Classifications

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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D498/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D498/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D498/04—Ortho-condensed systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
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  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
  • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D403/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
  • C07D403/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D405/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D409/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
  • C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D491/04—Ortho-condensed systems
  • C07D491/044—Ortho-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring
  • C07D491/048—Ortho-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring the oxygen-containing ring being five-membered

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a novel heterocyclic compound, a production method thereof and a medicament containing same and the like. More particularly, the present invention relates to a compound having an inhibitory action on phosphodiesterase 10A and effective as a medicament for the prophylaxis or treatment of mental diseases such as schizophrenia and the like, and the like.
• Phosphodiesterase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes cAMP and cGMP that function as intracellular second messengers into 5′-AMP and 5′-GMP, respectively.
• PDE gene is constituted with 21 genes, and currently classified into 11 kinds of families based on the molecular structure of the enzymes. Furthermore, each PDE is classified into the following 3 kinds: 1) cAMP-PDEs (PDE4, PDE7, PDE8), 2) cGMP-PDE (PDE5, PDE6, PDE9), and 3) dual-substrate PDEs (PDE1, PDE2, PDE3, PDE10, PDE11), based on the substrate specificity.
• cAMP and cGMP are involved in various physiological functions such as control of ion channel, muscle relaxation, learning and memory function, differentiation, apoptosis, lipogenesis, glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Particularly, they are known to play an important role in the differentiation and survival, as well as control of neurotransmission of the nerve cell (non-patent document 1).
• Phosphorylation of various molecules that control physiological functions such as transcription factors ion channel and receptor which is caused by protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase G (PKG), contributes to such control by cAMP and cGMP, and the amounts of cAMP and cGMP in the cell are under spatiotemporal regulation via generation by adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase in response to extracellular stimulations and degradation thereof by PDE (non-patent document 2). Since PDE is a sole enzyme that decomposes cAMP and cGMP in vivo, PDE is considered to play an important role in the regulation of cyclic nucleotide signaling.
• PDE10A is a molecule cloned by 3 independent groups and reported in 1999 (non-patent documents 3, 4). Expression analysis thereof has clarified that PDE10A shows high expression only in the brain and testis, and has a localized expression pattern in the PDE family (non-patent documents 5, 6). In the brain, both PDE10A mRNA and PDE10A protein show high expression in medium spiny nerve cells of the striatum (medium spiny neurons, MSNs) (non-patent documents 7, 8). MSNs are classified as two major kinds of pathways. One of them is called a direct pathway or nigrostriatal pathway, and mainly expresses dopamine D 1 receptors.
• the other pathway, indirect pathway is called a striatum-globus pallidus pathway, and mainly expresses dopamine D 2 receptors.
• the direct pathway is involved in the functions of motion execution and reward learning and, on the other hand, the indirect pathway is involved in the suppression of motility.
• the activity of the output nucleus of the basal nucleus is regulated by the balance of antagonistic inputs from these two kinds of pathways. Since PDE10A is expressed in MSNs of both pathways, the both pathways are considered to be activated by inhibition of PDE10A. Since the action of existing antipsychotic agents having a D 2 receptor shutting off action is mainly mediated by the activation of indirect pathway, a PDE10A inhibitor is expected to show an anti-mental disease action like existing drugs.
• PDE10A shows striatum pathway specific expression and shows a lower expression level in the pituitary gland mainly involved in the prolactin release
• PDE10A inhibitor is considered to have no prolactin concentration increasing action in plasma.
• PDE10A is also expressed in the direct pathway MSNs and activated by a PDE10A inhibitor, it is considered to have superior characteristics than existing antipsychotic agents that activate only indirect pathways. That is, since the direct pathway is involved in the motion execution, it is considered to antagonistically act against extrapyramidal syndrome caused by excessive activation of indirect pathway.
• this pathway is expected to show actions to enhance the output from the striatum-thalamus circuit and promote cognitive functions of reward learning and problem solving. Since existing antipsychotic agents show a shutting off action on many receptors, they pose problems of side effects such as body weight increase and abnormal metabolism. PDE10A inhibitor is also considered to be superior to the existing drugs in the side effects, since it directly activates second messenger signaling without blocking dopamine and/or other neurotransmitter receptors. In view of the specific expression and its function in the brain nerve system, PDE10A is considered to be useful as a drug discovery target in neurological diseases, in particular, mental diseases such as schizophrenia.
• Patent document 1 discloses, as a PDE10A inhibitor, a compound of the following formula:
• Patent document 2 discloses, as a PDE10A inhibitor, a compound of the following formula:
• Patent document 3 discloses, as a PDE10A inhibitor, a compound of the following formula:
• Patent document 4 discloses, as a PDE10A inhibitor, a compound of the following formula:
• Patent document 5 discloses the following compound as a PDE10A inhibitor.
• Patent document 6 discloses, as a PDE10A inhibitor, a compound of the following formula:
• Patent document 7 discloses lifespan altering compounds represented by
• Patent document 8 discloses compounds having a neutrophil elastase inhibitory action and production intermediate compounds therefor, which are represented by
• Non-patent document 9 discloses the following compound:
• Patent document 9 discloses, as a PDE10A inhibitor, a compound of the following formula:
• the present invention aims to provide a compound having a PDE10A inhibitory action and useful as a prophylactic or therapeutic drug for mental diseases such as schizophrenia and the like.
• the present inventors discovered that a compound expressed by the formula (1 x ) or a salt thereof (referred to as compound (1 x ) in this specification), and a compound expressed by the formula (1) or a salt thereof (referred to as compound (1) in this specification) have a PDE 10A inhibitory action and after extensive investigation, completed the present invention.
• the compound (1 x ) or compound (1), or a prodrug thereof is also referred to the compound of the present invention.
• R x1 and R x5 are the same or different and each is a substituent
• R x2 , R x3 and R x4 are the same or different and each is absent, a hydrogen atom or a substituent
• ring A x is a 5- or 6-membered ring optionally further substituted
• ring B x is a heterocycle optionally further substituted, wherein any two of R x1 , R x2 , R x3 and R x4 are optionally bonded to form, together with ring A x , an optionally substituted bicyclic fused ring, or an optionally substituted tricyclic fused ring, or a salt thereof, [2] the compound of the above-mentioned [1], which is represented by the formula (1 x ′)
• R x1′ and R x5′ are substituents
• R x2′ and R x3′ are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom or a substituent
• ring B x′ is a heterocycle optionally further substituted, provided that when R x1′ is an optionally substituted aromatic ring, ring B x′ is not a 5-membered aromatic heterocycle optionally further substituted, or a salt thereof, [3] a compound represented by the formula (1) W 1 -W 2 (1) wherein (1) when W 1 is
• ring A a is an optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered heterocycle;
• X a is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or —NR a — (R a is a hydrogen atom or a substituent); and R 1a is a substituent),
• W 2 is
• ring A b is a ring optionally further substituted; ring B b is an optionally substituted ring; ring D b is an optionally substituted 6- to 10-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring; and n is 0, 1 or 2), W 2 is
• ring A c is a 6-membered heterocycle optionally further substituted; ring B c is an optionally substituted 6-membered aromatic ring; R 1c is a hydrogen atom or a substituent (excluding an aromatic ring group and —CO—R x (R x is a substituent)); and R 2c is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, an oxo group or an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkoxy group), W 2 is
• ring A d is an optionally substituted 3- to 10-membered non-aromatic ring; and R 1d is a hydrogen atom or a C 1-6 alkoxy group), W 2 is
• ring B d is a 5-membered aromatic heterocycle optionally further substituted; and R 2d is a substituent, (5) when W 1 is
• R 1e is a C 1-6 alkoxy group
• R 3e is an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group, optionally substituted 3- to 6-membered hydrocarbon ring group, or an optionally substituted 5- to 10-membered heterocyclic group
• L e is an optionally substituted C 1-3 alkylene group or a sulfonyl group
• W 2 is
• R 1f is an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkoxy group
• R 2f is a hydrogen atom or a substituent
• R 1f is an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group or an optionally substituted cyclic group
• W 2 is
• ring A f is a non-aromatic 5-membered heterocycle optionally further substituted; and R 4f is an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group or an optionally substituted cyclic group), provided that a compound wherein the partial structural formula for W 1
• the compound of the present invention has a PDE 10A inhibitory activity and is useful as a drug for preventing or treating schizophrenia, etc.
• halogen atom examples include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
• halogenated or the term “halogeno” means that one or more (e.g., 1 to 3) halogen atoms can be present as substituents.
• alkyl (group) examples include C 1-6 alkyl (group).
• C 1-6 alkyl (group) examples include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, and hexyl.
• halogenated C 1-6 alkyl (group) means C 1-6 alkyl (group) which can be substituted by halogen atom(s), and examples thereof include trifluoromethyl.
• alkenyl (group) examples include C 2-6 alkenyl (group).
• examples of the “C 2-6 alkenyl (group)” include vinyl, 1-propen-1-yl, 2-propen-1-yl, isopropenyl, 2-buten-1-yl, 4-penten-1-yl, and 5-hexen-1-yl.
• examples of the “alkynyl (group)” include C 2-6 alkynyl (group).
• examples of the “C 2-6 alkynyl (group)” include ethynyl, 1-propyn-1-yl, 2-propyn-1-yl, 4-pentyn-1-yl, and 5-hexyn-1-yl.
• examples of the “C 3-7 cycloalkyl-C 2-6 alkynyl (group)” include cyplopropyletynyl.
• examples of the “C 3-7 cycloalkyl (group)” include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl.
• examples of the “C 6-14 aryl (group)” include phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 2-biphenylyl, 3-biphenylyl, 4-biphenylyl, and 2-anthryl.
• examples of the “C 7-16 aralkyl (group)” include benzyl, phenethyl, diphenylmethyl, 1-naphthylmethyl, 2-naphthylmethyl, 2,2-diphenylethyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 4-phenylbutyl, 5-phenylpentyl, 2-biphenylylmethyl, 3-biphenylylmethyl, and 4-biphenylylmethyl.
• examples of the “C 6-14 aryl-C 2-6 alkenyl (group)” include styryl.
• heterocycle examples include a 3- to 8-membered heterocycle containing 1-4 hetero atoms selected from a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom and an oxygen atom.
• heterocycle examples include a non-aromatic heterocycle, and an aromatic heterocycle can be mentioned.
