US9361485B2 - Transmission device and sensor system - Google Patents

Transmission device and sensor system Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US9361485B2
US9361485B2 US13/950,109 US201313950109A US9361485B2 US 9361485 B2 US9361485 B2 US 9361485B2 US 201313950109 A US201313950109 A US 201313950109A US 9361485 B2 US9361485 B2 US 9361485B2
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
measurement signal
signal
ended
differential
measurement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related, expires
Application number
US13/950,109
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
US20140028373A1 (en
Inventor
Matthias VOELKER
Johann Hauer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Assigned to FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V. reassignment FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG E.V. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HAUER, JOHANN, VOELKER, MATTHIAS
Publication of US20140028373A1 publication Critical patent/US20140028373A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US9361485B2 publication Critical patent/US9361485B2/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Adjusted expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06G—ANALOGUE COMPUTERS
    • G06G7/00—Devices in which the computing operation is performed by varying electric or magnetic quantities
    • G06G7/12—Arrangements for performing computing operations, e.g. operational amplifiers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D1/00—Measuring arrangements giving results other than momentary value of variable, of general application
    • G01D1/10—Measuring arrangements giving results other than momentary value of variable, of general application giving differentiated values
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q9/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2209/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems
    • H04Q2209/80—Arrangements in the sub-station, i.e. sensing device
    • H04Q2209/84—Measuring functions

