal source branch and through the defrosting/defogging branch, while power is supplied to the fan and to the thermoelectric cooling device.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the device according to the invention, in a first operating mode
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the device of FIG. 1 in a second operating mode
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the device of FIG. 1 in a third operating mode.
  • the defrosting/defogging device comprises means 1 for cooling a coolant fluid, for example water with added glycol, using at least one electric current source (not shown), and a thermal battery 2 forming a means for storing cold.
  • a coolant fluid for example water with added glycol
  • at least one electric current source not shown
  • a thermal battery 2 forming a means for storing cold.
  • said device is configured to allow, on the one hand, in certain phases, the cooling of said coolant fluid by said means 1 for cooling the coolant fluid and the extraction of cold from said coolant fluid for storage in said thermal battery, as shown in FIG. 1 , and, on the other hand, in other phases, a return of heat (in this case, a release of cold) from said thermal battery into said coolant fluid, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 .
  • the cooling means 1 are, for example, a thermoelectric cooling device, operating by the Peltier effect, which uses electrical energy to create temperature differences between two elements, one of which is heated while the other is cooled.
  • a system of this type is markedly more economical in terms of size and energy consumption than a conventional system for producing cold using an on-board cooling machine comprising a compressor, a condenser and an evaporator. It is more suitable for the function of drying the defrosting/defogging air, which it is desirable to provide in response to the stated technical problem.
  • this may be a latent heat battery.
  • a battery of this type is configured so that the coolant fluid can pass through it. It is also provided with a phase change material (PCM) encapsulated in the battery so that a heat exchange can take place between the PCM and the coolant fluid.
  • PCM phase change material
  • the PCM is chosen in such a way that, when the coolant liquid passes through the battery, and this liquid is provided in a sufficiently cold state, that is to say at a temperature below the PCM solidification temperature, the PCM solidifies and therefore surrenders heat by a phase change from liquid to solid, which is equivalent to storing cold.
  • the latent energy of phase change can also be used to cool the coolant fluid by making the latter circulate in the battery when it is at a temperature higher than the melting point of the PCM and the battery has stored sufficient cold.
  • the phase change material which is encapsulated in tubes in the thermal battery, is chosen so as to have a phase change temperature in the range from 0 to ⁇ 5° C., and preferably close to ⁇ 3.7° C., so as to provide a temperature in the heat exchanger within the range from 0 to 8° C.
  • the PCM must also have the highest possible latent heat of phase change in order to provide a high storage density.
  • the material preferred for use is a eutectic having a latent heat of 312 kJ/kg.
  • the device may further comprise a heat exchanger 3 , through which said coolant fluid and the flow of air to be dehumidified can pass, said exchanger enabling a heat exchange to be provided between the defrosting/defogging air and said coolant fluid.
  • the exchanger may be, for example, a cold exchanger of the tube and spacer type, that is to say one comprising a bundle of parallel tubes through which said coolant fluid flows, said tubes being connected at their ends to manifolds which each have an inlet and an outlet for the coolant fluid.
  • Spacers, through which the air flow passes, are provided between the tubes. Said tubes and spacers are configured to cool the air flow which contacts the spacers, using the cold circulating in the tubes.
  • Said device can be placed in a housing of an air conditioning system (not shown), with a fan or blower 9 , enabling an air flow to be forced through said exchanger for use in defrosting/defogging.
  • said device according to the invention comprises three branches for the circulation of said coolant fluid.
  • the first branch 4 comprises the means 1 for cooling the coolant fluid and the thermal battery 2 in series. It may also comprise a pump 5 for the circulation of said coolant fluid, for example a pump fitted in series with the thermal battery 2 and the cooling means 1 , notably in this order.
  • the second branch 6 comprises said heat exchanger 3 .
  • Said device further comprises means 7 for controlling the circulation of the coolant fluid in each of said branches, for the selective provision of:
  • the control means may be, for example, a three-way valve, each of said branches being connected to one of the channels of the three-way valve at one of its ends 4 a , 6 a , 8 a .
  • Said branches 4 , 6 , 8 are also interconnected at a common point 10 placed at their ends 4 b , 6 b , 8 b.
  • Said device is configured to allow the total or partial application of the method according to the invention, which is described below.
  • cold from said coolant fluid is stored in said battery 2 while said coolant fluid is cooled by said cooling means 1 , as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • the coolant fluid is cooled by releasing cold from said battery 2 , as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 .
  • the coolant fluid circulates through said cooling means 1 .
  • the thermal battery 2 is constantly connected to said cooling means 1 and can be positioned upstream of said cooling means 1 , according to the direction of flow of the coolant fluid in the thermal source branch 4 , as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 .
  • the air flow for defrosting/defogging can be cooled by making the coolant fluid circulate through said battery 2 and said exchanger 3 , as shown in FIG. 2 .
  • a mode in which the vehicle is connected to a domestic electricity supply called the stationary mode
  • a mode in which the propulsion system of the vehicle is active called the drive mode
  • said cooling means 1 are supplied with power from said domestic electricity supply to cool said coolant fluid, as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • domestic electricity supply signifies, for example, the low-tension electric supply of a residence or charging station, such as a three-phase alternating electricity supply providing electric current at 220 V to 240 V and at 50 or 60 Hz between phase and neutral.
  • said cooling means 1 can be supplied with power from a current source on the vehicle, notably a current source included in the vehicle propulsion system.
  • This source may be a high-tension electricity system of the vehicle, for example a system providing power at 400 V d.c. and connecting the electric machine which propels the vehicle to batteries known as traction batteries. It may also be a low-tension electricity system of the vehicle, for example a system providing power at 12 V d.c. and serving to supply various electrical components of the vehicle from a low-tension battery.
  • the various pieces of electrical equipment included in the defrosting/defogging device according to the invention may be supplied from said domestic current source, whereas in drive mode they are supplied from said vehicle current source.
  • cold in stationary mode, cold can initially be stored in the thermal battery 2 by making the fluid circulate in a serial manner through the charging branch 8 and through the thermal source branch 4 , notably through the three-way valve 7 , whose channels connected to said branches 4 , 8 are set to be open, while the channel of said valve 7 connected to the defrosting/defogging branch 6 is closed.
  • the cooling means 1 are supplied with power from the domestic current source, whereas no power is supplied to the fan 3 .
  • the pump 5 is also supplied from the domestic current source.
  • the defrosting/defogging air can be cooled by cooling the air passing through the heat exchanger 3 by circulating the coolant fluid through the thermal source branch 4 and through the defrosting/defogging branch 6 , notably through the three-way valve 7 , whose channels connected to said branches 4 , 6 are set to be open, while the channel of said valve 7 connected to the charging branch 8 is closed.
  • the pump 5 and, if necessary, the fan 9 are supplied with power, whereas no power is supplied to the cooling means 1 .
  • the current drawn from the electric batteries is minimized, while the cold released from the thermal battery 2 is used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
US14/008,579 2011-03-31 2012-03-30 De-icing/defogging device for electrically propelled vehicles Active 2033-02-26 US9835362B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1152691A FR2973311B1 (fr) 2011-03-31 2011-03-31 Dispositif et procede de degivrage / desembuage pour vehicule a propulsion electrique
FR1152691 2011-03-31
PCT/EP2012/055809 WO2012131047A1 (fr) 2011-03-31 2012-03-30 Dispositif et procédé de dégivrage / désembuage pour véhicule a propulsion électrique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20140130519A1 US20140130519A1 (en) 2014-05-15
US9835362B2 true US9835362B2 (en) 2017-12-05