• non-aromatic heterocycle examples include a 3- to 8-membered non-aromatic heterocycle and the like. Concrete examples thereof include oxirane ring, azetidine ring, oxetane ring, thietane ring, pyrrolidine ring, dihydrofuran ring, tetrahydrofuran ring, tetrahydrothiophene ring, imidazolidine ring, oxazolidine ring, isooxazoline ring, piperidine ring, dihydropyran ring, tetrahydropyran ring, tetrahydrothiopyran ring, morpholine ring, thiomorpholine ring, piperazine ring, dihydrooxazin ring, tetrahydrooxazin ring, dihydropyrimidine ring, tetrahydropyrimidine ring, azepane
• examples of the “aromatic heterocycle” include a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocycle. Concrete examples thereof include furan ring, pyran ring, thiopyran ring, thiophene ring, pyrrole ring, oxazole ring, isoxazole ring, thiazole ring, isothiazole ring, imidazole ring, pyrazole ring, 1,2,3-oxadiazole ring, 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring, 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring, furazan ring, 1,2,3-thiadiazole ring, 1,2,4-thiadiazole ring, 1,3,4-thiadiazole ring, 1,2,3-triazole ring, 1,2,4-triazole ring, tetrazole ring, pyridine ring, pyridazine ring, dihydropyridazine ring, pyrimidine ring,
• hydrocarbon ring examples include “aromatic hydrocarbon ring”, and “non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring”.
• examples of the “aromatic hydrocarbon ring” include an aromatic hydrocarbon ring having a carbon number of 6-14. Concrete examples thereof include benzene ring, naphthalene ring, anthracene ring, and phenanthrene ring. Unless otherwise specified, the “aromatic hydrocarbon ring” may be monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic.
• non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring examples include a C 3-7 cycloalkane, a C 3-7 cycloalkene and a C 4-10 cycloalkadiene.
• hydrocarbon ring group examples include “aromatic hydrocarbon ring group”, and “non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring group”.
• examples of the “aromatic hydrocarbon ring group” include an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group having a carbon number 6-14. Concrete examples thereof include phenyl group, naphthyl group, anthracenyl group, and phenanthrenyl ring. Unless otherwise specified, the “aromatic hydrocarbon ring group” may be monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic.
• non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring group examples include a C 3-7 cycloalkyl (group), a C 3-7 cycloalkenyl (group), and a C 4-10 cycloalkadienyl (group), each of which may be condensed with one or more (preferably 1 or 2) hydrocarbon rings.
• heterocyclic group (and a heterocyclic moiety in a substituent) is a non-aromatic heterocyclic group, or a heteroaryl group (i.e., aromatic heterocyclic group), and examples thereof include a 3- to 14-membered heterocyclic group having 1 to 5 hetero atoms selected from a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom and an oxygen atom.
• This “heterocyclic group” can be monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic.
• examples of the “3- to 14-membered heterocyclic group” include a 3- to 14-membered aromatic heterocyclic group having 1 to 5 hetero atoms selected from a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom and an oxygen atom such as pyrrolyl (e.g., 1-pyrrolyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl), furyl (e.g., 2-furyl, 3-furyl), thienyl (e.g., 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl), pyrazolyl (e.g., 1-pyrazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl), imidazolyl (e.g., 1-imidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl), isoxazolyl (e.g., 3-isoxazolyl, 4-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl), oxazolyl (e.g., 2-oxazolyl,
• pyrrolyl
• examples of the “aromatic heterocyclic group” include the “3- to 14-membered aromatic heterocyclic group having 1 to 5 hetero atoms selected from a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom and an oxygen atom” as exemplified above as the above-mentioned “heterocyclic group”.
• non-aromatic heterocyclic group examples include the “saturated or unsaturated 3- to 14-membered non-aromatic heterocyclic group having 1 to 5 hetero atoms selected from a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom and an oxygen atom” as exemplified above as the above-mentioned “heterocyclic group”.
• examples of the “saturated heterocyclic group” include those saturated among the above-mentioned non-aromatic heterocyclic groups. Specific examples thereof include tetrahydrofuryl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl and the like.
• examples of the “5- to 6-membered saturated heterocyclic group” include those having 5- to 6-membered group from among the above-mentioned saturated heterocyclic groups.
• nitrogen-containing heterocycle examples include 3- to 8-membered saturated or unsaturated nitrogen-containing heterocycle containing, as a ring constituting atom besides carbon atom, 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, and further optionally containing 1 or 2 hetero atoms selected from an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom (said sulfur atom is optionally oxidized).
• pyrrole imidazole, pyrazole, triazole, tetrazolylpyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, dihydropyridazine, azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, piperazine, azepane, tetrahydropyrimidine, dihydropyridine, tetrahydropyridine and the like.
• alkoxy (group) examples include C 1-6 alkoxy (group).
• C 1-6 alkoxy (group) examples include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, pentyloxy and hexyloxy.
• examples of the “C 3-7 cycloalkyloxy (group)” include cyclopropyloxy, cyclobutyloxy, cyclopentyloxy and cyclohexyloxy.
• examples of the “C 6-14 aryloxy (group)” include phenyloxy, 1-naphthyloxy and 2-naphthyloxy.
• examples of the “C 7-16 aralkyloxy (group)” include benzyloxy and phenethyloxy.
• alkyl-carbonyloxy (group) examples include C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyloxy (group).
• C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyloxy (group) examples include acetoxy and propionyloxy.
• alkoxy-carbonyloxy (group) examples include C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyloxy (group).
• C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyloxy (group) examples include methoxycarbonyloxy, ethoxycarbonyloxy, propoxycarbonyloxy and butoxycarbonyloxy.
• examples of the “mono-alkyl-carbamoyloxy (group)” include mono-C 1-6 alkyl-carbamoyloxy (group).
• examples of the “mono-C 1-6 alkyl-carbamoyloxy (group)” include methylcarbamoyloxy and ethylcarbamoyloxy.
• examples of the “di-alkyl-carbamoyloxy (group)” include di-C 1-6 alkyl-carbamoyloxy (group).
• examples of the “di-C 1-6 alkyl-carbamoyloxy (group)” include dimethylcarbamoyloxy and diethylcarbamoyloxy.
• examples of the “C 6-14 aryl-carbonyloxy (group)” include benzoyloxy and naphthylcarbonyloxy.
• examples of the “mono- or di-C 6-14 aryl-carbamoyloxy (group)” include phenylcarbamoyloxy and naphthylcarbamoyloxy.
• heterocyclic moiety of the “heterocyclyl-oxy (group)” include those similar to the above-mentioned “heterocyclic group”.
• specific examples of the “heterocyclyl-oxy (group)” include 5- to 14-membered heterocyclyl-oxy (group) having 1 to 5 hetero atoms selected from a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom and an oxygen atom.
• examples of the aromatic heterocyclic moiety of the “heterocyclyl-oxy (group)” include those similar to the “aromatic heterocyclic group” as examples of the above-mentioned “heterocyclic group”.
• Specific examples of the “aromatic heterocyclyl-oxy (group)” include 3- to 14-membered aromatic heterocyclyl-oxy (group) having 1 to 5 hetero atoms selected from a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom and an oxygen atom.
• C 1-6 alkylsulfonyloxy (group) examples include methylsulfonyloxy and ethylsulfonyloxy.
• halogeno C 1-6 alkylsulfonyloxy (group) examples include halogenomethylsulfonyloxy and halogenoethylsulfonyloxy.
• alkylsulfanyl (group) examples include C 1-6 alkylsulfanyl (group).
• C 1-6 alkylsulfanyl (group) examples include methylsulfanyl, ethylsulfanyl, propylsulfanyl, isopropylsulfanyl, butylsulfanyl, sec-butylsulfanyl, and tert-butylsulfanyl.
• examples of the “C 3-7 cycloalkylsulfanyl (group)” include cyclopropylsulfanyl, cyclobutylsulfanyl, cyclopentylsulfanyl and cyclohexylsulfanyl.
• examples of the “C 6-14 arylsulfanyl (group)” include phenylsulfanyl, 1-naphthylsulfanyl and 2-naphthylsulfanyl.
• examples of the “C 7-16 aralkylsulfanyl (group)” include benzylsufanyl and phenethylsulfanyl.
• heterocyclic moiety of the “heterocyclyl-sulfanyl (group)” include those similar to the above-mentioned “heterocyclic group”.
• Specific examples of the “heterocyclyl-sulfanyl (group)” include 5- to 14-membered heterocyclyl-sulfanyl (group) having 1 to 5 hetero atoms selected from a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom and an oxygen atom.
• alkyl-carbonyl (group) examples include C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl (group).
• C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl (group) examples include acetyl, propionyl and pivaloyl.
• examples of the “C 3-7 cycloalkyl-carbonyl (group)” include cyclopropylcarbonyl, cyclopentylcarbonyl and cyclohexylcarbonyl.
• examples of the “C 6-14 aryl-carbonyl (group)” include benzoyl, 1-naphthoyl and 2-naphthoyl.
• examples of the “C 7-16 aralkyl-carbonyl (group)” include phenylacetyl and 3-phenylpropionyl.
• heterocyclyl-carbonyl (group) examples include those similar to the above-mentioned “heterocyclic group”. Specific examples thereof include 3- to 14-membered heterocyclyl-carbonyl (group) having 1 to 5 hetero atoms selected from a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom and an oxygen atom.
• More specific examples thereof include picolinoyl, nicotinoyl, isonicotinoyl, 2-thenoyl, 3-thenoyl, 2-furoyl, 3-furoyl, 1-morpholinylcarbonyl, 4-thiomorpholinylcarbonyl, aziridin-1-ylcarbonyl, aziridin-2-ylcarbonyl, azetidin-1-ylcarbonyl, azetidin-2-ylcarbonyl, pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl, pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl, pyrrolidin-3-ylcarbonyl, piperidin-1-ylcarbonyl, piperidin-2-ylcarbonyl, piperidin-3-ylcarbonyl, azepan-1-ylcarbonyl, azepan-2-ylcarbonyl, azepan-3-ylcarbonyl, azepan-4-ylcarbonyl, azocan-1-ylcarbony
• examples of the “optionally esterified carboxy (group)” include carboxy, optionally substituted alkoxy-carbonyl, optionally substituted C 3-7 cycloalkyloxy-carbonyl, optionally substituted C 6-14 aryloxy-carbonyl, optionally substituted C 7-16 aralkyloxy-carbonyl, and optionally substituted silyloxy-carbonyl (e.g., TMS—O—CO—, TES—O—CO—, TBS—O—CO—, TIPS—O—CO—, TBDPS—O—CO—) and the like.
• alkoxy-carbonyl (group) examples include “C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl (group)”.
• C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl (group) examples include methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, and tert-butoxycarbonyl.
• examples of the “C 3-7 cycloalkyloxy-carbonyl (group)” include cyclopropyloxycarbonyl, cyclopentyloxycarbonyl, and cyclohexyloxycarbonyl.
• examples of the “C 6-14 aryloxy-carbonyl (group)” include phenoxycarbonyl.