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to a transmission device for two electric impulse measurement signals and to a sensor system.
  • a sensor system may be a photodiode array or a pixel array, for example of a positron emission tomography system for gamma ray detection in medical technology. Every pixel of the pixel array or in general every sensor element outputs a measurement signal when registering a measured quantity or value, e.g. as a result of light incidence or a light pulse. With such applications the measurement signal typically is a so-called single-ended measurement signal.
  • a single-ended measurement signal is an electric signal, like, e.g., a current signal relating to a determined reference signal, like, e.g., a mass signal (applied to a mass conductor), and which may be transmitted using one single signal conductor.
  • a differential measurement signal transmits the respective signal information on the measured quantity using two signal conductors, wherein the actual signal is a voltage difference or current difference between a first signal portion (transmitted via the first signal conductor) and a second signal portion (transmitted via the second signal conductor). It has no effect on the voltage difference here (on signal information) if, for example, the average value of the first and second signal portions varies due to external interferences which makes the differential measurement signal very resistant to interferences.
  • the singled ended measurement signal of the individual sensor element is converted into a differential measurement signal.
  • circuits or members for such a conversion like, e.g., a single-ended-to-differential converter (explicit circuit).
  • a differential amplifier may be used in this respect comprising typically at least two input transistors which contribute to noise in signal processing and increase the total energy demand.
  • a sensor system may have a plurality of sensor elements each providing pulse-shaped single-ended measurement signals; and at least two single-ended-to-differential converters, wherein each may have a first measurement signal input for receiving a first single-ended measurement signal and a second measurement signal input for receiving a second single-ended measurement signal; a differential measurement signal output; and a signal converter which is implemented to convert the two single-ended measurement signals into a differential measurement signal, wherein the differential measurement signal has a first and a second differential portion as two output signals on two signal lines, and wherein the first portion or the first output signal is derived from the difference of the two input signals, and the second portion or the second output signal is derived from the inverted difference of the two input signals, wherein a first sensor element is connected to a first of the two measurement signal inputs of the first single-ended-to-differential converter and a second sensor element is connected to a first of the two measurement signal inputs of the second single-ended-to-differential converter, and wherein
  • a single-ended-to-differential converter may be used for transmitting two electric pulse-shaped single-ended measurement signals, wherein in the single-ended-to-differential converter the first single-ended measurement signal is received via a first measurement signal input and the second single-ended measurement signal via a second measurement signal input; and wherein in the single-ended-to-differential converter the two single-ended measurement signals are converted into a differential measurement signal, so that the differential measurement signal has a first and a second differential portion as two output signals on two signal lines, and wherein the first portion or the first output signal is derived from the difference of the two input signals, and the second portion or the second output signal is derived from the inverted difference of the two input signals.
  • a method for transmitting two electric pulse-shaped single-ended measurement signals may have the steps of receiving the first single-ended measurement signal via a first measurement signal input and the second single-ended measurement signal via a second measurement signal input of the single-ended-to-differential converter; and in the single-ended-to-differential converter, converting the two single-ended measurement signals into a differential measurement signal, so that the differential measurement signal has a first and a second differential portion as two output signals on two signal lines, and wherein the first portion or the first output signal is derived from the difference of the two input signals, and the second portion or the second output signal is derived from the inverted difference of the two input signals.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a transmission device for two electric impulse measurement signals having a first and second measurement signal input, a differential measurement signal output and a signal converter.
  • the first measurement signal input serves for receiving a first single-ended measurement signal
  • the second measurement signal input serves for receiving a second single-ended measurement signal.
  • the signal converter is implemented, when receiving one of the single-ended measurement signals, to either convert the first single-ended measurement signal or the second single-ended measurement signal into a combined differential measurement signal and provide the same at the differential measurement signal output, wherein the differential measurement signal includes a first differential portion which may be allocated to the first single-ended measurement signal and a second differential portion which may be allocated to the second single-ended measurement signal.
  • Embodiments of the present invention are based on the finding that, in the considered applications, in particular very short signals are detected, e.g. pulse signals with a duration of for example 100 ns, wherein the frequency of signal repetition is low, e.g. 6 times per second. Thus, the probability is low that two single-ended measurement signals are transmitted simultaneously.
  • This finding is utilized by the inventive transmission device by the fact that it transmits two single-ended measurement signals of two sensor elements which occur at different times as a combined differential measurement signal, wherein in the differential measurement signal the portions of the same which may either be allocated to the first single-ended measurement signal or the second single-ended measurement signal may be differentiated with respect to their polarity.
  • two single-ended measurement signals may be transmitted using a transmission device as an interference-free differential measurement signal.
  • the number of transmission devices and thus the current consumption of the sensor system may be reduced, for example by a half.
  • many manufacturing costs are reduced as the number of transmission devices and thus the utilized electric members is reduced.
