US918699A

US918699A - Concrete building construction.

Info

Publication number: US918699A
Application number: US35012506A
Authority: US
Inventors: Ernest Leslie Ransome
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1906-12-31
Filing date: 1906-12-31
Publication date: 1909-04-20
Anticipated expiration: 1926-04-20

Description

E. L. RANSOME.

CONCRETE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION APPLICATION FILED 1120.31, 1906.

9 1 8,699. Patented Apr. 20, 1909.

3 8HEETS-BHEET 1.

1 H H, H I, H, P

551 arrow 121 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Patented Apr.20, 1909.

f i i 6 m m 351 Qlftozneg E. L. RANSOME. GONGRETE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION. APPLICATION FILED DBO. 31, 1906.

E. L. RANSOME. GONGRBTB BUILDING consmuo'mon.

APPLICATION FILED DBO. 31, 1906.

Patented Apr. 20, 1909.

3 SHBETSBHEET 3.

ERNEST LESLIE RANSOME, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

CONCRETE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

' Yatented April 20, 1909.

I Application filed December 31, 1906. Serial n 350,125.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known .that I, ERNEST L. RANsOME, of the borough of Richmond, city and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Concrete Building Construction, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact specification, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to concrete buildings in which the various elements are separately or individually moldedif desired at points removed from the site of the building; and

'it consists in certain special features of construction and relative arrangement of parts which will be fully set forth hereinafter and particularly pointed out in the claims. For this purpose, reference is had to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate, as an example of my invention, a building embodying its essential principles; in which drawings Figure 1 is an elevational view showing the general exterior appearance of the building; Fig. 2 is a sectional plan of a part of the building showing the columns, and piers in horizontal section and illustrating the girders, beams and belt course by broken lines; Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a fragmentary, sectional elevation on the line 1-4 of Fig. 2; Fig. 5 is a vertical section on the line 55 of Figs. 2 and 4; Fig. 6'is a plan view illustrating the cap of a beam and the junc ture of the belt course and girder therewith; Fig. 7 is a section on the line 77 of Figs. 2 and 8 showing the juncture of the girders with the columns above and below them; Fig. 8 is a plan view of the parts shown in Fig. 7 Fig. 9 is a fragmentary section on the line 9-9 of Fig. 2; Fig. 10 is a sectional plan view on the line 10-10 of Fig. 9; Fig. 11 is a vertical section on the line 11-11 of Figs. 2 and 9; Fig. 12 is a plan view of the parts shown in Fig. 11; Fig. 13 isa section on the line 1313 of Figs. 2 and 9, and Figs. 14 and 15 are detail .views illustrating the manner of-arranging the false work for the formation of the floors.

A indicates the floors of the building. The upper floors are laid in situ, in a monolithic reinforced concrete sheet, over the girders B, and beams O, and meeting the beltcourse D, piers E and curtain walls F. .The'lowermost or ground floor is also laid in situ, but rests on the foundation in the event that the building has no cellar or basement, if it has, however, the ground floor is laid as the others, on girders and beams. The other parts of the building are of peculiar formation enabling them to be individually molded as independent members and erected and as sembled in the special manner which I shall now set forth. All of the various members or elements of the building are suitably reinforced with .iron or other tension bars embedded therein as is well known in the art andno special illustration or description of this is given.

As shown best in Figs. 5 and 11, the piers E areset directly upon each other, the joints coinciding with thetlevel of the floors A, and the bot tom-most piers resting on the foundation. The columns G are in vertical alinement, and as shown best in Fig. 7 bear respectively above and below the girders B. The lowermostcolumns G are set on a specially prepared foundation or base H which is placed just below the floor line. The foundation or base H of concrete with a body or core 20, a bottom 21 and strengthening webs 22 extending upward and inward from the wide bottom 21 to the upper end of the body 20. This element H of the building is molded or cast of concrete andv is placed in position on or in the foundation. Its construction in the manner described provides a strong and practically indestructible support for the column. I construct the main bodies or main portions of the piers and columns of various cross sectionalforms and of such area as is adapted to the stresses involved, while the ends of the iers and columns or other parts, at the points where contact is made, are provided-with enlarged portions furnishing wide bonding surfaces, and hence enabling me to secure that degree of bonding force which the nature of the concrete re quires.