• examples of the “C 7-16 aralkyloxy-carbonyl (group)” include benzyloxycarbonyl and phenethyloxycarbonyl.
• alkylsulfonyl (group) examples include C 1-6 alkylsulfonyl (group).
• C 1-6 alkylsulfonyl (group) examples include methylsulfonyl and ethylsulfonyl.
• examples of the “C 3-7 cycloalkylsulfonyl (group)” include cyclopropylsulfonyl, cyclobutylsulfonyl, cyclopentylsulfonyl and cyclohexylsulfonyl.
• examples of the “C 6-14 arylsulfonyl (group)” include phenylsulfonyl, 1-naphthylsulfonyl and 2-naphthylsulfonyl.
• heterocyclic moiety of the “heterocyclyl-sulfonyl (group)” include those similar to the above-mentioned “heterocyclic group”.
• specific examples of the “heterocyclyl-sulfonyl (group)” include 5- to 14-membered heterocyclyl-sulfonyl (group) having 1 to 5 hetero atoms selected from a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom and an oxygen atom.
• alkylsulfinyl (group) examples include C 1-6 alkylsulfinyl (group).
• C 1-6 alkylsulfinyl (group) examples include methylsulfinyl and ethylsulfinyl.
• examples of the “C 3-7 cycloalkylsulfinyl (group)” include cyclopropylsulfinyl, cyclobutylsulfinyl, cyclopentylsufinyl, and cyclohexysulfinyl.
• examples of the “C 6-14 arylsulfinyl (group)” include phenylsulfinyl, 1-naphthylsulfinyl and 2-naphthylsulfinyl.
• heterocyclic moiety of the “heterocyclyl-sulfinyl (group)” include those similar to the above-mentioned “heterocyclic group”.
• Specific examples of the “heterocyclyl-sulfinyl (group)” include 5- to 14-membered heterocyclyl-sulfinyl (group) having 1 to 5 hetero atoms selected from a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom and an oxygen atom.
• alkyl-carbamoyl (group) examples include mono- or di-C 1-6 alkyl-carbamoyl (group).
• examples of the “mono- or di-C 1-6 alkyl-carbamoyl (group)” include methylcarbamoyl, ethylcarbamoyl, propylcarbamoyl, dimethylcarbamoyl, diethylcarbamoyl and ethylmethylcarbamoyl.
• aryl-carbamoyl (group) examples include mono-, or di-C 6-14 aryl-carbamoyl (group)”.
• examples of the “mono-, or di-C 6-14 aryl-carbamoyl (group)” include phenylcarbamoyl, 1-naphthylcarbamoyl, and 2-naphthylcarbamoyl.
• examples of the “mono- or di-alkylamino (group)” include mono- or di-C 1-6 alkylamino (group).
• examples of the “mono- or di-C 1-6 alkylamino (group)” include methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino, dimethylamino and diethylamino.
• alkyl-carbonylamino (group) examples include C 1-6 alkyl-carbonylamino.
• C 1-6 alkyl-carbonylamino (group) examples include acetylamino, propionylamino and pivaloylamino.
• heterocyclic group of the “heterocyclyl-amino (group)”, for example, those similar to the above-mentioned “heterocyclic group” can be used.
• heterocyclyl-amino (group) examples include 2-pyridyl-amino.
• heterocyclyl-carbonyl of the “heterocyclyl-carbonylamino (group)”, those similar to the above-mentioned “heterocyclyl-carbonyl” can be used.
• heterocyclyl-carbonylamino (group) examples include pyridyl-carbonylamino.
• heterocyclic (group) of the “heterocyclyl-oxycarbonylamino (group)”, those similar to the above-mentioned “heterocyclic group” can be used.
• heterocyclyl-oxycarbonylamino (group) examples include 2-pyridyl-oxycarbonylamino.
• heterocyclic (group) of the “heterocyclyl-sulfonylamino (group)”, for example, those similar to the above-mentioned “heterocyclic group” can be used.
• heterocyclyl-sulfonylamino (group) examples include 2-pyridyl-sulfonylamino.
• alkoxy-carbonylamino (group) examples include C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonylamino (group).
• C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonylamino (group) include methoxycarbonylamino, ethoxycarbonylamino, propoxycarbonylamino and butoxycarbonylamino.
• alkylsulfonylamino (group) examples include C 1-6 alkylsulfonylamino (group).
• C 1-6 alkylsulfonylamino (group) examples include methylsulfonylamino and ethylsulfonylamino.
• examples of the “mono- or di-C 3-7 cycloalkylamino (group)” include cyclopropylamino, cyclopentylamino and cyclohexylamino.
• examples of the “C 3-7 cycloalkyl-carbonylamino (group)” include cyclopropylcarbonylamino, cyclopentylcarbonylamino and cyclohexylcarbonylamino.
• examples of the “C 3-7 cycloalkyloxy-carbonylamino (group)” include cyclopropoxycarbonylamino, cyclopentyloxycarbonylamino and cyclohexyloxycarbonylamino.
• examples of the “C 3-7 cycloalkylsulfonylamino (group)” include cyclopropylsulfonylamino, cyclopentylsulfonylamino and cyclohexylsulfonylamino.
• examples of the “mono- or di-C 6-14 arylamino (group)” include phenylamino and diphenylamino.
• examples of the “mono- or di-C 7-16 aralkylamino (group)” include benzylamino.
• examples of the “C 6-14 aryl-carbonylamino (group)” include benzoylamino and naphthoylamino.
• examples of the “C 6-14 arylsulfonylamino (group)” include phenylsulfonylamino, 2-naphthylsulfonylamino and 1-naphthylsulfonylamino.
• C 1-3 alkylene (group) examples include methylene, ethylene, propylene, —CH(CH 3 )—CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH(CH 3 )—, —C(CH 3 ) 2 — and the like.
• optionally substituted alkynyl group e.g., optionally substituted C 3-7 cycloalkyl-C 2-6 alkynyl group
• amino group [e.g., amino, optionally substituted mono-, or di-alkylamino group, optionally substituted mono-, or di-C 3-7 cycloalkylamino group, optionally substituted mono-, or di-C 6-14 arylamino group, optionally substituted mono-, or di-C 7-16 aralkylamino group, optionally substituted heterocyclyl-amino group, optionally substituted C 6-14 aryl-carbonylamino group, formylamino group, optionally substituted alkyl-carbonylamino group (e.g., mono-(C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl)-amino group), optionally substituted C 3-7 cycloalkyl-carbonylamino group, optionally substituted heterocyclyl-carbonylamino group, optionally substituted alkoxy-carbonylamino group, optionally substituted C 3-7 cycloalkyloxy-carbonylamino group, optionally substituted
• the number of said substituents is preferably 0 (i.e., unsubstituted), or 1-2.
• the number of said substituent is more preferably 0 (i.e., unsubstituted).
• optionally substituted alkylsulfonylamino group include those selected from the following substituent group B.
• substituent group B those selected from the following substituent group B, and the following substituent group B′.
• the number of said substituents is 1—substitutable maximum number, more preferably 1-3, more preferably 1.
• substituent group B consists of
• C 6-14 aryl group is optionally substituted by substituent(s) such as halogen atom, hydroxy, cyano, amino, optionally halogenated C 1-6 alkyl, mono-, or di-C 1-6 alkylamino, mono-, or di-C 6-14 arylamino, mono-, or di-C 7-16 aralkylamino, C 3-7 cycloalkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, formyl, C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl, C 3-7 cycloalkyl-carbonyl, C 6-14 aryl-carbonyl, C 7-16 aralkyl-carbonyl, C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl, C 6-14 aryloxy-carbonyl, C 7-16 aralkyloxy-carbonyl, C 1-6 alkylsulfanyl, C 3-6 alkylsulfinyl, C 1-6 alkylsulfony
• heterocyclic group and “heterocyclyl-” of the “heterocyclyl-alkyl” include those similar to the above-mentioned “heterocyclic group”).]; (j) C 3-7 cycloalkyl; (k) optionally substituted C 1-6 alkoxy group (said C 1-6 alkoxy group is optionally substituted by substituent(s) such as halogen atom, hydroxy, amino, mono-, or di-C 1-6 alkylamino, mono-, or di-C 6-14 arylamino, C 3-7 cycloalkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, formyl, C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl, C 3-7 cycloalkyl-carbonyl, C 6-14 aryl-carbonyl, C 7-16 aralkyl-carbonyl, C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl, C 6-14 aryloxy-carbonyl, C 7-16 aralkyloxy-carbonyl, C
• substituent group B′ consists of
• C 1-6 alkyl group (said C 1-6 alkyl group is optionally substituted by substituent(s) such as a halogen atom, hydroxy, cyano, amino, mono-, or di-C 1-6 alkylamino, mono-, or di-C 6-14 arylamino, mono-, or di-C 7-16 aralkylamino, C 3-7 cycloalkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, formyl, C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl, C 3-7 cycloalkyl-carbonyl, C 6-14 aryl-carbonyl, C 7-16 aralkyl-carbonyl, C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl, C 6-14 aryloxy-carbonyl, C 7-16 aralkyloxy-carbonyl, C 3-6 alkylsulfanyl, C 1-6 alkylsulfinyl, C 1-6 alkylsulfonyl, carbamoyl, thio
• R x1 and R x5 are the same or different and each is a substituent.
• substituents include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
• R x2 , R x3 and R x4 are the same or different and each is absent, a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
• substituent examples include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
• Ring A x is a 5- or 6-membered ring optionally further substituted.
• Examples of the “5- or 6-membered ring” include 5- or 6-membered rings from the aforementioned “heterocycle” and “hydrocarbon ring”.
• Examples of the substituent of the “optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered ring” include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
• Ring B x is a heterocycle optionally further substituted.
• heterocycle examples include the aforementioned “heterocycle”.
• substituent of the “optionally substituted heterocycle” examples include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
• R x1 , R x2 , R x3 and R x4 may be bonded to form, together with ring A x , an optionally substituted bicyclic fused ring, or an optionally substituted tricyclic fused ring.
• R x1′ and R 5x′ show substituents.
• substituents include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
• R x2′ and R x3′ are the same or different and each is a hydrogen atom or a substituent.
• substituent examples include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
• Ring B x′ is a heterocycle optionally further substituted.
• heterocycle examples include the aforementioned “heterocycle”.
• substituent of the “optionally substituted heterocycle” examples include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
• R x1′ is an optionally substituted aromatic ring
• ring B x′ is not a 5-membered aromatic heterocycle optionally further substituted.
• Compound (1) is preferably, for example, the following compounds (1a), (1b), (1c), (1d), (1e) and (1f).