  • the transmission device which, for example, comprises a differential amplifier or a simple single-ended-to-differential converter one of the unipolar single-ended measurement signals is inverted with respect to the other with unipolar single-ended measurement signals so that due to two different polarities in the differential measurement signal the assignability of the different portions in the differential measurement signal with respect to the original single-ended measurement signals remains.
  • Further embodiments provide a method for the transmission of two electric impulse measurement signals.
  • the method includes the steps of receiving a first single-ended measurement signal via a first measurement signal input, receiving a second single-ended measurement signal via a second measurement signal input, converting either the first single-ended measurement signal or the second single-ended measurement signal into a combined differential measurement signal and providing the differential measurement signal at a differential measurement signal output.
  • the differential measurement signal comprises a first differential portion which may be allocated to the first single-ended measurement signal and a second differential portion which may be allocated to the second measurement signal.
  • the transmission quality is increased on the one hand by using a transmission method which is more robust with respect to interferences (differential transmission) and by reducing interference signals, like, e.g., noise, or by reducing active members causing interference signals, like, e.g. transistors.
  • FIGS. 1 a -1 b are a single-ended-to-differential converter and the associated input and output variables (balanced signal transmission) according to standard technology;
  • FIGS. 2 a -2 b are a differential amplifier for a single-ended-to-differential conversion and the associated input and output variables according to standard technology;
  • FIGS. 3 a -3 b are a schematical block diagram of a transmission device and the associated input and output variables according to one embodiment
  • FIG. 4 a is a schematical block diagram of a transmission device having a differential amplifier according to one embodiment
  • FIG. 4 b is a schematical block diagram of a transmission device having a single-ended-to-differential converter according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematical block diagram of an interleaved sensor system according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 a shows a single-ended-to-differential converter 10 which is implemented to receive a single-ended measurement signal 12 as an input quantity or variable or value via a first measurement signal input 14 , convert the same into a differential measurement signal 16 and provide the same at a differential measurement signal output 18 having two signal conductors 18 a and 18 b .
  • the single-ended measurement signal 12 is, for example, a voltage signal or a current signal applied with respect to a reference signal 20 .
  • the reference signal 20 may, for example, be a mass signal which may be received via a reference signal input 22 of the single-ended-to-differential converter.
  • the individual signals (single-ended measurement signal 12 , reference signal 20 and differential measurement signal 16 ) are explained in more detail with reference to FIG. 1 b.
  • FIG. 1 b shows two diagrams plotted over time, wherein the first diagram illustrates the single-ended measurement signal 12 with respect to the constant reference signal 20 , and wherein the second diagram illustrates the resulting differential measurement signal 16 .
  • the respective measured value represents, for example, a current or a voltage.
  • the difference between the single-ended measurement signal 12 and the reference signal 20 is the actual signal information.
  • the single-ended measurement signal 12 comprises a sinusoidal shape and has at least one local maximum 12 max and one local minimum 12 min .
  • the single-ended measurement signal 12 is transformed into a differential measurement signal 16 which includes two signal portions 16 a and 16 b , each transmitted by a separate signal conductor 18 a or 18 b of the differential measurement signal output 18 .
  • the actual signal information here represents the difference between the individual signal portions 16 a and 16 b which is typically double the size as compared to the original single-ended measurement signal 12 .
  • the differential measurement signal 16 also comprises a local maximum 16 max when the signal portion 16 a is larger than the signal portion 16 b ( 16 a - 16 b> 0) and a local minimum 16 min when the signal portion 16 b is larger than the signal portion 16 a ( 16 a - 16 b ⁇ 0).
  • the position of the local maxima 16 max and minima 16 min on the time axis corresponds to the position of the local maxima 12 max and minima 12 min of the single-ended measurement signal 12 .
  • the signal portions 16 a and 16 b which are both transmitted in a separate signal conductor 18 a or 18 b are symmetrical or balanced with respect to each other.
  • the symmetry of the two signal portions 16 a and 16 b results from the fact that, by the single-ended-to-differential converter 10 , common-mode portions of the single-ended measurement signal 12 are minimized or eliminated in the conversion.
  • Such a signal transmission is very tolerant with respect to interference, as external interferences in the two signal conductors 18 a and 18 b virtually cancel each other out.
  • the principle is that interference which acts on both signal portions 16 a and 16 b does shift the individual signal portions 16 a or 16 b and thus the average value but not the difference between the two signal portions 16 a and 16 b.
  • FIG. 2 a shows a further device for a single-ended-to-differential conversion which comprises a differential amplifier 10 a , like, e.g. an operational amplifier.
  • the differential amplifier 10 a comprises a first measurement signal input 14 for receiving the single-ended measurement signal 12 which is applied to the reference signal input 22 with respect to a constant reference variable 20 .
  • the single-ended measurement signal 12 is processed together with the reference signal 20 as a differential signal.
  • FIG. 2 b again shows the single-ended measurement signal 12 together with the constant reference signal 20 plotted over time.
  • the single-ended measurement signal 12 comprises the local maximum 12 max and the local minimum 12 min .
  • the differential amplifier 10 a is implemented to amplify the difference between the two signals 12 and 20 at the inputs 14 and 22 , wherein the reference signal input 22 here is inverting.
  • a differential measurement signal 16 ′ is provided at the differential output 18 which comprises the desired differential-mode signal.
  • the differential measurement signal 16 ′ in turn comprises the first signal portion 16 a ′ and the second signal portion 16 b ′, wherein the actual signal information is contained in the difference between the two signal portions 16 a ′ and 16 b ′ as an absolute value (i.e. 16 a ′> 16 b ′ if 12>20).
