US9240811B2 - Switched duplexer front end - Google Patents

Switched duplexer front end Download PDF

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US9240811B2
US9240811B2 US13/658,135 US201213658135A US9240811B2 US 9240811 B2 US9240811 B2 US 9240811B2 US 201213658135 A US201213658135 A US 201213658135A US 9240811 B2 US9240811 B2 US 9240811B2
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signal paths
asm
transceiver system
band
antenna port
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US20140112213A1 (en
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Niels O. Norholm
Feridoon Jalili
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Intel Corp
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Intel Deutschland GmbH
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Priority to DE102013111521.7A priority patent/DE102013111521A1/de
Priority to CN201310501576.1A priority patent/CN103780278B/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/005—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges
    • H04B1/0053—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges with common antenna for more than one band
    • H04B1/0057—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges with common antenna for more than one band using diplexing or multiplexing filters for selecting the desired band
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/005—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges
    • H04B1/0053—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges with common antenna for more than one band
    • H04B1/006—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges with common antenna for more than one band using switches for selecting the desired band
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • H04B1/40—Circuits
    • H04B1/54—Circuits using the same frequency for two directions of communication
    • H04B1/56—Circuits using the same frequency for two directions of communication with provision for simultaneous communication in two directions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
    • H03H7/01—Frequency selective two-port networks
    • H03H7/0115—Frequency selective two-port networks comprising only inductors and capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
    • H03H7/01—Frequency selective two-port networks
    • H03H7/0153—Electrical filters; Controlling thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
    • H03H7/01—Frequency selective two-port networks
    • H03H7/17—Structural details of sub-circuits of frequency selective networks
    • H03H7/1741—Comprising typical LC combinations, irrespective of presence and location of additional resistors
    • H03H7/1758—Series LC in shunt or branch path

Definitions

  • Transceivers are widely used in many wireless communication devices (e.g., cell phones, wireless sensors, PDAs, etc.). As the number of users and functionality of mobile communication devices increases, the need for more bandwidth to wirelessly transmit signals increases. To assuage this need for increased bandwidth, modern communication systems offer a plurality of frequency bands over which data can be transmitted. For example, in LTE (Long Term Evolution) systems there are 43 frequency bands over which data can be transmitted (i.e., 32 frequency bands with distinct uplink and downlink frequencies for FDD and 11 frequency bands for TDD).
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • Transceivers that are configured to operate over multiple frequency bands.
  • Transceivers that operate over multiple frequency bands can increase performance of mobile communication devices by increasing the bandwidth over which data can be transmitted and/or received through aggregation of separate frequency bands.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional transceiver system that can operate over a plurality of frequency bands.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a disclosed transceiver system having a plurality of signal paths selectively connected to an antenna port by an antenna switch module.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a more detailed example of a disclosed transceiver system having filtering elements comprising a single filter.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a more detailed example of a disclosed transceiver system having filtering elements comprising duplexer filters.
  • FIGS. 5A-5D illustrate a more detailed example of an LTE (Long Term Evolution) transceiver system configured to transmit and/or receive signals over one LTE band or over multiple LTE bands.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • FIGS. 6A-6C illustrate a more detailed example of an LTE/3G (Long Term Evolution) transceiver system configured to use different signal paths to respectively transmit and/or receive multiple LTE/3G bands.
  • LTE/3G Long Term Evolution
  • FIGS. 7A-7B are Smith charts showing operation of the matching networks in a disclosed transceiver system.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an alternative example of a disclosed transceiver system having signal paths with mixed filters.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of another example of a disclosed transceiver system having additional signal paths that can be used to tune the matching networks.
  • FIG. 10 is a flow diagram of an exemplary method to provide isolation through selective matching of filters in a plurality of signal paths that are configured to operate over a plurality of frequency bands
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional transceiver 100 that can operate over a plurality of frequency bands.
  • the transceiver 100 comprises a plurality of signal paths, SP 1 -SP 4 , wherein respective signal paths are configured to exchange signals with an antenna 102 at different frequency bands.
  • a first signal path SP 1 is configured to exchange signals at a first frequency band fb 1 with antenna 102
  • a second signal path SP 2 is configured to exchange signals at a second frequency band fb 2 with antenna 102
  • the frequency bands may have separate transmit and receive frequencies.