• ring A a is an optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered heterocycle
• X a is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or —NR a —
• R a is a hydrogen atom or a substituent
• R 1a is a substituent
• ring B a is a nitrogen-containing heterocycle optionally further substituted
• R 2a is a substituent.
• heterocycle of the “optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered heterocycle” for ring A a , among the aforementioned heterocycles, a 5- to 7-membered one having a structure corresponding to X a can be mentioned.
• Said “heterocycle” is preferably furan ring, dihydrofuran ring, thiophene ring, pyrazole ring, pyridine ring and the like, particularly preferably furan ring, dihydrofuran ring or the like.
• Examples of the substituent of the “5- to 7-membered heterocycle” include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
• ring A a is unsubstituted 5- to 7-membered heterocycle (e.g., furan ring, dihydrofuran ring).
• nitrogen-containing heterocycle of the “nitrogen-containing heterocycle optionally further substituted” for ring B a
• nitrogen-containing heterocycle examples include the aforementioned “nitrogen-containing heterocycle”.
• Preferred as said “nitrogen-containing heterocycle” is pyrazole ring, triazole ring, is tetrazole ring, pyridine ring or the like. Particularly preferred is pyrazole ring.
• substituent of the “nitrogen-containing heterocycle” examples include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
• ring B a is nitrogen-containing heterocycle (e.g., pyrazole ring) free of further substituent.
• X a is preferably an oxygen atom or —NR a — (R a is a hydrogen atom or a substituent), more preferably an oxygen atom.
• Examples of the “substituent” for R 1a include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A. Preferred are C 1-6 alkyl group substituted by a halogen atom (e.g., trifluoromethyl), alkoxy group substituted by a halogen atom (e.g., trifluoromethoxy), and pyrazolyl group.
• a halogen atom e.g., trifluoromethyl
• alkoxy group substituted by a halogen atom e.g., trifluoromethoxy
• pyrazolyl group e.g., pyrazolyl group.
• R 2a examples include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
• Preferred is C 6-14 aryl group (e.g., phenyl).
• R a examples include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
• ring A a is an optionally substituted furan ring or optionally substituted dihydrofuran ring;
• X a is an oxygen atom
• R 1a is an optionally substituted phenyl group
• ring B a is an optionally substituted pyrazole ring
• R 2a is an optionally substituted phenyl group
• ring A a is a furan ring or dihydrofuran ring
• X a is an oxygen atom
• R 1a is a phenyl group substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from a C 1-6 alkyl group substituted by a halogen atom, a C 1-6 alkoxy group substituted by a halogen atom, and a pyrazolyl group;
• ring B a is a pyrazole ring
• R 2a is a phenyl group
• Compound (1) which is a compound represented by the following formula (1b), or a salt thereof.
• ring A b is a ring optionally further substituted; ring B b is an optionally substituted ring; ring D b is an optionally substituted 6- to 10-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring; n is 0, 1 or 2; ring E b is a 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocycle optionally further substituted; and R b is a substituent.
• Examples of the substituent of the “ring optionally further substituted” for ring A b include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
• ring A b is a ring (dihydropyridazine ring) free of further substituent.
• substituent of the “optionally substituted ring” for ring B b include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
• ring B b is an unsubstituted ring (e.g., dihydrooxazin ring).
• benzene ring and naphthalene ring can be mentioned. Preferred is benzene ring.
• substituent of the “6- to 10-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring” examples include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A can be mentioned.
• ring D b is 6- to 10-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring (e.g., benzene ring) free of further substituent.
• the “5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocycle” of the “5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocycle optionally further substituted” for ring E b among the aforementioned aromatic heterocycles, a 5- to 10-membered one can be mentioned.
• Preferred as the “5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocycle” is pyrazole ring, triazole ring, tetrazole ring, furan ring, pyridine ring or the like. Preferred is a pyrazole ring.
• Examples of the substituent of the “5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocycle” include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
• ring E b is 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocycle (e.g., pyrazole ring) free of further substituent.
• n is preferably 1.
• R b examples include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
• Preferred is C 6-14 aryl group (e.g., phenyl).
• Compound (1b) is preferably
• ring A b is a ring optionally further substituted (dihydropyridazine ring);
• ring B b is an optionally substituted ring (e.g., dihydrooxazin ring);
• ring D b is an optionally substituted benzene ring
• n 1;
• ring E b is a pyrazole ring optionally further substituted
• R b is a phenyl ring optionally further substituted
• ring A b is a ring free of further substituent
• ring B b is an unsubstituted ring (e.g., dihydrooxazin ring);
• ring D b is a benzene ring
• n 1;
• ring E b is a pyrazole ring
• R b is a phenyl group
• Compound (1) which is a compound represented by the following formula (1c), or a salt thereof.
• ring A c is a 6-membered heterocycle optionally further substituted;
• ring B c is an optionally substituted 6-membered aromatic ring;
• R 1c is a hydrogen atom or a substituent (excluding aromatic ring group and —CO—R x (R x is a substituent));
• R 2c is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, an oxo group or an optionally substituted C 1-5 alkoxy group;
• ring D c is a pyrazole ring optionally further substituted;
• ring E c is an optionally substituted benzene ring.
• substituent of the “6-membered heterocycle” examples include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
• ring A c is 6-membered heterocycle free of further substituent, more preferably 6-membered aromatic heterocycle (e.g., thiopyran ring, pyran ring, pyrazine ring, pyridine ring, pyridazine ring, dihydropyridazine ring, pyrimidine ring). More preferred is the ring moiety of the group described as an example of the partial structural formula of the below-mentioned formula (1c).
• 6-membered aromatic ring of the “optionally substituted 6-membered aromatic ring” for ring B c , among the aforementioned aromatic heterocycles and aromatic hydrocarbon rings, a 6-membered one can be mentioned.
• the “6-membered aromatic ring” is preferably a benzene ring and the like.
• substituent of the “6-membered aromatic ring” examples include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
• Preferred are a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine), and C 1-5 alkyl group substituted by a halogen atom (e.g., trifluoromethyl).
• ring B c is a benzene ring optionally substituted by a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine), and C 1-6 alkyl group substituted by a halogen atom (e.g., trifluoromethyl). More preferred is an unsubstituted benzene ring.
• a halogen atom e.g., fluorine
• C 1-6 alkyl group substituted by a halogen atom (e.g., trifluoromethyl). More preferred is an unsubstituted benzene ring.
• R 1c examples include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A. Preferred are oxo group and C 1-6 alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy).
• R 1c is a hydrogen atom, an oxo group, or a C 1-6 alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy).
• substituent of the “pyrazole ring optionally further substituted” for ring D c include, for example, those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
• ring D c is a pyrazole ring free of further substituent.
• substituent of the “optionally substituted benzene ring” for ring E c include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
• ring E c is an unsubstituted benzene ring.
• each ring is optionally further substituted at a position other than R 1c and R 2c ) and the like.
• Compound (1c) is preferably
• ring B c is an optionally substituted benzene ring
• R 1c is a hydrogen atom, a C 1-6 alkoxy group or an oxo group
• R 2c is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, an oxo group or an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkoxy group
• ring D c is an optionally substituted pyrazole ring
• ring E c is an optionally substituted benzene ring; or a salt thereof, particularly preferably, (2) a compound wherein a partial structural formula of the formula (1c):
• ring B c is a benzene ring optionally substituted by a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine) or a C 1-6 alkyl group substituted by a halogen atom (e.g., trifluoromethyl);
• R 1c is a hydrogen atom, a C 1-6 alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy) or an oxo group;
• R 2c is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, an oxo group or a C 1-6 alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy);
• ring D c is a pyrazole ring; and
• ring E c is a benzene ring; or a salt thereof.
• ring A d is an optionally substituted 3- to 10-membered non-aromatic ring;
• R 1d is a hydrogen atom or a C 1-6 alkoxy group;
• ring B d is a 5-membered aromatic heterocycle optionally further substituted; and
• R 2d is a substituent.
• 3- to 10-membered non-aromatic ring is preferably C 3-8 cycloalkane (e.g., cyclopropane), tetrahydronaphthalene ring, tetrahydropyridine ring, piperidine ring, azetidine ring, pyrrolidine ring, oxetane ring, azepane ring and the like, more preferably, C 3-8 cycloalkane (e.g., cyclopropane), tetrahydronaphthalene ring, tetrahydropyridine ring, piperidine ring, and azetidine ring.
• C 3-8 cycloalkane e.g., cyclopropane
• substituent of the “3- to 10-membered non-aromatic ring” examples include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
• substituent group A-1 preferred are those selected from the group consisting of [substituent group A-1]
• ring A d are C 3-8 cycloalkane (e.g., cyclopropane), tetrahydronaphthalene ring, tetrahydropyridine ring, piperidine ring, and azetidine ring, which are optionally substituted by substituent(s) selected from substituent group A-1.
• the “5-membered aromatic heterocycle” of the “5-membered aromatic heterocycle optionally further substituted” for ring B d among the aforementioned aromatic heterocycles, 5-membered one can be mentioned. Concrete examples thereof include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, pyrazole, imidazole, isoxazole, oxazole, isothiazole, thiazole, triazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, and tetrazole.
• the “5-membered aromatic heterocycle” is preferably pyrazole ring, triazole ring, tetrazole ring, furan ring or the like. More preferred is pyrazole ring.
• substituent of the “5-membered aromatic heterocycle” examples include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
• Preferred as ring B d is an unsubstituted pyrazole ring.
• R 2d examples include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
• Preferred is an optionally substituted C 6-14 aryl group (e.g., phenyl), and particularly preferred is unsubstituted phenyl.
• Compound (1d) is preferably
• ring A d is optionally substituted C 3-8 cycloalkane, an optionally substituted tetrahydronaphthalene ring, an optionally substituted tetrahydropyridine ring, an optionally substituted piperidine ring, or an optionally substituted azetidine ring;
• R 1d is a hydrogen atom or a C 1-6 alkoxy group
• ring B d is a pyrazole ring optionally further substituted
• R 2d is an optionally substituted phenyl group
• ring A d is C 3-8 cycloalkane, a tetrahydronaphthalene ring, an optionally substituted tetrahydropyridine ring, an optionally substituted piperidine ring, or an optionally substituted azetidine ring;
• R 1d is a hydrogen atom or a C 1-6 alkoxy group
• ring B d is a pyrazole ring
• R 2d is a phenyl group
• ring A d is C 3-8 cycloalkane; a tetrahydronaphthalene ring; a tetrahydropyridine ring optionally substituted by substituent(s) selected from an optionally substituted alkyl group, an optionally substituted alkenyl group, and an optionally substituted heterocyclic group; a piperidine ring optionally substituted by substituent(s) selected from an optionally substituted alkoxy-carbonyl group, an optionally substituted alkyl group, an optionally substituted C 6-14 aryl group, an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, an optionally substituted alkyl-carbonyl group, an optionally substituted C 6-14 aryl-carbonyl group, and an optionally substituted arylcarbamoyl group (e.g., phenylcarbamoyl); or an azetidine ring optionally substituted by substituent(s) selected from an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, an optionally substituted C
• Compound (1) which is a compound represented by the following formula (1e) or a salt thereof.