  • the difference between the two signal portions 16 a ′ and 16 b ′ is at a maximum at the time at which the local maximum 12 max exists at the single-ended measurement signal 12 and at a minimum at the time at which the local minimum 12 min exists at the single-ended measurement signal 12 .
  • These two local maxima or minima in the differential measurement signal 16 ′ are designated by the reference numerals 16 max ′ and 16 min ′.
  • the polarity of the differential signal 16 ′ would also be inverted (i.e. 16 a ′ ⁇ 16 b ′).
  • the two devices 10 and 10 a illustrated in FIGS. 1 a and 2 a for a single-ended-to-differential conversion are typically necessitated once per sensor, which on the one hand increases the current consumption, and on the other hand the spatial requirement of the circuit.
  • devices are discussed in the following which enable the same functionality with reduced current consumption and spatial requirements.
  • the single-ended measurement signals to be transmitted are unipolar pulse signals, i.e. signals occurring only over a short period of time (e.g. ⁇ 200 ns at a frequency of 10 Hz) and here comprise only one positive or one negative signal change or a signal change with only one polarity.
  • unipolar pulse signals are typical for the considered applications, i.e. radiation sensors for positron emission tomography systems (PET) or for single photon emission computer tomography systems (SPECT).
  • FIG. 3 a shows a transmission device 29 having a signal converter 30 including a first measurement signal input 14 , a second (inverted) measurement signal input 15 and a differential measurement signal output 18 having two signal conductor terminals 18 a and 18 b.
  • a first single-ended measurement signal 12 a may be received, and via the second measurement signal input 15 a second single-ended measurement signal 12 b may be received.
  • the two received single-ended measurement signals 12 a and 12 b are illustrated in FIG. 3 b in a first diagram (plotted over time). As may be seen, the two single-ended measurement signals 12 a and 12 b occur at different times and each have a short time duration (pulse character). The consequence is that the probability of receiving two single-ended measurement signals 12 a and 12 b at the same time (i.e. as a consequence of two independent events in two sensors) is low.
  • the first diagram further shows that the two single-ended measurement signals 12 a and 12 b are unipolar, as each of the single-ended measurement signals 12 a and 12 b (when detecting a measurement variable) is controlled from the baseline only in one direction.
  • These baselines or the basic signal level is constant and results, for example, from the base/quiescent sensor current while the detection of the respective measured value (radiation event) results in a local maximum with respect to the baseline.
  • a negative single-ended measurement signal 12 a or 12 b which is negative with respect to the basic signal level, i.e. a local minimum, may result, so that the polarity of the differential measurement signal 32 consequently is also inverted (i.e. 16 a ′ ⁇ 16 b ′).
  • the height of the base sensor current level of the individual sensor elements may vary slightly.
  • the signal converter 30 is implemented to convert the two single-ended measurement signals 12 a and 12 b into differential measurement signals, combine the same and provide the same at the differential measurement signal output 18 as a combined differential measurement signal 32 in order to thus acquire a bundling of the two single-ended measurement signals 12 a and 12 b into one transmission channel.
  • the signal converter 30 When converting the single-ended measurement signals 12 a and 12 b , due to the unipolar character of the same only half of the differential signal area is used. This characteristic may be utilized when combining the two single-ended measurement signals 12 a and 12 b to maintain the assignability of the individual differential portions with respect to the respective single-ended measurement signals 12 a and 12 b .
  • the second single-ended measurement signal 12 b may be inverted so that the two single-ended measurement signals 12 a and 12 b differ with respect to their polarity.
  • the combined differential measurement signal 32 includes the single-ended measurement signals 12 a and 12 b in a differential form, i.e. as a difference of the absolute amounts between the two signal portions 32 a and 32 b , wherein the difference between the two signal portions 32 a and 32 b comprises maxima at the time of the local maximum of the first single-ended measurement signal 12 a and at the time of the maximum of the second single-ended measurement signal 12 b .
  • the first signal portion 32 a comprises a local maximum at the time of the maximum of the first single-ended measurement signal 12 a and a local minimum at the time of the maximum of the second single-ended measurement signal 12 b .
  • the second signal portion 32 b at the time of the maximum of the first single-ended measurement signal 12 a comprises a local minimum and at the time of the local maximum of the second single-ended measurement signal 12 b comprises a local maximum.
  • a differentiation of the two single-ended measurement signals 12 a and 12 b is possible.
  • each part of the differential measurement signal 32 (and thus the time to be determined of an event detected by means of a sensor element connected to the first and second measurement signal inputs 14 and 15 ) may clearly be associated to an event.
  • the differential measurement signal 32 as compared to the original single-ended measurement signal 12 a or the single-ended measurement signal 12 b comprises an amplitude which is double as high, which contributes to an improved signal quality just like the increased interference signal tolerance (due to a low signal-to-noise ratio).
  • the signal converter 30 or the transmission device 29 is implemented to provide the differential measurement signal 32 so that the amount or magnitude of the same is n times the single-ended measurement signal 12 a or the single-ended measurement signal 12 b .
  • This signal amplitude ratio may be lost when the two single-ended measurement signals 12 a and 12 b simultaneously form a local maximum or overlapping local maxima as a consequence of a simultaneously detected event.
  • the two signal portions 32 a and 32 b would partially overlap or cancel each other out, which according to further embodiments leads to the fact that an error may be detected as a consequence of an implausible signal.
  • the common-mode portions (see reference potential 20 ) of the single-ended measurement signals 12 a and 12 b are reduced. In this respect, even a complete canceling (or averaging) of the common-mode portions may result when the idle signals are the same.
  • the background here is that the second inverted single-ended measurement signal 12 b represents the reference signal for the first single-ended measurement signal 12 a , while the first single-ended measurement signal 12 a represents the reference signal for the second single-ended measurement signal 12 b .