  • each signal path, SP 1 -SP 4 respectively comprises a duplex filter, 104 - 110 , with a receive filter having a stop band at a transmit frequency and a transmit filter with a stop band at a receive frequency.
  • the duplex filters, 104 - 110 enable a signal path, SP 1 -SP 4 , to transmit signals and receive signals at a same time by providing for isolation between transmitted signals from received signals.
  • the transceiver 100 may additionally comprise a diplex filter 114 having a high pass filter and a low pass filter.
  • the diplex filter 114 is connected to first and second antenna ports, AP 1 and AP 2 , of an antenna switch module (ASM) 112 and enables the transceiver system 100 to act in a carrier aggregation mode of operation, wherein signals are conveyed at frequencies comprising an aggregation of a high frequency band and a low frequency band.
  • ASM antenna switch module
  • ASM 112 may concurrently connect a signal path having high frequency signals (e.g., SP 1 or SP 2 ) to the first antenna port AP 1 and a signal path having low frequency signals (e.g., SP 3 or SP 4 ) to the second antenna port AP 2 (e.g., to support signal path combinations SP 1 +SP 3 , SP 1 +SP 4 , SP 2 +SP 3 , or SP 2 +SP 4 ).
  • a signal path having high frequency signals e.g., SP 1 or SP 2
  • a signal path having low frequency signals e.g., SP 3 or SP 4
  • each filter increases the cost (e.g., the silicon footprint) and insertion loss and thus power consumption of a transceiver system.
  • the present disclosure relates to a transceiver system configured to provide isolation through selective matching of filters in a plurality of signal paths that are configured to operate over a plurality of frequency bands.
  • the transceiver system comprises a plurality of signal paths selectively coupled to an antenna port of an antenna switch module (ASM), wherein respective signal paths comprise a filtering element having a stop band and a pass band.
  • a control unit is configured to generate one or more control signals that operate one or more switching elements within the ASM to connect one or more of the plurality of signal paths to the antenna port.
  • the ASM By connecting signal paths to the antenna port, the ASM combines filtering elements within the selected signal paths to generate a collective filter response that can provide for isolation between the one or more of the plurality of signal paths.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a disclosed transceiver system 200 .
  • the transceiver system 200 comprises a plurality of signal paths SP 1 , SP 2 , . . . , SP n configured to exchange signals with an antenna 206 .
  • each signal path corresponds to a separate LTE band.
  • Respective signal paths SP 1 , SP 2 , . . . , or SP n comprise filtering elements 208 that filter signals according to a filtering response.
  • the filtering elements may comprise a single filter (e.g., a surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter, a bulk acoustic wave (BAW) filter, a film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) filter, etc.) or more than one filter (e.g., a duplex filter with a reception and transmission filter).
  • SAW surface acoustic wave
  • BAW bulk acoustic wave
  • FBAR film bulk acoustic resonator
  • the filtering elements 208 have a filtering response with one or more pass bands (i.e., that pass signals with a frequency within a pass band) and one or more stop bands (i.e., that attenuate signals with a frequency within a stop band).
  • the first signal path SP 1 may comprise a first filtering element 208 a having a first pass band and a first stop band
  • the second signal path SP 2 may comprise a second filtering element 208 b having a second pass band and a second stop band.
  • the first stop band may have a high impedance at the second pass band and the second stop band may have a high impedance at the first pass band.
  • the plurality of signal paths SP 1 , SP 2 , . . . , SP n are connected to an antenna port AP by way of an antenna switch module (ASM) 202 having a plurality of switching elements 204 a - 204 n .
  • the ASM 202 comprises a plurality of RF ports RFP 1 -RFP n .
  • Each RF port is connected to a signal path, so that each signal path is connected to a switching element that is configured to respectively connect one of the plurality of signal paths SP 1 , SP 2 , . . . , SP n to the antenna port AP.
  • a first switching element 204 a is configured to selectively connect the first signal path SP 1 to the antenna port AP
  • a second switching element 204 b is configured to connect the second signal path SP 2 to the antenna port AP
  • the plurality of switching elements 204 a - 204 n may comprise switches or transistor devices, for example.