• R 1e is a C 1-6 alkoxy group
• R 3e is an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group, an optionally substituted 3- to 6-membered hydrocarbon ring group, or an optionally substituted 5- to 10-membered heterocyclic group
• L e is an optionally substituted C 1-3 alkylene group or a sulfonyl group
• ring A e is a 5-membered aromatic heterocycle optionally further substituted
• R 2e is a substituent.
• substituent of the “optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group” for R 3e substituent selected from the aforementioned substituent group B can be mentioned.
• Preferred is a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine).
• the “3- to 6-membered hydrocarbon ring group” of the “optionally substituted 3- to 6-membered hydrocarbon ring group” for R 3e among the aforementioned hydrocarbon ring groups, 3- to 6-membered one can be mentioned.
• the “3- to 6-membered hydrocarbon ring group” is preferably a C 3-7 cycloalkyl group (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclohexyl), a phenyl group or the like.
• substituent of the “3- to 6-membered hydrocarbon ring group” examples include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
• substituent preferred is substituent selected from the group consisting of [substituent group A-2]
• 5- to 10-membered heterocyclic group of the “optionally substituted 5- to 10-membered heterocyclic group” for R 3e , among the aforementioned heterocyclic groups, 5- to 10-membered one can be mentioned.
• Concrete examples thereof include for example, tetrahydropyranyl group, piperidinyl group, tetrahydrofuranyl group, pyrrolidinyl group, morpholinyl group, quinolinyl group, isoquinolinyl group, oxetanyl group, pyridyl group, furyl group, azetidinyl group, pyrazolyl group, azepanyl group and the like.
• the “5- to 10-membered heterocyclic group” is preferably tetrahydropyranyl group, piperidinyl group, tetrahydrofuranyl group, pyrrolidinyl group, morpholinyl group, quinolinyl group, isoquinolinyl group, oxetanyl group, pyridyl group, furyl group and the like.
• substituent of the “5- to 10-membered heterocyclic group” examples include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
• substituent preferred are substituent selected from the group consisting of an optionally substituted alkoxy-carbonyl group, an optionally substituted alkyl group, and an optionally substituted alkoxy group.
• R 3e is a C 3-7 cycloalkyl group (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclohexyl) or a phenyl group, each of which is optionally substituted by substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of cyano, an optionally esterified carboxy group [e.g., optionally substituted alkoxy-carbonyl group, optionally substituted C 6-14 aryloxy-carbonyl group], an optionally substituted alkyl group, an optionally substituted C 6-14 aryl group, and an optionally substituted alkoxy group; or a tetrahydropyranyl group, a piperidinyl group, a tetrahydrofuranyl group, a pyrrolidinyl group, a morpholinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, an oxetanyl group, a pyridyl group,
• Examples of the substituent of the “optionally substituted C 1-3 alkylene group” for L e include substituent selected from the aforementioned substituent group B. Preferred is an oxo group.
• L e is an unsubstituted C 1-3 alkylene group.
• the “5-membered aromatic heterocycle” of the “5-membered aromatic heterocycle optionally further substituted” for ring A e among the aforementioned aromatic heterocycles, 5-membered one can be mentioned.
• the “aromatic heterocycle” is preferably a pyrazole ring, a triazole ring, a tetrazole ring, a furan ring or the like. It is preferably a pyrazole ring.
• Examples of the substituent of the “5-membered aromatic heterocycle” include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
• ring A e is a pyrazole ring free of further substituent.
• R 2e examples include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
• Preferred is an optionally substituted C 6-14 aryl group (e.g., phenyl), and particularly preferred is unsubstituted phenyl.
• Compound (1e) is preferably
• R 1e is a C 1-6 alkoxy group
• R 3e is an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group, an optionally substituted C 3-7 cycloalkyl group, an optionally substituted tetrahydropyranyl group, an optionally substituted piperidyl group, an optionally substituted tetrahydrofuranyl group, an optionally substituted pyrrolidyl group, an optionally substituted morpholinyl group, an optionally substituted quinolinyl group, an optionally substituted isoquinolinyl group, an optionally substituted oxetanyl group, an optionally substituted phenyl group, an optionally substituted pyridyl group, or an optionally substituted furyl group;
• L e is an optionally substituted C 1-3 alkylene group or a sulfonyl group;
• ring A e is a pyrazole ring optionally further substituted; and
• R 2e is an optionally substituted phenyl group; or a salt thereof, more
• Compound (1) which is a compound represented by the following formula (1f) or a salt thereof.
• R 1f is an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkoxy group
• R 2f is a hydrogen atom or a substituent
• R 3f is an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group or an optionally substituted cyclic group
• ring A f is a non-aromatic 5-membered heterocycle optionally further substituted
• R 4f is an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group or an optionally substituted cyclic group.
• Examples of the substituent of the “optionally substituted C 1-6 alkoxy group” for R 1f include substituent selected from the aforementioned substituent group B.
• R 1f is an unsubstituted C 1-6 alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy group).
• R 2f examples include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
• R 2f is a hydrogen atom.
• Examples of the substituent of the “optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group” for R 3f include substituent selected from the aforementioned substituent group B.
• Examples of the “cyclic group” of the “optionally substituted cyclic group” for R 3f include the aforementioned “heterocyclic group”, “non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group”, and “aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group”.
• the “cyclic group” is preferably a phenyl group, a pyridyl group, a piperidinyl group, a pyrazolyl group or the like. More preferred is a phenyl group.
• substituent of the “cyclic group” examples include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
• Preferred is an optionally substituted alkyl group, and particularly preferred is an alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogen atom (e.g., trifluoromethyl).
• R 3f is preferable a phenyl group substituted by an alkyl group optionally substituted by a halogen atom (e.g., trifluoromethyl).
• non-aromatic 5-membered heterocycle of the “non-aromatic 5-membered heterocycle optionally further substituted” for ring A f , among the aforementioned non-aromatic heterocycles, 5-membered one can be mentioned.
• the “non-aromatic 5-membered heterocycle” is preferably a dihydroimidazole ring, a pyrrolidine ring, a tetrahydrofuran ring, a cyclopentane ring or the like. More preferred is a dihydroimidazole ring.
• substituent of the “non-aromatic heterocycle” examples include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A. Preferred are an oxo group and an optionally substituted alkyl group (e.g., methyl).
• Preferred as ring A f is a dihydroimidazole ring substituted by an oxo group and an optionally substituted alkyl group (e.g., methyl).
• Examples of the substituent of the “optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group” for R 4f include substituent selected from the aforementioned substituent group B.
• Examples of the “optionally substituted cyclic group” for R 4f include the aforementioned “heterocyclic group” and “hydrocarbon ring group”.
• the “cyclic group” is preferably a phenyl group, a pyridyl group, a C 3-7 cycloalkyl group, a piperidinyl group or the like. Preferred is a phenyl group.
• Examples of the substituent of the “cyclic group” include those selected from the aforementioned substituent group A.
• R 4f is preferably an unsubstituted phenyl group.
• Compound (1f) is preferably
• R 1f is an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkoxy group
• R 2f is a hydrogen atom or a substituent
• R 3f is an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group or an optionally substituted cyclic group
• ring A f is a non-aromatic 5-membered heterocycle optionally further substituted
• R 4f is an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group or an optionally substituted cyclic group
• R 1f is a C 1-6 alkoxy group (e.g., methoxy);
• R 2f is a hydrogen atom
• R 3f is a phenyl group substituted by a C 1-6 alkyl group substituted by a halogen atom (e.g., trifluoromethylphenyl); ring A f is a dihydroimidazole ring further substituted by substituent(s) selected from an oxo group and a C 1-6 alkyl group; and
• R 4f is a phenyl group
• Compound (1 x ) or compound (1) is preferably the above-mentioned compounds (Ia)-compound (If), more preferably compound (Ia), (Ic), (Id) or (Ie), particularly preferably compound (Id) or (Ie).
• the compound (1 x ) or compound (1) is a salt
• metal salts for example, metal salts, ammonium salts, salts with organic bases, salts with inorganic acids, salts with organic acids, salts with basic or acidic amino acids can be included.
• metal salts for example, include alkali metal salts such as sodium salts, potassium salts and the like; alkali earth metal salts such as calcium salts, magnesium salts, barium salts and the like; and aluminum salts.
• salts with organic bases include salts with trimethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine, picoline, 2,6-lutidine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, cyclohexylamine, dicyclohexylamine, N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine and the like.
• salts with inorganic acids include salts with hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and the like.
• salts with organic acids include salts with formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, phthalic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and the like.
• salts with basic amino acids include salts with arginine, lysine, ornithine and the like.
• salts with acidic amino acids include salts with aspartic acid, glutamic acid and the like. Among them, salts that are pharmacologically acceptable are preferable.
• inorganic salts including alkali metal salts (e.g., sodium salts, potassium salt, etc.) and alkali earth metal salts (e.g., calcium salts, magnesium salts, barium salts, etc.) and ammonium salts are preferable.
• alkali metal salts e.g., sodium salts, potassium salt, etc.
• alkali earth metal salts e.g., calcium salts, magnesium salts, barium salts, etc.
• ammonium salts are preferable.
• basic functional group for example, salts with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, etc.
• organic acid such as acetic acid, phthalic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, etc. are preferable.
• the compound (1 x ) or compound (1) includes isomers such as tautomers, optical isomers, stereoisomers, position isomers and rotational isomers, one of the other isomers or mixture are also included in the compound of the present invention. Further, if the compound (1 x ) or compound (1) has an optical isomer, the optical isomer separated from the racemate is included in the compound (1 x ) or compound (1).
• the compound (1 x ) or compound (1) can be obtained in the crystal form. Either single crystalline form or crystalline mixture can be included in the compound (1 x ) or compound (1).
• the compound (1 x ) or compound (1) can be a pharmaceutically acceptable co-crystal or a co-crystal salt.
• the co-crystal or co-crystal salt as used herein means a crystalline material composed of two or more unique solids at room temperature, each of which has distinctive physical characteristics such as structure, melting point, and heats of fusion, hygroscopicity, solubility, and stability.
• a co-crystal or a co-crystal salt can be produced according to a per se known co-crystallization method.
• the compound (1 x ) or compound (1) may be a solvate (e.g., hydrate) or a non-solvate and both are included in the compound (1 x ) or compound (1).