  • the two signals 12 a and 12 b are signals of the same kind generated by members of the same kind
  • the two single-ended measurement signals 12 a and 12 b typically have the same or a similar temperature-dependent performance so that, by the inversion, a temperature compensation takes place at the same time.
  • FIG. 4 a shows a differential amplifier or operational amplifier 30 a comprising a first measurement signal input 14 and a second measurement signal input 15 which is typically inverted, and a differential measurement signal output 18 . Further, the differential amplifier 30 a additionally comprises two supply voltage terminals 34 a and 34 b . It is to be noted that here only a minimum terminal configuration is illustrated, even if an operational amplifier 30 a described here may frequently comprise further terminals, e.g. for a signal offset.
  • Such a differential amplifier 30 a may function as a signal converter 30 , as the same is implemented, as was mentioned above, to convert single-ended measurement signals into differential measurement signals.
  • the first single-ended measurement signal 12 a is coupled in via the first measurement signal input 14 and the second single-ended measurement signal 12 b via the second (inverted) measurement signal input 15 , so that the differential measurement signal 32 may be output via the differential output 18 .
  • the supply voltage for the differential amplifier 30 a is connected, by means of which the operating point may be set by a variation of the supply voltage.
  • the differential amplifier 30 a is typically embedded into a circuitry including at least one feedback path (not illustrated) having an integrated resistor. This feedback path is typically coupled between one of the signal conductors 18 a or 18 b and one of the measurement signal terminals 14 and 15 .
  • the circuitry may also include two parallel feedback paths, i.e. a first one between the first measurement signal input 14 and the first signal conductor 18 a and a second one between the second measurement signal input 15 and the second signal conductor 18 .
  • FIG. 4 b shows a further implementation of a signal converter 30 b comprising a first measurement signal input 14 and a second measurement signal input 15 as well as a differential measurement signal output 18 .
  • the measurement signal input 14 is formed by a differential measurement signal input, wherein via a first signal conductor 14 a the first single-ended measurement signal 12 a may be received with respect to a reference signal 20 which is applied to the second signal conductor 14 b .
  • the second measurement signal input 15 is formed by a differential measurement signal input, which comprises a first signal conductor 15 , via which the second single-ended measurement signal 12 b may be received with respect to a reference signal 20 which is applied to the second signal conductor 15 b .
  • the second measurement signal input 15 is typically inverting or comprises an optional inverter 36 .
  • the single-ended measurement signal 12 a or the single-ended measurement signal 12 b is processed as described above as a differential signal with respect to a reference signal 20 .
  • the reference signal 20 which may be the same for both differential inputs 14 and 15 and is applied to the second signal conductor 14 b or 15 b each may, for example, be a mass signal or an average value of the two single-ended signals 12 a and 12 b .
  • the procedure may be carried out as described above.
  • the first differential measurement signal input 14 is directly coupled to the differential measurement signal output 18
  • the second measurement signal input 15 is inversely coupled to the differential measurement signal output 18 .
  • the signal converter 30 b may comprise an optional common-mode rejection circuit 38 .
  • FIG. 5 shows a first transmission device 29 and a second transmission device 29 ′, each comprising a differential output 18 or 18 ′ and two measurement signal inputs 14 and 15 or 14 ′ and 15 ′. Further, FIG. 5 shows four sensor elements 41 , 42 , 43 and 44 arranged next to each other, like, for example pixels of a pixel array.
  • the first sensor element 41 is connected to the first measurement signal input 14 of the first transmission device 29
  • the third sensor element 43 is connected to the second signal input 15 of the first transmission device.
  • the second sensor element lying between the first sensor element 41 and the third sensor element 43 is connected to the first signal input 14 ′ of the second transmission device 29 ′, so that measurement signals from two neighboring sensor elements are differentially transmitted by means of different transmission devices 29 or 29 ′.
  • the fourth sensor element 44 which lies next to the third sensor element 43 is coupled to the second signal input 15 ′ of the second transmission device 29 ′.
  • This principle may continue into all vertical directions of expansion of the pixel array, as is illustrated by the optional sensor elements 45 , 46 , 47 and 48 of the second row.
  • These four sensor elements 45 , 46 , 47 and 48 are also cross-connected to the two optional transmission devices 29 ′ and 29 ′′.
  • the advantage of this type of cross-connection is that in this way crosstalk of neighboring sensor elements may be detected, as the same are transmitted via separate transmission devices 29 or 29 ′ (or 29 ′′ and 29 ′′′).
  • the background here is that two pulse signals of two neighboring sensors (simultaneously) detecting a radiation pulse acting upon both sensor elements do not cancel each other out. In this respect, an interleaved arrangement of the individual sensor elements 41 to 48 results. It is to be noted here that this illustration is merely exemplary and that also the cross-connection may be realized in a different form.
  • Further embodiments relate to an evaluation device which is implemented to receive the differentially transmitted measurement signal from two sensor elements typically outputting single-ended measurement signals and to allocate the portions in the differential measurement signal 32 to the individual single-ended measurement signals or sensor elements. This allocation, as was described above, is done by a comparison of the absolute signal portions 32 a and 32 b to each other.
  • static signals may be detected, converted and transmitted, so that the signal form is not limited to pulse signals, sinusoidal signals or in general to alternating signals.
  • the static portion may, if necessitated, be changed depending on the circuit used.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Dc Digital Transmission (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine (AREA)
US13/950,109 2012-07-25 2013-07-24 Transmission device and sensor system Expired - Fee Related US9361485B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012213092A DE102012213092B3 (de) 2012-07-25 2012-07-25 Übertragungsvorrichtung und Sensor-System
DE102012213092.6 2012-07-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20140028373A1 US20140028373A1 (en) 2014-01-30
US9361485B2 true US9361485B2 (en) 2016-06-07