  • a control unit 210 is configured to generate one or more control signals S CTRL that are provided to the ASM 202 to control operation of the plurality of switching elements 204 a - 204 n .
  • the one or more control signals S CTRL operate the plurality of switching elements 204 a - 204 n to connect one or more of the plurality of signal paths SP 1 , SP 2 , . . . , and/or SP n to the antenna port AP.
  • the filtering responses of the filtering elements within the selected one or more signal paths are combined to achieve a collective filtering response that is based upon filters in the selected signal paths.
  • the control unit 210 may be configured to generate control signals S CTRL that operate the ASM 202 to connect two or more of the plurality of signal paths to the antenna port AP to provide for a filtering response that causes the selected signal paths to operate as a diplexer that enables a carrier aggregation mode of operation.
  • control unit 210 may connect first and second signal paths, SP 1 and SP 2 , to the antenna port AP by way of ASM 202 to add a filtering response (e.g., a low-pass filter) of a first filtering element 208 a in the first signal path SP 1 and a filtering response (e.g., a high-pass filter) of a second filtering element 208 a in the second signal path SP 1 to generate a collective frequency response.
  • the collective frequency response is similar to that of a diplex filter, but allows for connected signal path filters to have pass bands that are adjacent to one another (e.g., in contrast to diplex filters, which typically have an increasing insertion loss for carrier aggregation bands separated by less than an octave).
  • control unit 210 may be configured to generate control signals S CTRL that operate the ASM 202 to connect two or more of the plurality of signal paths to the antenna port AP to provide for a filtering response equivalent to a duplexer.
  • a filtering response enables matching of the filtering elements 208 a - 208 n to allow for transmission of a frequency band (e.g., LTE band 3 ) by one signal path and reception of the frequency band by another signal path.
  • Matching the filtering responses allows for the signal paths to be used for multiple frequency bands, reducing the number of signal paths in the transceiver system 200 (e.g., to a number of signal paths that is less than the number of frequency bands over which the transceiver system operates).
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a more detailed example of a disclosed transceiver system 300 having filtering elements comprising a single filter.
  • Transceiver system 300 comprises signal paths TX 1 , RX 1 , TX 2 , and RX 2 .
  • a first signal path TX 1 comprises a transmission chain configured to provide signals having a first frequency to an RF port RFP 1 .
  • the transmission chain comprises a power amplifier 308 a coupled to a first filter 312 a having a first pass band configured to pass the first frequency and a first stop band.
  • a second signal path RX 1 comprises a receiver chain configured to receive signals having a second frequency from an RF port RFP 2 .
  • the receiver chain comprises a low noise amplifier (LNA) 310 a coupled to a second filter 312 b having a second pass band configured to pass the second frequency and a second stop band.
  • LNA low noise amplifier
  • a third signal path TX 2 comprises a transmission chain having a power amplifier 308 b coupled to a third filter 312 c having a third pass band configured to pass a third frequency and a third stop band.
  • a fourth signal path RX 2 comprises a reception chain having a LNA 310 b coupled to a fourth filter 312 d having a fourth pass band configured to pass a fourth frequency and a fourth stop band.
  • the plurality of transmission paths, TX 1 and TX 2 are configured to transmit signals at different frequency bands, so that the transceiver system 300 is able to operate as a multi-band transmitter configured to transmit electromagnetic radiation at a variety of different frequencies.
  • the different frequency bands may be used by different frequencies of a same wireless standard (e.g., different LTE bands).
  • the reception paths, RX 1 and RX 2 are configured to receive signals at different frequency bands so that the transceiver system 300 is able to operate as a multi-band receiver configured to receive electromagnetic radiation at a variety of different frequencies.
  • An antenna switch module (ASM) 302 may operate switching elements 304 a - 304 d to connect one or more transmission chains, TX 1 and/or TX 2 , and/or one or more reception chains, RX 1 or/and RX 2 , to an antenna port AP to generate a collective filtering response based upon filters that are in the connected transmission and reception chains.
  • ASM antenna switch module
  • matching networks 314 a - 314 d are located between the filters 312 a - 312 d and the ASM 302 in the plurality of signal paths.