• Compounds labeled with or substituted by isotopes are also included in compound (1 x ) or compound (1).
• Compound (1 x ) and compound (1) labeled with or substituted by isotopes can be used as, for example, a tracer used for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) (PET tracer), and are useful in the field of medical diagnosis and the like.
• PET Positron Emission Tomography
• a prodrug of compound (1 x ) or compound (1) means a compound which is converted to compound (1 x ) or compound (1) by a reaction due to enzyme, gastric acid, etc. under the physiological conditions in the living body, that is, a compound which is converted to compound (1 x ) or compound (1) by enzymatical oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, etc. according to an enzyme; a compound which is converted to compound (1 x ) or compound (1) by hydrolysis etc. due to gastric acid, etc.
• a prodrug of compound (1 x ) or compound (1) may be a compound obtained by subjecting an amino group in compound (1 x ) or compound (1) to an acylation, alkylation or phosphorylation (e.g., a compound obtained by subjecting an amino group in compound (1) to an eicosanoylation, alanylation, pentylaminocarbonylation, (5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-yl)methoxycarbonylation, tetrahydrofuranylation, pyrrolidylmethylation, pivaloyloxymethylation and tert-butylation, etc.); a compound obtained by subjecting a hydroxy group in compound (1 x ) or compound (1) to an acylation, alkylation, phosphorylation or boration (e.g., a compound obtained by subjecting an hydroxy group in compound (1 x ) or compound (1) to an acetylation, palmitoylation, propanoylation, pivalo
• any of these compounds can be produced from compound (1 x ) or compound (1) by a method known per se.
• a prodrug for compound (1 x ) or compound (1) may also be one which is converted into compound (1 x ) or compound (1) under a physiological condition, such as those described in IYAKUHIN no KAIHATSU (Development of Pharmaceuticals), Vol. 7, Design of Molecules, p. 163-198, Published by HIROKAWA SHOTEN (1990).
• room temperature indicates a temperature generally ranging from 0 to 35° C.
• a low temperature indicates a temperature generally from ⁇ 78 to 0° C.
• the symbols used for the compounds in the reaction schemes indicate the same meanings as mentioned above.
• a methyl group (CH 3 ) is sometimes abbreviated as Me.
• the compounds in the schemes can include salts thereof in the cases when salts can be formed and such salts are similar to the salts of the compound (1).
• the compound obtained in each process can be used directly in the form of a reaction mixture or as a crude product in the following reactions. However, it can be isolated from the reaction mixture according to the ordinary method. The product itself can be easily purified by the known means of isolation such as extraction, concentration, neutralization, filtration, distillation, recrystallization and chromatography.
• the compound in the schemes is commercially available, a commercial product can be used directly and in addition, those which are manufactured by the known methods or by a comparable method can be used.
• the compound as a raw material contains amino, carboxy, hydroxyl or heterocyclic group
• the group can be protected by a protective group that is generally used in the peptide chemistry.
• target compound can be obtained by removing the protective group.
• the protective group can be introduced or removed by the known methods, for example, based on the methods described in “Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3 rd Edition” (by Theodora W. Greene, Peter G. M. Wuts, published in 1999 by Wiley-Interscience Corporation).
• Alcohols methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, tert-butyl alcohol, 2-methoxyethanol, etc.
• Ethers diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, diphenyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, etc.
• Aromatic hydrocarbons benzene, chlorobenzene, toluene, xylene, etc.
• Saturated hydrocarbons cyclohexane, hexane, etc.
• Halogenated hydrocarbons dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, etc.
• Nitriles acetonitrile, propionitrile, etc.
• Sulfoxides dimethyl sulfoxide, etc.
• Aromatic organic bases pyridine, lutidine, etc.
• Acid anhydrides acetic anhydride, trifluoroacetic anhydride, etc.
• Organic acids formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, etc.
• Inorganic acids hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, etc.
• Esters methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, etc.
• Ketones acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, etc.
• bases or deoxidizers that are used in the production methods for the compound of the present invention are given as follows:
• Inorganic bases sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, etc.
• Basic salts sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium acetate, ammonium acetate, etc.
• Organic bases triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, tributylamine, cyclohexyldimethylamine, pyridine, lutidine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, N,N-dimethylaniline, N-methylpiperidine, N-methylpyrrolidine, N-methylmorpholine, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]-5-nonene, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-7-undecene, imidazole, etc.
• Metal alkoxides sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium tert-butoxide, etc.
• Alkali metal hydrides sodium hydride, potassium hydride, etc.
• Metal amides sodium amide, lithium diisopropylamide, lithium hexamethyldisilazide, etc.
• Organolithium reagents methyl lithium, n-butyl lithium, sec-butyl lithium, tert-butyl lithium, etc.
• acids or acid catalysts that are used in the production methods for the compound of the present invention are given as follows:
• Inorganic acids hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, etc.
• Organic acids acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, oxalic acid, phthalic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, 10-camphorsulfonic acid, etc.
• Lewis acids trifluoroboron ether complex, zinc iodide, anhydrous aluminum chloride, anhydrous zinc chloride, anhydrous iron chloride, etc.
• Compounds (1a), (1a′), (1b), (1c), (1d), (1d′), (1d′′), (1e) and (1f) encompassed in compound (1) or compound (1 x ) can be synthesized by, for example, production method A1, production method A2, production method B, production method C, production method D, production method E, production method F, production method G and the like explained below, or a method analogous to these production methods.
• ring A a is an optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered heterocycle
• X a is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or —NR a —
• R a is a hydrogen atom or a substituent
• X a2 is a substituent
• R 1a is a substituent
• ring B a is a nitrogen-containing heterocycle optionally further substituted
• R 2a is a substituent
• Hal is a halogen atom.
• the starting material of production method A1 can be produced by a method known per se or a method analogous thereto.
• a commercially available product may be used as a starting material.
• ring A a of an intermediate or resulting product can be hydrogenized.
• it is produced by reacting in the presence of a catalyst such as palladium on carbon and the like under a hydrogen atmosphere.
• the amount of the palladium on carbon to be used is about 0.01-1 equivalent, preferably 0.01-0.1 equivalent, relative to an intermediate or resulting product to be the reaction substrate.
• the solvent is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds, for example, alcohols and acetic acid are preferable. It is desirable to carry out the reaction generally under ice-cooling, at room temperature or heating under reflux conditions, and 0° C.-150° C. is preferable.
• the reaction time is generally 0.5-48 hr, preferably 0.5-24 hr.
• the starting material of production method A1 can be produced by a method known per se or a method analogous thereto.
• a commercially available product may be used as a starting material.
• a a , X a , R 1a , R 2a and Hal are as defined in production method A1.
• Production Method A2 is a production method of compound (1a′) wherein a partial structural formula
• the starting material of production method A2 can be produced by a method known per se or a method analogous thereto.
• a commercially available product may be used as a starting material.
• ring A b is a ring optionally further substituted; ring B b is an optionally substituted ring; ring D b is an optionally substituted 6- to 10-membered aromatic hydrocarbon ring; n is 0, 1 or 2; ring E b is a 5- to 10-membered aromatic heterocycle optionally further substituted; R b is a substituent; R b2 and R b3 are protecting groups, and X b is a substituent.
• the starting material of production method B can be produced by a method known per se or a method analogous thereto.
• a commercially available product may be used as a starting material.
• ring A c is a 6-membered heterocycle optionally further substituted
• ring B c is an optionally substituted 6-membered aromatic ring
• R 1c is a hydrogen atom or a substituent (excluding an aromatic ring group and —CO—Rx (R x is a substituent))
• R 2c is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, an oxo group or an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkoxy group
• ring D c is a pyrazole ring optionally further substituted
• ring E c is an optionally substituted benzene ring
• X 1c and X 2c are halogen atoms or triflate groups.
• Compound (21) and compound (22), which are starting materials of production method C, can be produced by a method known per se or a method analogous thereto.
• compound (23) may be used as a starting material.
• Compound (23) can be produced by the method described in steps A)-B) of Example 12, step A) of Example 13, step A) of Example 15, steps A)-C) of Example 19, or step A) of Example 21, or a method analogous thereto.
• a commercially available product may be used as a starting material.
• Example 17 can be produced by the method described in Example 17 or a method analogous thereto.
• Example 140 can be produced by the method described in Example 140 or a method analogous thereto.
• ring A d is an optionally substituted 3- to 10-membered non-aromatic ring
• ring B d is a 5-membered aromatic heterocycle optionally further substituted
• R 1d is a hydrogen atom or an alkoxy group
• R 2d is a substituent
• R 3d is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group (an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a C 6-14 aryl group etc.), wherein two R 3d s may form a 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane ring and the like together with each adjacent oxygen atom
• X d is a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, I etc.)
• Y d is a protecting group (a benzyl group etc.).
• the starting material of production method D can be produced by a method known per se or a method analogous thereto.
• a commercially available product may be used as a starting material.
• R 4d is a substituent, and other symbols are as defined in production method D.
• compound (1d) a compound wherein ring A d is a piperidine ring or a tetrahydropyridine ring is indicated as compound (1d′), and a compound wherein nitrogen atom of the piperidine ring or tetrahydropyridine ring of compound (1d′) is modified is indicated as compound (1d′′).
• Compounds (1d′) and (1d′′) can be synthesized by production method D, and can also be synthesized by production method E.
• the regioisomer of piperidine can also be synthesized by production method D, production method E, or a method analogous thereto.
• the starting material of production method E can be produced by a method known per se or a method analogous thereto.
• ring A e is a 5-membered aromatic heterocycle optionally further substituted
• R 1e is a hydrogen atom or an alkoxy group
• R 2e is a substituent
• R 3e is an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group, an optionally substituted 3- to 6-membered hydrocarbon ring group, or an optionally substituted 5- to 10-membered heterocyclic group
• L e is an optionally substituted C 1-3 alkylene group or a sulfonyl group.
• the starting material of production method F can be produced by a method known per se or a method analogous thereto, the synthesis method of compound (29) of production method D or a method analogous thereto.
• a commercially available product may be used as a starting material.
• R 1f is an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkoxy group
• R 2f is a hydrogen atom or a substituent
• R 3f is an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group or an optionally substituted cyclic group, ring A f is a non-aromatic 5-membered heterocycle optionally further substituted
• R 4f is an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group or an optionally substituted cyclic group
• L 1f , L 2f , L 3f , L 4f and L 5f are optionally substituted one atom linkers.
• Examples of the “optionally substituted one atom linker” for L 1f , L 2f , L 3f , L 4f or L 5f include —CO—, —NH—, —C(CH 3 ) 2 — and the like.