Family

ID=48747393

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US13/950,109 Expired - Fee Related US9361485B2 (en) 2012-07-25 2013-07-24 Transmission device and sensor system

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US9361485B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2690410A3 (de)
JP (1) JP5678141B2 (de)
DE (1) DE102012213092B3 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008063888A2 (en) 2006-11-22 2008-05-29 Plexxikon, Inc. Compounds modulating c-fms and/or c-kit activity and uses therefor
WO2010114928A2 (en) 2009-04-03 2010-10-07 F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ag Compositions and uses thereof
ES2633317T3 (es) 2009-11-06 2017-09-20 Plexxikon, Inc. Compuestos y métodos para la modulación de quinasas, e indicaciones para ello
FR3083616A1 (fr) 2018-07-06 2020-01-10 Airbus Operations Structure d’aeronef comprenant un capteur avec un systeme de jonction ameliore et aeronef comprenant ladite structure

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2941321A1 (de) 1978-10-13 1980-05-08 Sony Corp Schaltungsanordnung zur umsetzung einseitiger eingangssignale in ein paar differentieller ausgangssignale
JPH03238598A (ja) 1990-02-15 1991-10-24 Hitachi Seiko Ltd エンコーダ信号伝送回路
JPH07221679A (ja) 1994-02-03 1995-08-18 San Tesuto Kk 差動信号伝送システムの断線検出装置
JPH10141993A (ja) 1996-11-07 1998-05-29 Brother Ind Ltd エンコーダ信号伝送回路
US20040201510A1 (en) 2003-04-10 2004-10-14 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Single end to differential signal converter
US20040263243A1 (en) * 2003-06-25 2004-12-30 Renesas Technology Corp. BTL amplifier capable of providing stability of offset compensation
JP2005348521A (ja) 2004-06-03 2005-12-15 Nsk Ltd 回転支持装置及び情報処理装置
DE102005056049A1 (de) 2005-07-29 2007-02-15 Siemens Ag Vorrichtung zur kontaktlosen Übertragung elektrischer Signale zwischen zwei relativ zueinander bewegten Teilen mit verminderter Störstrahlung
US20080143439A1 (en) * 2006-12-14 2008-06-19 Semiconductor Technology Academic Research Center Fully-differential amplifier
US20100060324A1 (en) * 2008-09-08 2010-03-11 Nec Electronics Corporation Voltage/current conversion circuit