The specific columns G are preferably octagonal in cross-section throu hout their bodies or main portions 24 an are given sufficient cross-sectional area to furnish the necessary strength. Theends25 of the columns are enlarged to furnish the bonding surface and as shown best in Fig. 7, the

- lower ends of the columns are provided at such enlarged portions 25 with ducts or canals 26 extending-from the sides downward and'inward to the bottom. The girders B are formed with ducts 27 directly under pock et is in they lower end 0 .the vother in the under side of the and alined with the ducts eewhne the u per ends of the columns are 'formedfwith ,ucts

28 registeringllwith the duets-.aeandm. I

t is

also form a e points of contact of the ends of the columns with the girder, pockets 29 to receive the bondingcement or other subthe duct 26 and flowing through the same fills the pockets 29 and

ducts

27 and 28. As the cement hardens a perfect bond is effected and the strength of.a monolithic structure results. The bottom-most column G, is set on the base H, in substantially the same manner that the upper oolumnin Fig. 7 is set on the girder. Thus it will be seen that by en-- .larging the bearing surfaces and providing for the flow of the cement grouting over the whole of'the same, I efi'ect the necessary security of the joint without giving to the column excessive weight or lmpairing its strength or appearance. Where the pegs 31 are employed, these may be molded in,the column or girder when the same is formed, or holes may be formedtherein and the pegs inserted as desired, and as the grouting is poured into the pockets it hardens around the 1pegs which remain permanently in the wor The structure and assemblage of the piers E is also important. As shown in the drawing particularly Fig. 2, the corner piers are L-shaped in cross section with inward flanges at the edges while the facade piers are channel shaped in cross section. The ends of the piers are enlarged as at 32, and

the lower ends ofthe piers are formed with pockets 33 to which vertical ducts 34 lead, so that cement grouting may be run into the g y essentially the same method as that before described with reference to the columns.

If desired, the enlarged lower ends 32 of the piers may be formed with vents 35'to permit escape of air as the outing is poured into the=pocket. The piers, it will be obserye'd, from Figs. 5 and 11, are set the one on the other and the upper ends of the piers are recessed at 36 to receive the belt courses D. The belt courses run around the meeting of the girders an the building at the level of the floors, and are in sections meeting at each pier," see Figs. 6 and 12. Fig. 6 shows the meeting of the belt course sections at the sides of the building to which the irders run and Fig. 12, elt coures sections at the sides to which the beams run. The dotted lines in F i 2 show the arrangement of the beams. From Fig. 6, it will be seen, that the girders project into the recesses 36 and are sustained by the piers, while the belt course sections roject into the recesses and abut the sides of the girders, the endof the girder being dove-tailed as shown, to form a lock. The upper ends of the piers and the top surfaces of the girders and belt courses are level' with each other and the enlar ed lower ends of the piers above rest on t ese parts capping and covering the same as shown. The parts shown in 6B, D, and E-are provided with crossing tie rods 38 set in cavities therein to prevent s reading, and as shown in Fig. 5 a vertica tie rod 39 projects through the duct 34 down into the cavity 36. or into a groove formed in the end of the girder. The grouting flows through the duct into the pocket 33 and down into the recess 36 and cavities between the girder and beltcou'rse sections. Tie rods 40 are'employed Where the belt course sections meet as 1n Fig. 12 and these bars have the same function as the bars 38. It will thus be seen that all of the parts are firmly placed in position with full regard to the proper distribution of stresses and stability of arrangement and that with the aid of the tie bars and bonding cement, the whole structure is rendered essentially monolithic and hence the maximum degree of strength is imparted to it.

