US9386671B2 - Method and control circuit for starting a gas-discharge lamp - Google Patents

Method and control circuit for starting a gas-discharge lamp Download PDF

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US9386671B2
US9386671B2 US13/641,522 US201113641522A US9386671B2 US 9386671 B2 US9386671 B2 US 9386671B2 US 201113641522 A US201113641522 A US 201113641522A US 9386671 B2 US9386671 B2 US 9386671B2
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switch
discharge
current
gas
booster capacitor
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US20130214694A1 (en
Inventor
Peter Kluetz
Ruediger Laubenstein
Christian Johann
Bjoern Moosmann
Michael Herrmann
Matthias Roder
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Marelli Automotive Lighting Reutlingen Germany GmbH
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Automotive Lighting Reutlingen GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/02—Details
    • H05B41/04—Starting switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • H05B41/288—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps without preheating electrodes, e.g. for high-intensity discharge lamps, high-pressure mercury or sodium lamps or low-pressure sodium lamps
    • H05B41/2881—Load circuits; Control thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/36—Controlling
    • H05B41/38—Controlling the intensity of light
    • H05B41/382—Controlling the intensity of light during the transitional start-up phase
    • H05B41/388—Controlling the intensity of light during the transitional start-up phase for a transition from glow to arc
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and control circuit for, in general, starting a gas-discharge lamp and, in particular, operating the lamp in a transition from a “deactivated” state without an electric arc to a stable “light-generating” state.
  • a method for operating a gas-discharge lamp in a transition from a “deactivated” state without an electric arc to a stable “light-generating” state and a corresponding control circuit are known per se.
  • a gas-discharge lamp in particular, one to be used in gas-discharge lamps of lighting apparatuses designed for motor vehicles used on roads—an electric arc between two electrodes is generated in a glass bulb filled with gas.
  • numerous phases can be distinguished—designated as the “ignition,” “acquisition,” and “start-up.” At this point, the normal operating state with a stably burning electric arc follows.
  • an ignition-voltage impulse is applied to the electrodes.
  • the ignition-voltage impulse is very short and leads to an ionization of gas particles in the electric field between the electrodes.
  • the extent of the impulse-like ignition voltage for typical commercial gas-discharge lamps for motor vehicle headlamps is between 20 kV and 30 kV.
  • a phase designated as the “acquisition” energy stored in a booster capacitor is used to subsequently accelerate the ionized gas particles to the extent that, by impact ionization, snowballing charge breakdown is established between the electrodes, which ignites the electric arc, and the arc is sustained.
  • the voltage of the booster capacitor decreases to a lamp voltage that can be adjusted for stable operation. For lamps containing Hg, this is about 80 V. Lamps not containing Hg are operated with a lamp voltage of 43 V. It is generally accepted that the lamp voltage can be between 30 V and 120 V, depending on the design of the lamp.
  • the “acquisition” phase lasts, for example, for a few hundred microseconds.
  • the starting-up of the gas-discharge lamp occurs with a temporary “direct current” operation, which serves to heat the electrodes quickly.
  • a typical duration, of a “direct current” operation lasts for 50 milliseconds.
  • a second “direct current” phase of the same length follows a first “direct current” phase and has a reversed polarity.
  • the gas-discharge lamp is operated in the normal operating state with an alternating current having a frequency of 250 Hz to 800 Hz—in particular, at about 400 Hz—and a value for the lamp voltage between the two electrodes dependent on the design of the lamp, which lies between 30 V and 120 V.
  • the operation with alternating current serves to establish a limiting of a loss of contact material in the electrode.
  • the invention concerns the discharge of the booster capacitor in the phase designated as the “acquisition” with which the energy is made available for the snowballing breakdown resulting from a charge acceleration and impact ionization.
  • acquisition indicates the transition to the electric arc.
  • the acquisition behavior of gas-discharge lamps depends on, among other things, the quantity of energy made available during the “acquisition” phase. For a reliably reproducible acquisition (i.e., reliably resulting buildup of the electric arc), it is necessary that the time period of the current flow of the discharge current from the booster capacitor exceeds a predetermined minimum value and the current of the discharge current neither falls below a predetermined minimum value during this time period nor exceeds a predetermined maximum value.