  • the matching networks 314 a - 314 d are configured change the impedance of combined signal paths as seen by the antenna port AP to a value that minimizes the insertion loss.
  • the matching networks 314 a - 314 d may introduce a phase shift into a signal to change the impedance.
  • the matching networks 314 a - 314 d comprise transmission lines having a fixed length. In such an example, the fixed length of a transmission line can be determined based upon predetermined combinations of filters for carrier aggregation or for predetermined combinations of frequency bands.
  • the matching networks 314 a - 314 d may comprise tunable matching networks.
  • the matching networks 314 a - 314 d may comprise transmission lines having a “variable length” or the matching networks 314 a - 314 d may comprise a pi circuit having two capacitors and an inductor, for example.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a more detailed example of a disclosed transceiver system 400 .
  • the disclosed transceiver system implements a same functionality as shown in FIG. 1 , but without the use of a diplexer.
  • Transceiver system 400 comprises a first signal path SP 1 and a second signal path SP 2 .
  • the first signal path SP 1 comprises a first transmission chain TX 1 having a power amplifier 408 a configured to provide a signal having a first frequency to an antenna port AP for wireless transmission by antenna 406 .
  • the first signal path SP 1 further comprises a first reception chain RX 1 having a low noise amplifier 410 a configured to receive a signal having a second frequency from the antenna port AP.
  • the first transmission chain TX 1 and first reception chain RX 1 are connected to a filtering element comprising a first duplex filter 412 a configured to provide for isolation between the first transmission chain TX 1 and the first reception chain RX 1 .
  • the first duplex filter 412 a comprises a first transmit filter having a pass band at the first frequency range and a stop band at the second frequency range and a first receive filter having a pass band at the second frequency range and a stop band at the second frequency range.
  • the second signal path SP 2 comprises a second transmission chain TX 2 having a power amplifier 408 b configured to provide a signal having a third frequency to the antenna 406 for wireless transmission.
  • the second signal path SP 2 further comprises a second reception chain RX 2 having a low noise amplifier 410 b configured to receive a signal having a fourth frequency from the antenna port AP.
  • the second transmission chain TX 2 and second reception chain RX 2 are connected to a filtering element comprising a second duplex filter 412 b configured to provide for isolation between the second transmission chain TX 2 and the second reception chain RX 2 .
  • the second duplex filter 412 b comprises a second transmit filter having a pass band at the third frequency range and a stop band at the fourth frequency range, and a second receive filter having a pass band at the fourth frequency range and a stop band at the third frequency range.
  • An antenna switch module (ASM) 402 is connected to the first and second signal paths SP 1 and SP 2 at RF ports RFP 1 and RFP 2 .
  • a control unit 416 is configured to operate switching elements 404 a - 404 b of the ASM 402 to connect one or more of the signal paths, SP 1 and/or SP 2 to the antenna port AP to generate a filtering response that is equal to the filter response of the filters that are in the connected signal paths.
  • Matching networks 414 a - 414 b may be located between the filters 412 a - 412 b and the ASM 402 to minimize the insertion loss.
  • FIGS. 5A-5D illustrate a more detailed example of an LTE (Long Term Evolution) transceiver system 500 configured to concurrently transmit and/or receive signals over one LTE band (i.e., in a single band mode) or over multiple LTE bands (i.e., in a carrier aggregation mode).
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • FIG. 5A illustrates a block diagram of a disclosed transceiver system 500 that is able to operate in a single band mode of operation or in a carrier aggregation (C/A) mode of operation.
  • C/A carrier aggregation
  • Transceiver system 500 comprises a plurality of signal paths SP 1 -SP 4 , wherein respective signal paths SP 1 -SP 4 have a duplex filter 510 a - 510 d that allows for transmission and reception at an LTE band.
  • the first signal path SP 1 may comprise a power amplifier 506 a and a LNA 508 a connected to a first duplex filter 510 a that allows for transmission and reception at LTE band B 7 (i.e., having a pass band for transmission at 2500-2570 MHz and having a pass band for reception at 2620-2690 MHz).