The curtain walls F are preferably molded integrally with the belt course sections and are in position with the same between the piers as shown. The meeting surfaces of the curtain walls and piers are cemented together'and I prefer to groove the piers and curtain walls as indicated at 41 to permit running the cement in to form the joint. The walls F'serve not only to seal the buildings, but to strengthen and brace the same, acting as truss members on the belt course and between the piers.

As shown best in Figs. 2and 3, the girders B run through the building from end \to end, while the beams 0, run between the girders and from the girders to the belt course at the sides of the building. These girders and beams are individually molded, hardened and set in position. The girders meet over the columnsG, as shown'best in Fig. 8 and are bonded by cement assisted by the tie bars 42, which are set in rooves in the girders and mayextend the w ole or a part of the length thereof. This bonding meat,

, of the girders takes place simultaneously with andfis part offthef-bondin of the.

' portance.

"ers and cement-ed thereto. Thebeamsare lower flange of the beam carry the reinforcing bars as shown at Fig. .7. These bars 7 areembedded in the beam and may be'ofany the beams and make them substantially rec-' tangu'larin form as shown at 43 inFigs. 11

and 13. These enlarged ends are then, dove:

beams meeting the -piers, belt course, and

yvork after the floor. has been set. This column tothegirders as before escribed. The beams C, v arefdove-tailed into; the gird also mortised andif,ldesired dove-tailed into the belt course. It thus appear that all the parts of: the building 'are; secured firmly togethegfbHementirig the parts at the jeints, making a" strong, well balanced structure v g The form of. the beams C, is of much im- I construct the beams substantially. I -shaped in cross section, utilizing the number'desired, varying according tof the varying conditions. ,51 enlarge the ends of tailed 'a f e t he rd s es t inedi see: Fig, 6..' Inorder'further to strengthen the connections, ,the alined, beams, are joined by tie, rodsfillS milar to the rods 42.

Thegbuildin' being. thnSI formed 1 of the in .a-monolithic sheetover the girders and curtain walls, and being bonded to these elements greatly increases the strength of the building. In forming the floors, the con struction of the beams becomes of much importanoe, sinceit not only permits a great saving in amount of material necessary for the construction of thefalse work, but enables me greatly to reducethetime and labor. necessary in erecting and removing the false operation is illustrated in.,Figs.. 14. and 15;

beams, level'or approximately level, with the tops thereof, so that thefloor A may belaid over thebeams and falsework and-united to the former. Thisafalse work consists of planking 44 preferably the -wellw-known tongue and groove material nailed to battens which extend between the beams. To close, the crevices between the planking 44 and the beams C, metal plates 46 are provided and these are held in place by spikes 47 or the; like, driven into the planking. vThe plank-l ing is supported by scantling 48 which bear under the battens and areinturn' supported by dog-bars 49. These are inpairs, the l membersof which are connected'by 'holts50 arranged in slots 51 in the ends of the] scantllng. Said dog bars 49' bear on the I lower flanges of the beams C, as'shown in Figs. 14 and 15'. The false work being in position, the floor is laid over it and the silnplythrowing the dog-bars in or out of engagement with the bottom flanges of the beams. It will'thus appear that not only is the form of the beams C, of itself im ortant, butit enables the false work to be re need in amount and erected and removed with great ease.

To summarize my invention therefore, it enables all the parts of the'building exceptthe floors to be cast or molded separately,

m I independently of the Work of erection of the building and at a point removedtherefrom if desired; it enables the building elements to be assembled with entire adaptability to surroundingconditions and to be united firmly withboth'positive locks and cement bonding, and it allows the floors to be laid 4 in situ over thegirders and beams at a slight expenditure for false 'work, and in such -a I way as. to'tie together and greatly strengthen the building as a whole.