  • the limiting to a maximum value serves to protect the gas-discharge lamp and circuit components conducting the discharge current from an unacceptable high current load. Not falling below the minimum value and time period, on the other hand, is necessary for preventing an extinguishing of the electric arc after the discharging of the booster capacitor.
  • the booster capacitor In the transition from the “non-activated” state (without an electric arc) to a state of the gas-discharge lamp in which a stable light is generated, the booster capacitor is discharged by a current pathway in the “acquisition” phase following the ignition-voltage impulse that flows through the current flowing through the gas-discharge lamp and in which an inductor having at least one circuit is disposed in series.
  • the inductor is formed from the secondary inductor of an ignition transformer that provides the ignition impulse, and the discharge current flows through a discharge resistor connected in series to the booster capacitor.
  • the booster capacitor serves, thereby, as an energy source in a series connection arising from the discharge resistor and gas-discharge lamp.
  • the discharge resistor increases, thereby, the resistance in the discharge-current circuit, which increases the discharge time period and reduces the extent of the discharge current.
  • the energy stored in the booster capacitor is distributed during the discharge in relation to the impedances from the discharge resistor and gas-discharge lamp to the discharge resistor and gas-discharge lamp.
  • the portion of energy for the discharge resistor is transformed to heat therein and is, thereby, made unavailable for the build-up and sustaining of the electric arc.
  • the energy portion has a lower value in comparison with the discharge resistor such that the major portion of the stored energy in the discharge resistor is converted to heat such that it serves no purpose.
  • a suitable dimensioning of the discharge resistor is characterized as being technically and economically difficult primarily by an increased ambient temperature of the resistors from 150° C.
  • the invention overcomes disadvantages in the related art in a method for operating a gas-discharge lamp in a transition from a “deactivated” state without an electric arc to a stable “light-generating” state.
  • the method comprises steps of discharging a booster capacitor in an “acquisition” phase following an ignition-voltage impulse via a current path that conducts a current flowing through the gas-discharge lamp and in which an inductor having at least one switch lies in series and cyclically discharging the booster capacitor by a repeated alternating closing and opening of the switch.
  • the invention overcomes disadvantages in the related art in also a control circuit equipped for operation of a gas-discharge lamp in a transition from a “deactivated” state without an electric arc to a stable “light-generating” state.
  • the control circuit comprises a booster capacitor that is adapted to be discharged in an “acquisition” phase following an ignition-voltage impulse via a current path that conducts a current flowing through the gas-discharge lamp and in which an inductor having at least one switch lies in series and cyclically discharged by a repeated alternating closing and opening of the switch.
  • the invention provides that the booster capacitor is discharged cyclically by a repeated alternating closing and opening of the switch.
  • the control circuit is designed to be able to discharge the booster capacitor cyclically by a repeated alternating closing and opening of the switch.
  • the inductor does not irreversibly convert the occurring portion of the energy stored in the booster capacitor to heat (but, rather, in a reversible manner, to magnetic-field energy that is used during the opening of the switch for maintaining the current flow through the gas-discharge lamp even when the switch is open. As a result, the current flow through the lamp when the switch is open only sounds as if it is delayed.
  • the result is the advantage that a largest possible portion of the energy stored in the booster capacitor is available for the acquisition (i.e., energy is available for the releasing of a snowballing breakdown and generation of a stable electric arc between the electrodes of the gas-discharge lamp).
  • a larger portion of the energy stored in the booster capacitor is transferred to the gas-discharge lamp than with the related art.
  • the structural components involved are exposed to a lower thermal lead in comparison with the discharge resistors of the related art and can be dimensioned for a lower current-load capacity and, thereby, made in smaller sizes and less expensively.
  • the booster capacitor can also be reduced in size due to the better utilization of energy.
  • other types of capacitors such as electrolyte or ceramic-layer capacitors—can also be used.