  • the second signal path SP 2 may comprise a power amplifier 506 b and a LNA 508 b connected to a second duplex filter 510 b that allows for transmission and reception at LTE band B 3 (i.e., having a pass band for transmission at 1710-1785 MHz and having a pass band for reception at 1805-1880 MHz).
  • the third signal path SP 3 may comprise a power amplifier 506 c and a LNA 508 c connected to a third duplex filter 510 c that allows for transmission and reception at LTE band B 20 (i.e., having a pass band for transmission at 832-862 MHz and having a pass band for reception at 791-821 MHz).
  • the fourth signal path SP 4 may comprise a power amplifier 506 d and a LNA 508 d connected to a fourth duplex filter 510 d that allows for transmission and reception at LTE band B 5 (i.e., having a pass band for transmission at 824-849 MHz and having a pass band for reception at 869-894 MHz). Filters within respective signal paths have a high reflection (e.g., a high impedance) at frequency outside of their pass bands.
  • ASM 502 is configured to operate one switch S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , or S 4 to connect a single signal path to antenna port AP, so that transceiver system 500 can transmit and/or receive signals via antenna 504 using a single LTE frequency band (e.g., LTE band B 3 , LTE band B 7 , etc.).
  • a single LTE frequency band e.g., LTE band B 3 , LTE band B 7 , etc.
  • ASM 502 is configured to operate a plurality of switches S 1 , S 2 , S 3 , and/or S 4 to simultaneously connect multiple signal paths to antenna port AP, so that transceiver system 500 can concurrently transmit and/or receive signals using more than one LTE frequency band (e.g., LTE bands B 7 and B 20 ) to increase transmission/reception bandwidths, and data transfer rates, over that which can be achieved in a single band mode of operation.
  • LTE frequency bands used in the carrier aggregation mode of operation may comprise a contiguous frequency range or may comprise non-contiguous frequency range.
  • FIG. 5B is a table 516 showing operation of the plurality of switches S 1 -S 4 in the ASM 502 by control unit 514 to match filters for various modes of single band operation and for various modes of carrier aggregation operation.
  • table 516 shows switching states for switches within ASM 502 for single band modes of operation in LTE bands B 7 , B 3 , B 20 and B 5 .
  • switch S 1 is closed to connect transmission paths TX 1 and reception path RX 1 to antenna port AP, while switches S 2 -S 4 are opened to disconnect transmission paths TX 2 -TX 4 and RX 2 -RX 4 from antenna port AP.
  • switches S 2 , S 3 , and S 4 are respectively closed while other switches are opened.
  • Table 516 also shows switching states for switches within ASM 502 for carrier aggregation modes of operation in LTE bands B 7 and B 3 , bands B 7 and B 5 , and bands B 7 and B 20 .
  • switch S 1 is closed to connect transmission path TX 1 and reception path RX 1 to antenna port AP
  • switch S 2 is closed to connect transmission path TX 2 and reception path RX 2 to antenna port AP
  • switches S 3 -S 4 are opened to disconnect transmission paths TX 3 -TX 4 and reception paths RX 3 -RX 4 from antenna port AP.
  • duplex filters 510 a and 510 b can be matched while providing for sufficient isolation between the signal paths.
  • switches S 2 and S 4 are closed, while switches S 1 and S 3 are opened.
  • the performance of filter matching can be improved with a matching network or T-line 512 that adjusts the phase of signals to convert the impedance to be close to infinite.
  • FIGS. 5C-5D illustrate graphs 518 , 524 , 530 , and 536 showing operation of transceiver system 500 with the disclosed filter matching in comparison to that of the single band operation.
  • the disclosed transceiver system 500 has a reduced insertion loss of approximately 0.5 dB for single band characteristic. It will be appreciated that the graphs were generated based upon off the shelf filters. In some cases, the filters can be optimized to improve the stop band impedance of the filters.
  • FIG. 5C illustrates graphs 518 and 524 showing the insertion loss of filter matching to transmit and receive signals in a carrier aggregation mode using LTE bands B 20 and band B 7 respectively.
  • the solid lines 520 and 526 show the performance of the single duplexers and the ASM when working in the conventional single band mode, while the dashed lines 522 and 528 show the performance when both duplexers are switched in at the same time and properly matched to each other.