1 Having thusspecifically described the preferred embodiment ,of ,my, invention, what I claim as new and. desire to secure by Letters Patentof the United States,is:

standingon-said meetingvends of the gird- 1,. A building having. individually olded. I concrete girders,running parallel the length of the building in one. direction, 'individ-.

ers, the columns havingtheir main portions engaging the girder ends enlarged to fur- I .nish adequate bonding surface,said ends of The false work 1s 'constructed-betweenthem thecolumns being furnished with cavities the'beams'shaving cavities in the sides of reduced .in cross. sectional area and the ends their main portionsandenlargedends fur- I nished-with dove-tails set into the girders at..the;points of their juncture with the having their main;portionswLt-shaped in cross section, wlth lr iward flanges at their side edge'sand the side piers having their main portions channel-shaped in cross section, the upper ends ofthe pi'ers being enlarged and formedwith recessest-t-the: inner sides, individually molded concrete belt girders,;m-etallictie' rods extending across beams and girders, and after the floor ha'rl-course section's extendingarol'mdthe building-1 &

andset into the said recesses in the enlarged upper ends thereof, the girders at the points of contact with the sides of the building being set in the recesses of the side piers between the ends of the belt course sections, metallic tie rods extending between and connecting the meeting ends of the piers, belt course sections and girders, additional inbonded surfaces, concrete curtain walls bonded between the piers on the belt course, and a monolithic concrete floor laid in situ over the girders and beams and meeting the belt course piers and curtain walls to unite the said elements into a firmly knitted structure.

2. A building having individually molded concrete girders running parallel the lengthof the building in one direction, individually molded concrete columns on which the meeting ends of thegirders are set, additional individually molded concrete columns standing on said meeting ends of the girders,v

the columns having their main portions reduced n cross sectional area and the ends engaging the girders enlarged to furnish. adequate bonding surface, said. ends of thecolu'mns being furnished with cavities to receive the bonding cement, metallic. tie

rods extending vertically from column to column above and below the' girders, additional. metallic tie rods extending horizontally between the meeting ends of the girders, individually molded concrete beams extending between the girders the beams having cavities in the sides of their main portions and enlarged ends turnished with dovetails set into the girders at the points of their juncture with the girders, metallic tie rods extending, across the girders between the meeting ends of the beams, individually molded concrete piers rising at the sides and corners of the building, the corner piers having their main portions L-shape'd in cross section with ii'lwardflanges at their vertical side edges and the end and side piers having their main portions channel shaped in cross section, the upper ends of the piers being enlarged and formed with recesses at. the inner sides, individually molded concrete belt course sections extendin around the building and set into the said recesses in the enlarged upper ends of the piers, the girders at the point of contact with the ends of the building being set in the recesses of the end piers between the ends of the belt course sections, metallictie rods extending between and connecting the meeting ends of the piers, belt coursesections and girders, additional individually 'molded concrete piers respectively set on the girders and beams and meeting the belt course, piers and curtain walls to unite said elements into a firmly knitted structure.

3. A building having individually molded concrete girders running the len th of the building in one direction, individually molded concrete columns sustaining the girders at interior points in the building, addirtional individually molded concrete columns placed above the first named columns and re-" spectively sustained thereby, the adjacent edges of the columns having alined cavities to receive a bonding agent, individually molded concrete beamsrunning the width of the building transversely of the girders and set thereon at interior points in the building,

individually molded concrete piers at the I exterior walls of the building, the corner piers being L-ishaped in cross section and the side and end piers being channel shaped in cross section, and all of the piers havlng their upper ends enlarged or filled 1n between their webs and flanges and such enlarged ends formed with recesses in their inner corner, individually molded concrete belt course sections extending around the building andset in the said recesses of the piers, the girder ends at the end walls of the building being set in the pier recesses between the meeting ends of the corresponding belt course sections and the beam ends at the side walls of the building being set in the corresponding belt course sections, additional piers set on and supported by the first named piers and having enlarged lower ends covering the said recesses in the piers below with ducts in such ends leading to the recesses to permit the application of a bonding agent, curtain walls on the belt course sections and bonded between the lower portions of, said additional piers, and a monolithic concrete floor-laid in sitn over the beams and girders and meeting the piers, belt course sections and curtain walls to unite said'elements into a firmly knitted structure.