  • Ceramic capacitors One disadvantage of ceramic capacitors is that, with high voltages, they display less than 40% of their capacity at low voltage values. Through the greater efficiency of the cyclical discharge, this can be compensated for.
  • the discharge current increases directly after the ignition more quickly than with the related art. This has a positive effect on the acquisition performance.
  • the significantly higher average acquisition current during a hot ignition has a positive effect on the hot-ignition performance.
  • the possibility for influencing the temporal course of the acquisition current by changing the cyclical frequency and/or its duty cycle also presents an advantage.
  • the temporal control of the cyclical booster discharge is basically possible without extensive additional circuitry by a temporally controlled pulse relay.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a first embodiment of a control circuit according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a course of discharge current of a booster capacitor with circuits according to the related art and invention for purpose of clarification of an embodiment of a method according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a second embodiment of the control circuit according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a control circuit 10 connected by circuit points 12 , 14 to a gas-discharge lamp 16 and circuit points 18 , 20 to an electric-power source 22 .
  • the gas-discharge lamp 16 is designed for a motor-vehicle lighting device—in particular, a lamp of the type D 1 , D 3 , or D 5 having an integrated ignition device.
  • the invention can, however, also be used with lamps of the type D 2 , D 4 , or D 6 having external ignition devices.
  • the electric-power source 22 is a power or current source in the electric wiring system of the motor vehicle (e.g., a motor-vehicle battery).
  • the gas-discharge lamp 16 has a lamp 24 (i.e., glass bulb filled with gas) having two electrodes and an integrated ignition device of which FIG. 1 shows a secondary inductor 26 of an ignition transformer.
  • the secondary inductor 26 is connected in series in the current path between the circuit points 12 , 14 and equipped to generate an ignition-voltage impulse of numerous kilovolts—in particular, 20 kV to 30 kV—as a reaction to a corresponding excitation by a magnetic field of a primary coil of the ignition transformer (not shown).
  • the current flow through the lamp 24 is controlled by a control module 27 of the control circuit 10 that closes, for this purpose, various current paths running through the switches S 1 -S 5 .
  • a “DC/DC” converter charges the capacitors C 1 , C 2 prior to an activation of the gas-discharge lamp 16 to a first value of a voltage U 1 and makes available a stable value of the voltage U 1 for a stably burning electric arc of the gas-discharge lamp 16 .
  • the control module 27 is equipped to be able to control the course of the method according to the invention or one of its embodiments.
  • the control module 27 is an integrated electric circuit having computing and storage capacities programmed for controlling a method of this type.
  • the first value is about 400 V.
  • the second value the lamp voltage (depending on the design of the lamp)—is between 30 V and 120 V.
  • the voltage U 1 with respect to the ground 30 is negative.
  • the principle of the depicted circuit can also, however, be used, with positive voltages U 1 .
  • the free-wheeling diodes D 1 , D 2 , D 3 , D 4 , D 5 are to be connected in the reverse direction.
  • the capacitor C 2 is the booster capacitor.
  • the capacitor C 1 is a smoothing capacitor.
  • the resistor R 1 is a charging resistor for the booster capacitor C 2 and bypassed when the switch S 5 is closed. For this reason, it does not carry the discharge current and, thus, is not comparable with the discharge resistor from the related art, which conducts the discharge current therein, and, thereby, converts the energy stored in the booster capacitor C 2 to heat.
  • the discharge resistor in the embodiment depicted in FIG. 1 of a control circuit 10 is replaced by the inductor L 1 together with the switch S 5 lying in series with the inductor L 1 in the discharge current path as well as a control module 27 that cyclically opens and closes the switch S 5 .
  • the switches S 5 , S 1 , S 4 are closed in a first method step prior to the ignition.
  • the switches S 2 , S 3 are open.
  • the gas-discharge lamp 16 is capable of conducting a current between its two electrodes.
  • the voltage U 1 breaks down.
  • the U 1 -side upper end of the inductor L 1 is positive with respect to the C 2 -side lower end such that it establishes a voltage via the inductor L 1 .
  • the voltage drives a current through the inductor L 1 , which is fed from the booster capacitor C 2 .