  • Comparison of lines 520 and 522 show that for band B 20 (graph 518 ) the effect of the loading of the band B 7 filter is negligible.
  • Comparison of lines 526 and 528 show that for band B 7 (graph 524 ) the loading of the band B 20 filter adds approximately 0.5 dB loss. However, the 0.5 dB loss is comparable with the loss in the diplexer in the conventional setup.
  • FIG. 5D illustrates graphs 530 and 536 showing the isolation provided by the filter combination in a carrier aggregation mode of operation using LTE bands B 20 and B 7 .
  • the solid lines 532 and 538 show the isolation of the single duplexers and the ASM when working in the conventional single band mode, while the dashed lines 534 and 540 show the isolation when both duplexers are switched in at the same time and properly matched to each other.
  • Comparison of lines 532 and 534 show that for band B 20 (graph 530 ) the effect of the loading of the band B 7 filter has a negligible effect on isolation.
  • comparison of lines 538 and 540 show that for band B 7 (graph 536 ) the loading of the band B 20 filter has a negligible effect on isolation.
  • chart 1 illustrates the insertion losses of transceiver system 500 in various single mode and carrier aggregation modes of operation in comparison to a transceiver system having a conventional architecture comprising a diplex filter.
  • the disclosed transceiver system 500 typically achieves a lower insertion loss since it does not comprise a diplexer, which adds an additional insertion loss to the system.
  • the insertion loss of the transceiver system 500 is reduced from 0.5 dB to 0 dB.
  • the insertion loss of the transceiver system 500 is reduced from 0.5 dB to 0 dB in LTE bands not being used and is equal to that of the conventional transceiver system in LTE bands being used.
  • FIGS. 6A-6C illustrate a more detailed example of a disclosed transceiver system configured to use different signal paths to respectively transmit and/or receive signals at multiple 3G and LTE bands.
  • the on chip size of a transceiver system can be reduced (e.g., by approximately 10%) since less power amplifiers, LNA, and duplexers are used.
  • FIG. 6A is a table 600 showing the frequency spectrum of the various 3G/LTE frequency bands. As shown in table 600 , 3G/LTE frequency bands B 4 , B 10 , and B 3 have an overlapping transmit (uplink) frequency spectrum, while 3G/LTE frequency bands B 4 , B 10 , and B 1 have an overlapping receive (downlink) frequency spectrum.
  • transceiver system 602 comprises a first signal path SP 1 having a first transmission chain TX 1 and a first reception chain RX 1 connected to a first duplex filter 612 a .
  • the first transmission chain TX 1 has a power amplifier 608 a configured to transmit signals at 3G/LTE band B 1 (i.e., the first duplex filter 612 a has a pass band for transmission of 1920-1980 MHz).
  • the first reception chain RX 1 has a LNA 610 a configured to receive signals at 3G/LTE bands B 1 , B 4 , and B 10 (i.e., the first duplex filter 612 a has a pass band for reception of 2110-2170 MHz).
  • the first reception chain RX 1 is able to receive signals for multiple 3G/LTE bands since the reception frequency band of the multiple 3G/LTE bands overlap.
  • Transceiver system 602 further comprises a second signal path SP 2 having a second transmission chain TX 2 and a second reception chain RX 2 connected to a second duplex filter 612 b .
  • the second transmission chain TX 2 has a power amplifier 608 b configured to transmit signals at 3G/LTE bands B 3 , B 4 , and B 10 (i.e., the second duplex filter 612 b has a pass band for transmission of 1710-1785 MHz).
  • the second reception chain RX 2 has a LNA 610 b configured to receive signals at 3G/LTE band B 3 (i.e., the second duplex filter 612 b has a pass band for reception of 1805-1880 MHz).
  • the second transmission chain TX 2 is able to transmit signals for multiple 3G/LTE bands since the transmission frequency of the multiple 3G/LTE bands overlap.
  • FIG. 6C is a table 618 showing operation of the plurality of switches S 1 -S 4 in the ASM 604 to match filters in the different signal paths, SP 1 and SP 2 , to transmit and receive signals at different 3G/LTE bands.
  • duplex filter 612 a provides for sufficient isolation between the transmission path TX 1 and reception path RX 1 .