4. 'A building having individually molded building eing set on the, pier rec'esses be.

' emetic the building in one direction, individually molded concrete columns sustaining thegirders at interior p'ointsin the building, additional individually v molded concrete heolumns placed "above the. first named ecolumns and respectively sustained thereby, individually molded concrete beams running the width of the building transversely of the girders. and set thereon at interior points in the building,' individually molded concrete piers at the exterior walls of the building, the corner piers being L-shaped in cross section and the side and end piers being channel shaped in cross section, and all of the piers having their upper ends enlarged or filled in between their webs and flanges and such enlarged ends formed with recesses in their inner corner, individually molded concrete belt course sections extending around the building and set in the said recesses of the piers, the girder ends at the end walls of the building being set in the pier recesses between the meeting ends of the corresponding belt course sections and the beam ends at the side walls ofthe building being set on the corresponding belt course sections, additional piers set on and supported by the first named piers and having enlarged lowe'r ends covering the said recesses in thepiers belowy curtain walls on the belt course sections and bonded between the lower portions of said additional piers,-and a monolithic concrete floor laid in situ over thebeams. and ,girders and meeting the piers,-belt course sections and curtain Walls to unite saidelementsinto a firmly knitted structure. w

5. A building having individually molded concrete girders running the len th of the building in one direction, individually molded concrete columns sustaining the gird- *ers at lnterior points in the building, ..adr ditional individually molded concrete columns placed abovethe first named columns and respectively sustained thereby, individ ually moldedconcrete beams running the width of the building transversely of the glrders' and set thereon at interior points in the building, individually molded concretepiers at the exterior-walls of the building,

the corner piers being L-shapedin cross sec-' tion and the side and end piers'being channel shaped in ,cross section, and all of the piers having their upper ends enlarged or fi'lled in between their webs and flanges and such enlarged ends formed with recesses in their inner corner, individually molded concrete belt course sections extending around the building and set in the said recesses of the piers the irder endsat the end walls of the tween the meeting ends of the corresponding belt course sections-and the beam end's'at the; side walls of the building being set'o'n the I beams .runnin ing the said recesses'in the piers below, and

a monolithic concrete floor laid in site over the beams and girders and meeting the piers, and belt course sections to unite said elements into a 'firmly' knitted structure.

6. A building having individually molded concrete girders'running the length of the building in one direction, means for sustainin the girders at interior points inthe building, individually molded concrete the width of the building transverselyo the girders and set thereon at interior points in the building, individually molded concrete piers at the, exterior walls of the building, the corner piers being L- shaped in cross section and the side and end piers bein channel shaped in cross, section, and all 0 thepiers having their upper ends enlarged or filled in between their webs and flanges andsuch enlarged ends formed with recesses in their inner corner, individually molded concrete belt course sections ex tending around the building and set in the said recesses of the piers, the girder ends at the end walls of the building. being set onthepier recesses between the meeting ends of the corresponding belt course sections and the beam ends at the side walls of the building being 'set on the corresponding belt course sections, additional lers set on and supported'by the first name piers and hav-.

ing enlarged lower ends covering the said recesses in the piers below, and a monolithic concrete floor ,laid in situ over the beams and girders and meeting the iers,'and belt course sections to unite said cements into a firmly knitted structure.

7. A building havmg individually molded concrete girders running the length of the building in one direction, individually molded concrete columns sustaining the girders at interior points in the building, additional individually molded concrete columns placed above the first named columns and sustained thereby, individually molded concrete beams running the' width of the buildlng transversely ofthe girders and sustained thereon at interior points the building, individually mold'ed concrete piers at the exterior walls of'th'e' building said piers having recesses atthe upper extremities of their inner sides, individually molded concrete belt course sections eix'tendin around the exterior walls of'thebuildmg and set in the recesses of the pie'r's, the girder ends at the end walls of the building being set in said recesses of the: i'ers between theend's of the corres i'o'ndiii'gf lt' 'cour'se' sections and the beam ends at theside' walls of the building being set on the corresponding'belt' course sections,- additio'nal individually molded con-- crete piers set on the first named piers and covering thesaid' recesses therein, curtain walls on the belt course sections and bonded' between. the lower ends of the said additional piers and a monolithic concrete floor laid in situ over the girders and beams and.

meeting the belt course sections, piers and curtain walls to unite the whole into a firmly knitted structure.