  • the charge and, thereby, stored energy of the booster capacitor C 2 is reduced.
  • the energy loss of the booster capacitor C 2 is distributed to the gas-discharge lamp 16 and magnetic field of the inductor L 1 .
  • a switch in the discharge circuit for example, the switch S 5 —is reopened in an additional method step.
  • the magnetic field of the inductor L 1 then breaks down, which leads, by the inductance, to the current flow only returning in a delayed manner through the inductor L 1 , wherein the current flows-off to the reference potential via the free-wheeling diode D 1 when the switch S 5 is open.
  • the switch S 5 is again closed in another method step.
  • the discharge current again increases, a magnetic field is built up, and so on.
  • a cyclical discharge of the booster capacitor C 2 occurs in which the larger portion of the capacitive stored energy can be used within the “acquisition” phase for the generation and stabilization of the electric arc in the lamp 24 .
  • the acquisition current flowing through the lamp can be freely set within the given limits such that a predetermined maximum value is not exceeded and the current does not fall below a minimum value dependent on the time range, which is necessary for sustaining the electric arc.
  • This basic principle may be used for positive as well as negative values of the output voltage U 1 of the “DC/DC” converter.
  • the control circuit 10 is equipped for negative values from U 1 .
  • the free-wheeling diodes D 1 , D 2 , D 3 , D 4 , D 5 must be incorporated with the polarity reversed.
  • FIG. 2 shows (in a qualitative form) a course 32 of the discharge current over time for the related art in comparison, with a course 34 that would be obtained by a control circuit according to the invention in connection with the method according to the invention.
  • the discharge current increases first to (in principle) an unfavorably high maximum value to subsequently fall-off in a comparably fast manner.
  • the increase (which, in deviating from the depiction in FIG. 2 also is steeper at first and, therefore, can occur more quickly than the increase 32 ), in contrast, is interrupted at a lower value than the maximum value of the course 32 by the opening of a switch lying in series with the inductor L 1 in the discharge-current path. Subsequently, this switch is cyclically opened and closed again such that (in a qualitative manner) the illustrated current profile 34 results with which an average current level is maintained over a comparably longer time period than with the course 32 . For a reliable acquisition performance, it is favorable that the average current level is maintained for at least about 300 ⁇ s, and, thereby, a discharge current flows at about 3 A.
  • the start-up of the gas-discharge lamp follows the discharge of the “acquisition” phase connected to the booster capacitor C 2 with a temporary “direct current” operation.
  • a typical length of a “direct current” phase is 50 ms.
  • a first “direct current” phase is normally followed by a second “direct current” phase of the same length with reversed polarity.
  • the gas-discharge lamp is operated in the normal operating state with an alternating-current voltage having a frequency of 250 Hz to 800 Hz—in particular, at about 400 Hz—and a lamp voltage between the two electrodes that, depending on the design of the lamp, lies between 30 V and 120 V.
  • an alternating switching occurs between a current flow (occurring via the switches S 4 , S 1 ) and an alternative current flow (occurring via the switches S 3 , S 2 of the H-bridge from the switches S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , S 4 ).
  • the switching occurs by the control module 27 , which accordingly opens and closes the switches.
  • the switches S 1 -S 5 are, in an embodiment, transistors.
  • the operation with alternating-current voltage serves for a limiting of loss of contact material in the electrodes. This applies analogously to the subject matter of FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 3 shows a control circuit 110 as a second embodiment of a control circuit according to the invention.
  • the control circuit 110 differs from the control circuit 10 of FIG. 1 in that the control circuit 110 functions without a separate inductor L 1 and separate switch S 5 for the cyclical discharge of the booster capacitor C 2 .
  • the secondary inductor 20 of the ignition transformer as well as at least one of the switches S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , S 4 forming the H-bridge serve for the cyclical discharge of the booster capacitor C 2 .
  • the circuit 110 functions in the manner described below.
  • the switches S 1 , S 4 are closed for the ignition.
  • the switches S 2 , S 3 are open.