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US14/008,579 Active 2033-02-26 US9835362B2 (en) 2011-03-31 2012-03-30 De-icing/defogging device for electrically propelled vehicles

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US (1) US9835362B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2691250B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP6195820B2 (zh)
CN (1) CN103747970B (zh)
FR (1) FR2973311B1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2012131047A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2836781A4 (en) * 2012-03-06 2016-01-20 Mestek Inc EVAPORATING COOLING SYSTEM AND DEVICE
US11248830B2 (en) * 2014-04-04 2022-02-15 Sunwell Engineering Company Limited Storage unit for maintaining a generally constant temperature
CN108317766A (zh) * 2018-01-17 2018-07-24 深圳创维空调科技有限公司 一种电动大巴的空调系统及电动大巴
US20230113329A1 (en) * 2021-10-08 2023-04-13 Paccar Inc Thermoelectric cooling and heating system for non-idling vehicle

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US20040159119A1 (en) * 2003-02-19 2004-08-19 The Boeing Company System and method of refrigerating at least one enclosure
US20050167169A1 (en) * 2004-02-04 2005-08-04 Gering Kevin L. Thermal management systems and methods
US20050284153A1 (en) * 2004-06-24 2005-12-29 Price Donald C Method and system for cooling
US20060225441A1 (en) 2005-04-08 2006-10-12 Goenka Lakhi N Thermoelectric-based heating and cooling system
US20070017666A1 (en) * 2005-07-19 2007-01-25 Goenka Lakhi N Energy management system for a hybrid-electric vehicle
US20070033951A1 (en) 2005-07-19 2007-02-15 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Thermoelectric based heating and cooling system for a hybrid-electric vehicle
EP2239158A1 (en) 2009-04-09 2010-10-13 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Vehicle air conditioner
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US20040159119A1 (en) * 2003-02-19 2004-08-19 The Boeing Company System and method of refrigerating at least one enclosure
US20050167169A1 (en) * 2004-02-04 2005-08-04 Gering Kevin L. Thermal management systems and methods
US20050284153A1 (en) * 2004-06-24 2005-12-29 Price Donald C Method and system for cooling
US20060225441A1 (en) 2005-04-08 2006-10-12 Goenka Lakhi N Thermoelectric-based heating and cooling system
US20070017666A1 (en) * 2005-07-19 2007-01-25 Goenka Lakhi N Energy management system for a hybrid-electric vehicle
US20070033951A1 (en) 2005-07-19 2007-02-15 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Thermoelectric based heating and cooling system for a hybrid-electric vehicle
EP2239158A1 (en) 2009-04-09 2010-10-13 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Vehicle air conditioner
US20100274396A1 (en) * 2009-04-24 2010-10-28 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Thermoelectric climate control
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2691250B1 (fr) 2019-04-10
FR2973311A1 (fr) 2012-10-05
CN103747970A (zh) 2014-04-23
JP2014509577A (ja) 2014-04-21
CN103747970B (zh) 2017-09-01
US20140130519A1 (en) 2014-05-15
JP6195820B2 (ja) 2017-09-13
WO2012131047A1 (fr) 2012-10-04
EP2691250A1 (fr) 2014-02-05
FR2973311B1 (fr) 2017-09-01

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