8. A buildingv having individually molded concrete girders running the length of the building in one direction, individually mold- ,at interior points in the building, additional ed concrete columns sustaining the girders terior walls of the building and set in the recesses of the piers, the girder ends at the end walls of the building being set in said recesses of the'piers between the ends of the corresponding belt course sections and the beam ends at the side walls of the building being set on the corresponding belt course sections, additional individually molded concrete piers set on the first named piers and covering the said recesses therein, and a monolithic concrete floor laid in site over the girders and beams and meeting the piers and belt course sections to unite the whole into a firmly knitted structure.

9. A building having individually molded concrete girders running the length of the building in one direction, means for sustaining the girders at points within the building," individually molded concrete beams running the width of the building transversely of the girders and sustained therein at interior points in the building,

individually molded concrete piers at the exterior walls of the building, said piers hav- 'ing recesses at the upper extremities of their inner I sides, individually molded concrete belt course sections extending around the exterior walls of the bui-lding and set in the recesses of the piers, the girder ends at the end walls of the building being set in said recesses of the piers between the ends of the corresponding belt course sections and the beam ends at the side walls of the building being set on the corresponding beltcourse sections, additional individually molded concrete piers set on the first named piers and covering the said recesses therein, and a monolithic concrete floor laid in situ over the girders and beams and meeting the piers and belt course sections to unite the whole into a-firmly knitted structure.

10. A building having individually molded concrete girders running the length of the biiilding in one direction, means for sus- 't'aining the girders at points within the i building, individually molded concrete beams running the width of the building transversely of the girders and sustained therein at interior points in the building, individually molded concrete piers at the exterior walls of the building, said piers having recesses at the upper extremities of their inner sides, individually molded concrete belt course sections extending around the exterior walls of the building and set in therecesses of the piers, the girder ends at the end walls of the building being also set in said recesses of the piers, and the beam ends at the side walls of the building being set on the corresponding belt course sections additional individually molded "concrete piers set on the first named piers and covering the said recesses therein, and a monolithic concrete floor laid in situ over the girders and beams and meeting the piers and belt course sections to unitethe whole into a firmly knitted structure.

11. A building having pairs of individually molded concrete piers resting one on the other end to end and one pier of each pair having a notch or recess at'its end adjacent to the other pier, individually molded concrete girders with their outer ends received in the said recesses, means for supporting the girders at interior points in the building, individually molded belt course sections extending around the building and also set in said recesses of the piers, individually molded concrete beams set on the girders and on the belt course sections at the side of the building, and a monolithic concrete floor laid in situ over the girders and beams and meeting the piers and belt course sections to unite the whole into a firmly knitted structure.

12. A building having pairs of individually molded concrete piers set on each other end .to end, one pier of each pair having a recess in its extremity\ adjacent to the other pier, an individually molded concrete belt course section set in said recess and sustained by the'lower pier, individually molded concrete' bea ms set on said beltcourse and a monolithic concrete floor laid in situ over the beams and meeting the 'belt course and piers to unite the whole into a firmly knitted structure.

13. A building having pairs of individually molded concrete piers set on each other end to end, one pier of each pair having a recess in its extremity adjacent to the other pier, individually molded concrete girders set in said recesses in the piers, individually molded concretebelt course sections extending'aroundthebuilding and alsoset in said recesses of the piers, and a monolithic concrete floor laid in sz'tu over the girders and meeting the piers and belt coursesections to, unite the whole into a firmly knitted structure. 1 x I 14. A building having pairs of individually molded concrete piers set on each other end to end, one pier of each pair having a recess in its extremity adjacent to'the' otherpier, individually molded Concrete lrders set in said recesses 1n the piers, lndlvldually molded concrete belt course sections extending around the building and also set in said recesses of the piers with their ends respectively contacting with the sides ofthe girder ends and a monolithic concrete floor laid in situ over the girders and meeting the piers and belt course sections to unite the wholem-to a firmly knitted structure.