• the starting material of production method G can be produced by a method known per se or a method analogous thereto.
• step 1 compound (3) is produced from compound (2), wherein an aqueous solution of sodium chlorite and sodium dihydrogen phosphate is added to compound (2) to allow reaction.
• the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds. For example, a mixed solvent of alcohols and water is desirable.
• the amount of sodium chlorite to be used is about 1-10 mol, preferably 1-5 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (2).
• the amount of sodium dihydrogen phosphate to be used is about 1-10 mol, preferably 1-5 mol, relative to 1 mol of (2).
• the reaction time is generally 5-48 hr, preferably 10-24 hr.
• step 2 compound (4) is produced from compound (3).
• Ethylation can be performed by using ethyl iodide and the like in the presence of a base.
• the base include inorganic bases, basic salts, alkali metal hydrides and the like.
• the solvent is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds. For example, ethers, amides and ketones are desirable.
• the amount of ethyl iodide to be used is about 1-10 mol, preferably 1-3 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (3).
• the amount of the base to be used is about 1-10 mol, preferably 1-3 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (3). It is desirable to carry out the reaction generally under ice-cooling or room temperature conditions, preferably under ice-cooling.
• the reaction time is generally 1-5 hr, preferably 1-2 hr.
• a C 1-6 alkyl group other than ethyl group may be used.
• a reaction similar to the above-mentioned only needs to be performed using the corresponding C 1-6 alkylhalide.
• step 3 compound (5) or compound (9) is produced from compound (4), wherein a reaction with acetone is performed under basic conditions.
• the solvent is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, toluene is preferable.
• the amount of the acetone to be used is about 1-10 mol, preferably 2-3 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (4).
• Examples of the “base” include metal alkoxides, alkali metal hydrides and the like.
• the amount of the base to be used is about 1-10 mol, preferably 1-5 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (4).
• reaction it is desirable to carry out the reaction generally at room temperature or under heated conditions, preferably at room temperature.
• the reaction time is generally 1-48 hr, preferably 3-10 hr.
• step 4 compound (7), compound (10) or compound (15) is produced by reacting compound (6) or compound (13) with a diazotizing agent to give a diazonium salt, and placing the salt in co-presence with compound (5), compound (9) or compound (14).
• the starting compound (6) and compound (13) may be commercially available products.
• This step can be performed by the method described in Tetrahedron Lett., 2008, 49(14), 2262-2264, or a method analogous thereto.
• Diazotization can be generally performed in the presence of an acid.
• the subsequent coupling reaction can be generally performed in the presence of a base.
• the diazotizing agent examples include alkali metal nitrite such as sodium nitrite, and potassium nitrite and the like; alkyl nitrite ester having a carbon number of 2 to 6 such as t-butyl nitrite, isoamyl nitrite and the like; nitrosyl chloride, nitrosyl sulfuric acid, and nitric oxide and the like.
• alkali metal nitrite such as sodium nitrite, and potassium nitrite and the like
• alkyl nitrite ester having a carbon number of 2 to 6 such as t-butyl nitrite, isoamyl nitrite and the like
• nitrosyl chloride nitrosyl sulfuric acid
• nitric oxide and the like examples of the diazotizing agent.
• sodium nitrite is preferable since it can be easily obtained at a low cost.
• Alkyl nitrite ester is preferable since it increases re
• Examples of the “acid” include inorganic acids, organic acids and the like, and they may be used in a mixture.
• the amount of the diazotizing agent to be used is about 1-5 mol, preferably 1-2 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (6) or compound (13). It is desirable to carry out the reaction generally at room temperature or at a low temperature, preferably from ⁇ 30° C. to 0° C.
• the diazotization time is generally 1 min-3 hr, preferably 1 min-1 hr.
• the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, water is desirable.
• the amount of compound (5), compound (9) or compound (14) to be used in the coupling reaction is about 1-5 mol, preferably 1-2 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (6) or compound (13).
• Examples of the “base” include basic salts.
• the amount of the “base” to be used generally is 1-10 mol, preferably 2-6 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (6) or compound (13).
• the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, a mixed solvent of alcohols and water is desirable.
• the reaction time is generally 5 sec-24 hr, preferably 5 sec-1 hr.
• step 5 compound (8) or compound (11) is produced from compound (7) or compound (10), wherein a reaction can be performed in the presence of a base.
• the base basic salts, organic bases, metal alkoxides or metal amides and the like can be used and potassium carbonate or sodium methoxide is preferable.
• the amount of the base to be used is about 1-10 mol, preferably 1-3 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (7) or compound (10). It is advantageous to carry out the reaction using an inert solvent for the reaction.
• the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, ethers and amides are desirable. It is desirable to carry out the reaction generally at room temperature or heating under reflux conditions, preferably at room temperature.
• the reaction time is generally 1-24 hr, preferably 2-4 hr.
• step 6 compound (1a) or compound (19) is produced from compound (8) or compound (18).
• This step can be performed by the method described in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 1981, 18, 333-334, or a method analogous thereto.
• step 7 and step 8 to be explained later are performed without isolation of intermediate.
• step 7 compound (12) is produced from compound (11), wherein a reaction can be performed in the presence of N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal and the like as a solvent.
• This step can be performed by the method described in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 1981, 18, 333-334, or a method analogous thereto.
• the reaction time is generally 1-10 hr, preferably 1-5 hr.
• step 8 compound (1a′) is produced by placing compound (12) in co-presence with a hydrazine derivative.
• the amount of the hydrazine derivative to be used is about 1-10 mol, preferably 1-3 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (12).
• the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, alcohols, organic acids and a mixed solvent thereof are desirable.
• the reaction time is generally 0.1-10 hr, preferably 0.5-5 hr.
• This step can be performed by the method described in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 1981, 18, 333-334, or a method analogous thereto.
• step 9 compound (17) is produced by placing compound (15) in co-presence with compound (16) wherein a reaction can be performed under basic conditions.
• This step can be performed by the method described in Indian J. Chem. Sect. B 1991, 30B, 932-935, or a method analogous thereto. It is advantageous to carry out the reaction using an inert solvent for the reaction.
• the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, tetrahydrofuran and the like are desirable.
• the amount of compound (16) to be used is about 1-10 mol, preferably 2-3 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (15).
• Examples of the “base” include alkali metal hydrides and the like.
• the amount of the base to be used is about 1-10 mol, preferably 1-5 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (15).
• the reaction time is generally 1-48 hr, preferably 3-16 hr.
• step 10 compound (18) is produced from compound (17), wherein a reaction can be performed in the presence of an organic base.
• This step can be performed by the method described in Indian J. Chem. Sect. B 1991, 30B, 932-935, or a method analogous thereto. It is advantageous to carry out the reaction using an inert solvent for the reaction.
• the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, acetonitrile and the like are desirable.
• the organic base include triethylamine and the like.
• the amount of the base to be used is about 1-10 mol, preferably 1-5 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (17).
• the reaction time is generally 1-10 hr, preferably 1-5 hr.
• step 11 compound (20) is produced by removing protecting groups R b2 and R b3 from compound (19).
• This reaction can be performed by a method known per se, for example, the method described in Wiley-Interscience, “Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3 rd Ed.” (Theodora W. Greene, Peter G. M. Wuts), 1999, and the like.
• step 12 compound (1b) is produced from compound (20) wherein a reaction with triphenylphosphine and diisopropyl azodicarboxylate and the like is performed.
• the amount of the triphenylphosphine and diisopropyl azodicarboxylate to be used is about 1-10 mol, preferably 2-5 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (20). It is advantageous to carry out the reaction using an inert solvent for the reaction.
• the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, solvents such as ethers, aromatic hydrocarbons and the like or a mixed solvent thereof and the like are desirable.
• the reaction time is generally 0.5-24 hr, preferably 2-10 hr.
• step 13 compound (23) is produced by placing compound (21) in co-presence with an arylhalide derivative in the presence of a base.
• the amount of the arylhalide derivative to be used is about 1-10 mol, preferably 1-3 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (21).
• Examples of the base include basic salts, organic bases, metal alkoxides, metal amides and the like, potassium carbonate or sodium methoxide is preferable.
• the amount of the base to be used is about 1-10 mol, preferably 1-3 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (21). It is advantageous to carry out the reaction in the absence of a solvent or using an inert solvent for the reaction.
• the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, ethers and amides are desirable. It is desirable to carry out the reaction generally at room temperature or heating under reflux conditions, preferably at room temperature.
• the reaction time is generally 1-24 hr, preferably 2-4 hr.
• step 14 compound (23) or compound (1c) is produced by placing compound (22) or compound (24) in co-presence with a “boronic acid derivative”, or compound (28) is produced by the co-presence of compound (26) and compound (27).
• boronic acid derivative 1-phenyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole and the like can be used.
• the amount of the “boronic acid derivative” to be used is about 1-10 mol, preferably 1-3 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (22) or compound (24).
• the amount of the compound (27) to be used is about 1-10 mol, preferably 1-3 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (26).
• Examples of the “palladium catalyst” include tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), tetrakistriphenylphosphinepalladium(0), palladium acetate(II), bis(di-tert-butyl(4-dimethylaminophenyl)phosphine)dichloropalladium(II) and the like.
• the “palladium catalyst” can be used in an amount of about 0.01-1 equivalent, preferably 0.05-0.2 equivalent, relative to the reaction substrate.
• the “palladium catalyst” can be used together with a phosphine ligand.
• phosphine ligand When using a phosphine ligand, it is used in an amount of about 0.01-4 equivalents, preferably 0.05-1 equivalent, relative to the reaction substrate.
• phosphine ligand for example, triphenylphosphine, and 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene are exemplified.
• base sodium tert-butoxide or potassium phosphate can be used and the amount is from about 1 to 10 mol, preferably from 1 to 3 mol, relative to 1 mol of the reaction substrate. It is advantageous to carry out the present reaction in the absence of a solvent or in the presence of an inert solvent for the reaction.
• the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, ethers, nitriles and the like are desirable. It is desirable to carry out the reaction generally at room temperature or heating under reflux conditions, preferably heating under reflux conditions.
• the reaction time generally is from 0.5 to 48 hours, preferably from 1 to 24 hours.
• This coupling reaction can be carried out by the methods described in “Cross-Coupling Reactions: A Practical Guide (Topics in Current Chemistry)” (Springer) “Experimental Organic Metallic Chemistry for Synthesizing Chemists” (Kodansha) and “Organic Synthesis using Transition Metals” (Kagaku Dojin) or by a comparable method.
• step 15 compound (24) is produced from compound (23).
• Compound (24) can be produced by reacting compound (23) with N-bromosuccinimide and the like.
• the amount of the N-bromosuccinimide to be used is about 1-10 mol, preferably 1-3 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (23).