  • switch S 2 is closed to connect transmission path TX 2 and reception path RX 2 to antenna port AP, while switch S 1 is opened to disconnect transmission path TX 1 and reception path RX 1 from antenna port AP.
  • switch S 1 is closed to connect reception path RX 1 to antenna port AP
  • switch S 2 is closed to connect transmission path TX 2 to antenna port AP. Since, duplex filter has full reflection in the stop band, duplex filters 612 a and 612 b can be matched to provide a reception path and a transmission path for 3G/LTE bands B 4 and B 10 .
  • FIGS. 7A-7B are Smith charts, 702 and 704 , showing operation of the matching networks for 3G/LTE band B 3 (i.e., having a pass band of 1710-1785 for uplink).
  • signals close to the middle of the charts have good match (i.e., low reflection, 50 ohm), while signals further to boarder of chart the better reflection (i.e., high impedance). Therefore, for a good SAW filter, signals in the pass band are illustrated as being in the middle of the chart and signals in the stop band are illustrated as being in the exterior of the chart.
  • FIGS. 7A-7B are Smith charts, 702 and 704 , showing operation of the matching networks for 3G/LTE band B 3 (i.e., having a pass band of 1710-1785 for uplink).
  • signals close to the middle of the charts have good match (i.e., low reflection, 50 ohm), while signals further to boarder of chart the better reflection (i.e., high impedance). Therefore, for
  • signals m 3 (having a frequency of 2.110 GHz) and m 4 (having a frequency of 2.170 GHz) are outside of the pass band, while signals m 10 (having a frequency of 1.710 GHz) and m 11 (having a frequency of 1.755 GHz) are within the pass band.
  • Smith chart 702 shows the impedance seen at the band B 3 without a matching network.
  • Smith chart 704 shows the impedance seen at the band B 3 with a disclosed matching network.
  • the impedance of a filter can be varied so that the stop band has minimum impact on the pass band of another filter.
  • the phase shift can be predetermined since the filter combination is known.
  • the phase shift may comprise a variable/tunable phase shift since the filter combinations are not known.
  • the filtering elements may be optimized to improve the performance illustrated in the charts disclosed herein (e.g., FIGS. 5B , 5 C, 7 A, 7 B).
  • the filters can be optimized along with a value of the matching network to achieve a high impedance.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an alternative example of a disclosed transceiver system having mixed filtering elements.
  • FIG. 8 is described in relation to specific frequency bands and filtering elements, it will be appreciated that the illustrated cases are only examples may be implemented with alternative combinations of frequency bands and/or filtering elements.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a transceiver system 800 comprising signal paths SP 1 -SP 3 .
  • the first signal path SP 1 comprises a transmit path TX 1 and a receive path RX 1 having a duplex filter 804 a connected to the ASM 802 by way of a first matching network 806 a .
  • the duplex filter 804 a has a first passband corresponding to a modified transmit frequency of LTE band 4 (1710-1785 MHz) and a second passband corresponding to the receive frequency of LTE band 4 (2110-2155 MHz).
  • the second signal path SP 2 comprises a receiver path RX 2 having a receive filter 804 b connected to the ASM 802 by way of a second matching network 806 b .
  • the receive filter 804 b has a passband corresponding to the receive frequency of LTE band 3 (1805-1880 MHz).
  • the third signal path SP 3 comprises a transmit path TX 2 connected to a transmit filter 804 c connected to the ASM 802 by way of a third matching network 806 c .
  • the transmit filter 804 c has a passband corresponding to the transmit frequency of LTE band 1 (1920-1980 MHz).
  • Control unit 808 is configured to concurrently connect two or more of signal paths SP 1 -SP 3 to cover a LTE bands 1 , 3 , and 4 .
  • LTE band 3 which transmit at 1710-1755 MHz and receives at 1805-1880 MHZ
  • the first signal path that transmits at 1710-1785 MHz is concurrently connected to the antenna port AP of ASM along with the second signal path SP 2 that receives at 1805-1880 MHz. Therefore, a duplexer functionality of LTE band 3 is provided by a duplex filter 804 a for LTE band 4 and a receive filter 804 b of LTE band 3 .
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of another example of a disclosed transceiver system 900 comprising signal paths configured to selectively improve the performance of the transceiver system 900 .