15. A building having pairs of individually molded concrete piers set on each other end to end, one pier of each pair havinga recess in its extremity adjacent to the other pier, individually molded concrete girders set. in said recesses in the piers, individually molded concrete belt course sections extending around the building and also set in said recesses of the piers with their ends respectively contacting with the sides of the girder ends, a inetalhc tie extending across the girder end between t-he belt course sections, and a monolithic concrete floor laid in "sz'tu over the girders and meeting the piers and belt course sections to unite-the wholeinto a firmly knitted structure.

16. A building having pairs of individually molded concrete piers setfon each other end to end, one pier of each pair having a i'eccssin its extremity adjacent to theother pier, individually molded concrete girders set in said recesses in the piers, individually molded concrete belt course sections extending around the building and also set in said recesses of the piers, with their ends respectively contacting with the sides of the girder ends, a metallic tie extending across the .girder end between the belt course sections,

lithic concrete floor laid in situ over the girder and beams to unite them firmly.

18. A" building having an indivldually molded concrete column with a duct in its upper end, an, individually molded concrete girder set on the column and having a duct communlcatmg with the first named duct, a

second. individually molded concrete columnset on the girder and having in its lower end a duct conmiunicating with the other ducts and a cementing substance uniting the parts and contained in said. ducts.

19. A building having an individually molded concrete column with a duct in its upped end, an individually molded concrete girder set on the column and having a duct communicating with the first named duct, a

second individually molded concrete column set on the girder and having in its lower end a duct communicatin with the other ducts, the duct of the second column bein open at its upper end to permit pouring a iquid ee- ,ment into the ducts and a cementing sub- 1 stance uniting the parts and contained in said ducts. 20. A concrete building having an individually molded concrete, pier with a recess at the side of its upper portion, an individually molded concrete building element set in said recess, a second individually molded concretepier set on the first pier and on said building element in the recess thereof, the

second pier'having a duct therein adapted to lead the bonding agent to the joint be- "tween the-v piers and said building element and a cementing substance uniting the parts and contained in said ducts. I

21. A concrete building, havlng an individually molded concrete pier with an en- -larged upper end furnishing a bonding surface and provided with a recess, a building element set in said recess, a second individually molded concrete pier set on the enlarged upper end of the first pier and on the buildlOU ingelement therein and provided with an enlarged, lower end furnishing a bonding surface, the second pier having a duct in 1ts enlarged lower end adapted to lead a bonding agent to the joint and a cementing substance uniting the parts and contained in said ducts.

22. A concrete building having an individually molded concrete pier w th an enlarged upper end furnishing a bonding surface and rovided with a recess, a building element p aced in said-recess, a second individually molded concrete pier set on the enlarged upper end of the first pier and on the building element therein and provided with an enlarged lower end furnishing a bonding vsurface, the second named pier having a pocket in its enlarged lower end to receive the bonding agent and a duct to lead the .bonding agent to said pocket and a cementing substance uniting the parts and contained in said ducts.

23 An individually molded concrete pier for concrete buildings composed of Webs anthe purpose specified, the said enlarged end 01? the pier having a pocket therein to receive a bonding substance and a duct leading from (he pocket upward and open at its upper end to permit pouring the bonding substance. into said pocket. i

24. An individually molded concrete pier tor concrete buildings composed of webs angularly disposedto each other and having gularly disposed to each other and having an an end portion enlarged between the webs for ond pertion enlarged between the webs for the purpose specified, the said enlarged end of the pier having a pocket therein to receive a bonding substance.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification'in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

Y 'ERNEST LESLIE RANSOME.

Witnesses EDITH J. FULLER, ISAAC B. OWENS.