  • the built-up voltage U 1 of the “DC/DC” converter 28 breaks down due to the current flow through the lamp 24 caused by the electric arc. This leads to a voltage difference through the decoupling diode D 1 , which starts to conduct.
  • the parallel circuitry from the smoothing capacitor C 1 , booster capacitor C 2 , and, therefore, the entire output voltage U 1 via the H-bridge is directly applied to the ignition portion. This causes an increase in the current over time through the lamp 24 and secondary inductor 26 of the ignition transformer.
  • the secondary inductor 26 then drives the current farther through the free-wheeling diode D 3 of the potential-wise lower, open H-bridge switch S 2 , and the closed potential-wise lower H-bridge switch S 1 again drives the current through the gas-discharge lamp 16 .
  • the current through the gas-discharge lamp 16 begins to decrease.
  • the previously open switch S 4 of the H-bridge is again closed.
  • the current through the gas-discharge lamp 16 and, therefore, both through the lamp 24 as well as the secondary inductor 26 again begins to increase.
  • Another embodiment provides that only the potential-wise lower current-conducting H-bridge switch S 1 is opened.
  • the secondary inductor 26 drives the current farther through the free-wheeling diode D 4 of the potential-wise upper, open H-bridge switch S 3 and closed potential-wise upper H-bridge switch S 4 farther through the gas-discharge lamp 16 .
  • There is no voltage surge to the smoothing capacitor C 1 because the circuit is closed.
  • the current through the inductor 26 or lamp 24 begins to fall off.
  • the previously open switch S 1 of the H-bridge is again closed.
  • the current through the lamp 24 and secondary inductor 26 again begins to increase.
  • the acquisition current flowing through the gas-discharge lamp 16 can be freely set within the predetermined limits by the selection of an appropriate “on” and “off” switching time of the switch S 4 or switches S 1 , S 4 .
  • the maximum value is not exceeded, and the current does not fall below the time-range-dependent minimum value necessary for sustaining the electric arc.
  • a time control of this type is obtained by a corresponding programming or circuit-wise implementation of the control circuit that is used. This applies independently of the specific embodiment depicted in FIG. 1 .
  • control circuit 110 which uses the secondary inductor 26 of the ignition circuit, the separate inductor L 1 and switch S 5 used in the control circuit 10 can be eliminated.
  • the basic principle of the control circuits 10 , 110 may be used for both positive as well as negative output voltages U 1 of the “DC/DC” converter 28 .
  • the control circuit 126 With the depicted connection direction of the diodes D 1 -D 5 , the control circuit 126 is equipped for negative values of the output voltage U 1 of the “DC/DC” converter 28 with respect to the ground 30 .
  • the decoupling diode D 1 and free-wheeling diodes D 2 , D 3 , D 4 , D 5 are to be connected with reversed flow and reverse biasing.
  • control circuit 110 functions according to the same basic principle of the cyclical discharge in connection with an inductive-energy storage as that of the control circuit 10 .
  • the design of the embodiments of the control module 26 in FIG. 1 also applies to the control module 126 in FIG. 3 .
  • One embodiment of the method provides that the current level of the discharge current is measured and the at least one switch is then opened if the current level exceeds a predetermined first threshold value and closed if the current level falls below a predetermined second threshold value.
  • the first threshold value in an embodiment is determined as the sum of a predetermined reference value and portion of a predetermined fluctuation range
  • the second threshold value is determined as the difference of the reference value and a predetermined second threshold value
  • a hysteresis behavior is generated.
  • the acquisition current through the lamp is recorded by a measurement device and compared to a reference signal.
  • the measurement device is implemented in FIG. 3 by a measurement resistor 36 in connection with an evaluation of the voltage by the measurement resistor 36 in the control module 126 .
  • another embodiment provides that the circuit according to FIG. 1 has a measurement resistor 36 of this type in connection with a control module 27 equipped for voltage measurement.
  • the switch S 5 in the control circuit 10 from FIG. 1 , switch S 4 , or switches S 1 , S 4 in the control circuit 110 in FIG. 3 is/arc switched “off” when the sum of the reference value and a portion (e.g., one half) of the hysteresis has been reached. If the value falls below the reference value minus the portion of the hysteresis, the switch or switches is/are again activated. The result is an average current flow that is proportional to the reference value.