  • Transceiver system 900 comprises a plurality of signal paths SP 1 -SP 5 .
  • Transceiver system 900 further comprises additional signal paths SP 4 and SP 5 , which are configured to selectively improve the performance of the transceiver system 900 .
  • the additional signal paths SP 4 and SP 5 are connected to the ASM 902 in parallel with signal paths SP 1 -SP 3 , such that if the ASM connects the additional signal paths SP 4 and SP 5 to the antenna port AP, they are connected in parallel with other signal paths that are connected to the antenna port AP.
  • Signal path SP 4 comprises an additional filtering element 918 connected between a switching element 904 d in ASM 902 and a ground terminal.
  • the additional filtering element 918 may be connected to the antenna port AP to increase filtering of the transceiver system 900 .
  • the additional filtering element 918 may comprise a trap filter having a capacitor C 1 and an inductor L 1 connected in series. The trap filter suppresses harmonics or noise in a dedicated frequency band in the different signal paths.
  • the additional filtering element 918 may comprise any other type of suitable circuitry.
  • Signal path SP 5 comprises a tuning element 920 connected between a switching element 904 e in ASM 902 and a ground terminal.
  • the tuning element 920 may be connected to the antenna port AP to tune the impedance of the system (e.g., to vary the phase shift of a matching network in another signal path).
  • the tuning element may be used to fine tune the matching networks 914 , so that fixed matching networks can be operated as variable matching networks.
  • the tuning element 920 may comprise a shunt inductor having a first terminal connected to switching element 904 e and a second terminal connected to the ground terminal.
  • the tuning element 920 may comprise a shunt capacitor C 2 having a first terminal connected to switching element 904 e and a second terminal connected to the ground terminal.
  • control unit 916 is configured to selectively connect the additional filter element 918 and/or the tuning element 920 , based upon one or more operating conditions of the transceiver system. For example, in mobile communication devices having cellular and Wi-Fi capabilities, the control unit 916 may be configured to close switching element 904 d when the Wi-Fi is activated and open switching element 904 d when Wi-Fi is not activated. By selectively connecting the one or more tuning/filtering elements, 918 and 920 , the insertion loss and thus current consumption can be reduced when operation of the tuning/filtering elements is not beneficial.
  • FIG. 10 is a flow diagram 1000 of an exemplary method to provide isolation through selective matching of filters in a plurality of signal paths that are configured to operate over a plurality of frequency bands.
  • a transceiver system having a plurality of signal paths coupled to RF ports of an antenna switch module (ASM) having a plurality of switching elements. Respective RF ports of the ASM are connected to a separate switching element, which are configured to selectively connect the RF port to an antenna port of the ASM.
  • the plurality of signal paths comprise filtering elements having specific filtering responses. For example, a first path may comprise a filtering element having a first pass band and a first stop band, while a second path may comprise a filtering element having a second pass band and a second stop band.
  • one or more of the plurality of switching elements are operated to connect one or more signal paths to the antenna port of the ASM. Connecting the one or more signal paths to the antenna port provides for a collective filtering response that is based upon a culmination of the filtering responses of the connected one or more signal paths.
  • one of the plurality of switching elements may be operated to connect a single signal path to the antenna port at 1006 . Since the single signal path has a filtering response that corresponds to a specific frequency band, connecting the single signal path to the antenna port of the ASM allows the transceiver system to operate in a single band mode of operation.
  • two or more of the plurality of switching elements are operated to simultaneously connect two or more signal paths to the antenna port, at 1008 .
  • each of the two or more signal paths has a filtering response that corresponds to a specific frequency band
  • connecting two or more signal paths to the antenna port allows the transceiver system to operate in a carrier aggregation mode of operation.
  • each of the two or more signal paths has a filtering response that corresponds to a multiple frequency bands
  • connecting two or more signal paths to the antenna port allows the transceiver system to operate transmit signals of a frequency band over a first signal path and to receive signals of the frequency band over a second signal path.

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US20140112213A1 (en) 2014-04-24
DE102013111521A1 (de) 2014-04-24
CN103780278B (zh) 2017-04-26
CN103780278A (zh) 2014-05-07

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