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4292597A (en) 1978-10-13 1981-09-29 Sony Corporation Circuit for converting single-ended input signals to a pair of differential output signals
DE2941321A1 (de) 1978-10-13 1980-05-08 Sony Corp Schaltungsanordnung zur umsetzung einseitiger eingangssignale in ein paar differentieller ausgangssignale
JPH03238598A (ja) 1990-02-15 1991-10-24 Hitachi Seiko Ltd エンコーダ信号伝送回路
JPH07221679A (ja) 1994-02-03 1995-08-18 San Tesuto Kk 差動信号伝送システムの断線検出装置
JPH10141993A (ja) 1996-11-07 1998-05-29 Brother Ind Ltd エンコーダ信号伝送回路
DE102004016842A1 (de) 2003-04-10 2005-01-13 Agilent Technologies, Inc., Palo Alto Eintakt-Differenzsignal-Wandler
US20040201510A1 (en) 2003-04-10 2004-10-14 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Single end to differential signal converter
US20040263243A1 (en) * 2003-06-25 2004-12-30 Renesas Technology Corp. BTL amplifier capable of providing stability of offset compensation
JP2005348521A (ja) 2004-06-03 2005-12-15 Nsk Ltd 回転支持装置及び情報処理装置
DE102005056049A1 (de) 2005-07-29 2007-02-15 Siemens Ag Vorrichtung zur kontaktlosen Übertragung elektrischer Signale zwischen zwei relativ zueinander bewegten Teilen mit verminderter Störstrahlung
US20070040635A1 (en) 2005-07-29 2007-02-22 Stefan Popescu Device for non-contacting transmission of electrical signals between two relatively moving parts, with reduced perturbing radiation
US20080143439A1 (en) * 2006-12-14 2008-06-19 Semiconductor Technology Academic Research Center Fully-differential amplifier
US20100060324A1 (en) * 2008-09-08 2010-03-11 Nec Electronics Corporation Voltage/current conversion circuit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2690410A2 (de) 2014-01-29
EP2690410A3 (de) 2017-06-21
JP5678141B2 (ja) 2015-02-25
DE102012213092B3 (de) 2013-08-22
JP2014041606A (ja) 2014-03-06
US20140028373A1 (en) 2014-01-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US9361485B2 (en) Transmission device and sensor system
US9445029B2 (en) Solid-state imaging apparatus with plural column circuits arranged separately in upper and lower positions and driving method therefor
CN106716994A (zh) 固体摄像装置
US7924079B2 (en) Baseline restore based on diode star configuration and transformer coupling
CN111226434A (zh) 距离图像测定装置以及距离图像测定方法
CN102905088A (zh) 固态成像装置
WO2017016469A1 (zh) 光子测量前端电路
EP3389259A1 (de) Festkörperbildgebungsvorrichtung und verfahren zur ansteuerung einer festkörperbildgebungsvorrichtung
US9568360B2 (en) Silicon photomultiplier with improved detection accuracy
US7391010B2 (en) Photoelectric encoder and electronic equipment with increased resolution
US20160191829A1 (en) Systems and methods for mimimizing silicon photomultiplier signal propagation delay dispersion and improve timing
US20150294999A1 (en) Image sensor pixel structure with optimized uniformity
JPWO2020045363A1 (ja) フォトセンサ、イメージセンサ及びフォトセンサの駆動方法
CN107329133B (zh) 矫正型成像激光雷达接收器及信号处理方法
CN111066240A (zh) 半导体器件和电位测量装置
US9654714B2 (en) Shared pixel with fixed conversion gain
US8575534B2 (en) Cross-strip charge multiplexing readout for differential detector arrays with capacitive row and column charge splitters
Dey et al. A row-column summing readout architecture for SiPM based PET imaging systems
US10097146B2 (en) Ripple reduction method for chopper amplifiers
WO2021028195A1 (en) Circuit arrangement and method for charge integration
KR102546182B1 (ko) 이미지 센싱 장치
JP5839966B2 (ja) 放射線検出装置
US7928398B2 (en) Radiation detecting pixel array signal routing
US8598505B2 (en) Method and apparatus for cancellation of transient voltage spike
CN112334792A (zh) 用于检测传感器元件网格中的传感器信号的检测设备和方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER ANGEWAN

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:VOELKER, MATTHIAS;HAUER, JOHANN;REEL/FRAME:031584/0616

Effective date: 20130812

STCF Information on status: patent grant

Free format text: PATENTED CASE

FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: MAINTENANCE FEE REMINDER MAILED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: REM.); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

LAPS Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees

Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED FOR FAILURE TO PAY MAINTENANCE FEES (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: EXP.); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

STCH Information on status: patent discontinuation

Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362

FP Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee

Effective date: 20200607