  • the reference value can also be determined dependent on other parameters (such as the output voltage U 1 of the “DC/DC” converter 28 and/or residual voltage U 2 of the booster capacitor C 2 ), or it may be controlled in an arbitrary manner by a suitable control software. In this manner, it is possible to ensure a sufficient current flow through the gas-discharge lamp 16 over the course of a longer time period.
  • the at least one switch using a frequency and fixed duty cycle, is opened and closed.
  • the switch S 5 in the control circuit 10 , switch S 4 , or switches S 1 , S 4 in the control circuit 110 is/are controlled with a suitable fixed frequency and suitable fixed duty cycle.
  • the current through the gas-discharge lamp 16 is limited to the maximum acceptable value.
  • the activated current automatically decreases with a fixed duty cycle and fixed frequency, resulting in a temporally decreasing acquisition current through the gas-discharge lamp 16 . In this manner, it is also possible to ensure a sufficient current flow through the gas-discharge lamp 16 over the course of a longer time period.
  • An alternative embodiment provides for a control with a variable frequency and/or variable duty cycle.
  • the switch S 5 in the control circuit 10 , switch S 4 , or switches S 1 , S 4 in the control circuit 110 is/are controlled with a variable frequency and/or suitable variable duty cycle.
  • the suitable control of the duty cycle and/or frequency makes it possible to influence in an arbitrary manner the acquisition current over the course of time. In this manner, it is also possible to ensure a sufficient current flow through the gas-discharge lamp over a longer time period.
  • variable-control frequencies and/or variable duty cycles In comparison with a control using a fixed frequency and fixed duty cycle, with variable-control frequencies and/or variable duty cycles, a greater degree of freedom in the temporal course of the acquisition current is obtained. In contrast to control with a fixed frequency and fixed duty cycle, for example, it is also possible to regulate a constant value of the discharge current to a temporal average.

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US13/641,522 2010-04-27 2011-04-13 Method and control circuit for starting a gas-discharge lamp Active 2032-06-05 US9386671B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010018325 2010-04-27
DE102010018325A DE102010018325A1 (de) 2010-04-27 2010-04-27 Verfahren und Ansteuerschaltung für den Start einer Gasentladungslampe
DE102010018325.3 2010-04-27
PCT/EP2011/055831 WO2011134796A2 (de) 2010-04-27 2011-04-13 Verfahren und ansteuerschaltung für den start einer gasentladungslampe

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US9386671B2 true US9386671B2 (en) 2016-07-05

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EP (1) EP2564674B1 (ko)
JP (1) JP5775150B2 (ko)
KR (1) KR102045578B1 (ko)
CN (1) CN102860135B (ko)
DE (1) DE102010018325A1 (ko)
WO (1) WO2011134796A2 (ko)

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DE102010018325A1 (de) * 2010-04-27 2011-10-27 Automotive Lighting Reutlingen Gmbh Verfahren und Ansteuerschaltung für den Start einer Gasentladungslampe
DE102011089553A1 (de) * 2011-12-22 2013-06-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektronisches Vorschaltgerät für eine Gasentladungslampe
US10207363B2 (en) * 2014-03-24 2019-02-19 James Eldon Craig Additive manufacturing temperature controller/sensor apparatus and method of use thereof
US10349504B2 (en) 2014-11-14 2019-07-09 Profoto Ab Flash generator for a flash tube

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WO2011134796A2 (de) 2011-11-03
JP5775150B2 (ja) 2015-09-09
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KR20130066624A (ko) 2013-06-20
US20130214694A1 (en) 2013-08-22
CN102860135B (zh) 2015-10-07
EP2564674A2 (de) 2013-03-06
JP2013525983A (ja) 2013-06-20
DE102010018325A1 (de) 2011-10-27
CN102860135A (zh) 2013-01-02
WO2011134796A3 (de) 2012-06-28

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