• the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, amides and the like are desirable.
• the reaction time is generally 1-24 hr, preferably 2-10 hr.
• compound (24) can be produced by reacting compound (23) with both or any one of phosphorus oxychloride and phosphorus pentachloride.
• the amount of the phosphorus oxychloride to be used is about 10-50 mol, preferably 15-30 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (23).
• the amount of the phosphorus pentachloride to be used is about 5-30 mol, preferably 10-20 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (23).
• the reaction time is generally 10-48 hr, preferably 16-24 hr.
• compound (24) can be produced by reacting compound (23) with N-phenylbis(trifluoromethanesulfoneimide) and the like in the presence of organic bases.
• organic bases triethylamine and the like are preferable.
• the amount of the N-phenylbis(trifluoromethanesulfoneimide) to be used is about 1-10 mol, preferably 1-3 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (23).
• the amount of the organic bases to be used is about 1-10 mol, preferably 2-5 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (23).
• the solvent is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, ethers are desirable.
• the reaction time is generally 1-48 hr, preferably 16-24 hr.
• step 16 compound (1c) is produced from compound (23).
• Compound (1c) can be produced by reacting compound (23) with the “boronic acid derivative” in the presence of a copper reagent.
• the copper reagent copper acetate and the like can be used.
• the amount of the copper reagent to be used is about 1-20 mol, preferably 5-10 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (23).
• boronic acid derivative 1-phenyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole and the like can be used.
• the amount of the “boronic acid derivative” to be used is about 1-20 mol, preferably 5-10 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (23).
• the solvent is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, aromatic organic bases and the like are desirable.
• the reaction time is generally 24-96 hr, preferably 48-72 hr.
• compound (1c) can be produced by reacting compound (23) with an iodopyrazole derivative in the presence of inorganic bases and copper powder.
• potassium carbonate As the inorganic base, potassium carbonate and the like are preferable.
• the amount of the copper powder to be used is about 0.5-5 equivalents, preferably 1-2 equivalents, relative to 1 mol of compound (23).
• the amount of the inorganic bases to be used is about 2-10 mol, preferably 3-5 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (23).
• the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, aromatic organic bases and the like are desirable.
• the reaction time is generally 10-48 hr, preferably 24 hr.
• compound (1c) can also be produced from compound (23) by the reaction of step 6 mentioned earlier.
• step 17 compound (26) is produced from compound (25), wherein a reaction with benzyl bromide and the like is performed in the presence of alkali metal hydride.
• the alkali metal hydrides are used in an amount of about 1-10 mol, preferably 1-3 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (25).
• the benzyl bromide is used in an amount of about 1-10 mol, preferably 1-3 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (25).
• additives such as tetrabutylammoniumiodide and the like may also be added.
• the amount of the tetrabutylammoniumiodide to be used is about 0.1-3 equivalents, preferably 0.1-1 equivalent, relative to 1% mol of compound (25).
• the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, amides, ethers or a mixed solvent thereof are desirable.
• the reaction time is generally 0.5 hr-48 hr, preferably 1 hr-24 hr.
• step 18 compound (29) is produced from compound (28), wherein a hydrogenation reaction is performed in the presence of a catalyst such as palladium on carbon and the like.
• This reaction can be performed by a method known per se, for example, the method described in Wiley-Interscience, “Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3 rd Ed.” (Theodora W. Greene, Peter G. M. Wuts), 1999, and the like.
• step 19 compound (1d) is produced from compound (29), wherein a reaction is performed in the co-presence of triphenylphosphine and diisopropyl azodicarboxylate and the like, in the presence of an alcohol derivative.
• the amount of the alcohol derivative to be used is about 1-5 mol, preferably 2-5 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (29).
• the amount of the triphenylphosphine to be used is about 1-10 mol, preferably 2-10 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (29).
• the amount of the diisopropyl azodicarboxylate and the like to be used is about 1-10 mol, preferably 2-10 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (29).
• the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, toluene and the like are desirable.
• the reaction time is generally 0.5-10 hr, preferably 1-3 hr.
• compound (1d) can also be produced by placing compound (29) in the co-presence of a compound having a halogen or leaving group in the presence of a base.
• Examples of the base include inorganic bases.
• the amount of the base to be used is about 1-10 mol, preferably 2-5 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (29).
• the amount of the compound having a halogen or leaving group to be used is about 1-10 mol, preferably 2-5 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (29).
• the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, ethers, amides and the like are preferable.
• reaction it is desirable to carry out the reaction generally at room temperature or under heating conditions, preferably at room temperature-100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 1-48 hr, preferably 3-24 hr.
• compound (29) can be used as a starting material when producing compound (1e).
• step 20 compound (1d′) is produced from compound (30), wherein a reaction is performed in the co-presence of a transition metal catalyst under a hydrogen atmosphere.
• the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, acetic acid and alcohols are desirable.
• the hydrogen pressure is generally 1-10 atm, preferably 1-5 atm.
• the “transition metal catalyst” include palladium on carbon and rhodium on carbon.
• the amount of the transition metal catalyst to be used is about 0.01-1 equivalent, preferably 0.05-0.1 equivalent, relative to 1 mol of compound (30).
• reaction it is desirable to carry out the reaction generally at room temperature or under heating conditions, preferably 40-100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 1-5 days, preferably 3-5 days.
• compound (1d′) by a method including synthesizing a pyridinium salt from compound (30), reducing the salt with borohydride sodium and the like and further subjecting same to deprotection.
• reaction to synthesize a pyridinium salt from compound (30) can be performed in the co-presence of compound (30) and benzylbromide or allylbromide and the like.
• the amount of the benzyl bromide or allylbromide to be used is about 1-5 mol, preferably 2-5 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (30).
• the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, acetonitrile and the like are desirable.
• the reaction time is generally 5-24 hr, preferably 10-16 hr.
• the borohydride sodium is used in an amount of about 5-30 mol, preferably 5-10 mol, relative to 1 mol of the reaction substrate.
• the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, alcohols are desirable.
• the reaction time is generally 5-24 hr, preferably 10-16 hr.
• reaction to produce compound (1d′) by deprotection of the compound obtained by the above-mentioned reaction can be performed under a hydrogen atmosphere in the co-presence of a transition metal catalyst.
• the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, acetic acid and alcohols are desirable.
• the hydrogen pressure is generally 1-10 atm, preferably 1-5 atm.
• the “transition metal catalyst” include palladium hydroxide on carbon and the like.
• the amount of the transition metal catalyst to be used is about 0.01-1 equivalent, preferably 0.01-0.1 equivalent, relative to the reaction substrate.
• reaction it is desirable to carry out the reaction generally at room temperature or under heating conditions, preferably 40-100° C.
• the reaction time is generally 1-24 hr, preferably 3-10 hr.
• reaction to produce compound (1d′) by deprotection of the compound obtained by the above-mentioned reaction a method including reacting 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid in the presence of a palladium catalyst can also be used.
• Examples of the palladium catalyst include tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) and the like.
• the amount of the palladium catalyst to be used is about 0.01-1 equivalent, preferably 0.05-0.1 equivalent, relative to the reaction substrate.
• the amount of the 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid to be used is about 1-10, preferably 2-5 mol relative to the reaction substrate.
• the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, dichloromethane and the like are desirable.
• the reaction time is generally 2-48 hr, preferably 16-24 hr.
• step 21 compound (1d′′) is produced from compound (1d′).
• Compound (1d′′) can be produced by reducing iminium ion developed from ketone or aldehyde and compound (1d′) with a reducing agent.
• the amount of ketone or aldehyde to be used is about 1-10 mol, preferably 2-5 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (1d′).
• sodium triacetoxyborohydride and the like are preferable, and used in an amount of about 1-10 mol, preferably 2-5 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (1d′).
• the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, a mixed solvent of tetrahydrofuran and acetic acid and the like are desirable.
• the reaction time is generally 1-120 hr, preferably 10-24 hr.
• compound (1d′′) can also be produced by reacting compound (1d′) with halogenated aryl in the presence of a palladium catalyst, a phosphine ligand and a base.
• halogenated aryls iodobenzene and the like are preferable.
• the halogenated aryls are used in an amount of about 1-10 mol, preferably 2-5 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (1d′).
• the palladium catalyst tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) and the like are preferable, as the phosphine ligand, 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene and the like are preferable, and as the base, sodium tert-butoxide and the like are preferable.
• the palladium catalyst is used in an amount of about 0.1-1 equivalent, preferably 0.1-0.5 equivalent, relative to compound (1d′).
• the phosphine ligand is used in an amount of about 0.1-1 equivalent, preferably 0.1-0.5 equivalent, relative to compound (1d′).
• the base is used in an amount of about 1-10 mol, preferably 2-5 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (1d′).
• the solvent is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, 1,4-dioxane and the like are preferable.
• the reaction time is generally 1-24 hr, preferably 1-10 hr.
• compound (1d′′) can also be produced by reacting compound (1d′) with acid halide in the presence of a base.
• the acid halide As the acid halide, acetyl chloride and the like are preferable.
• the acid halide is used in an amount of about 1-10 mol, preferably 2-5 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (1d′).
• the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, ethers and amides are desirable.
• As the base for example, triethylamine and the like are preferable.
• the base is used in an amount of about 1-10 mol, preferably 1-3 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (1d′). It is desirable to carry out the reaction generally at room temperature or heating under reflux conditions, preferably at room temperature.
• the reaction time is generally 1-24 hr, preferably 1-16 hr.
• compound (1d′′) can also be produced by reacting compound (1d′) with an isocyanate derivative.
• the isocyanate derivative phenylisocyanate and the like are preferable.
• the isocyanate derivative is used in an amount of about 1-10 mol, preferably 2-5 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (1d′).
• the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, ethers and amides are desirable.
• the reaction time is generally 1-24 hr, preferably 1-5 hr.
• step 22 compound (1e) is produced from compound (31).
• the alkali metal hydrides are used in an amount of about 1-10 mol, preferably 1-3 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (31).
• the alkyl halide is used in an amount of about 1-10 mol, preferably 1-3 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (31).
• additives such as tetrabutylammoniumiodide and the like may also be added.
• the amount of the tetrabutylammoniumiodide to be used is about 0.1-3 equivalents, preferably 0.1-1 equivalent, relative to 1 mol of compound (31).
• the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, amides, ethers and a mixed solvent thereof are desirable.
• the reaction time is generally 0.5 hr-48 hr, preferably 1 hr-24 hr.
• compound (1e) may be produced by reacting compound (31) with a sulfonylchloride derivative.
• sulfonylchloride derivative benzenesulfonylchloride and the like are preferable.
• the sulfonylchloride derivative is used in an amount of about 1-10 mol, preferably 1-3 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (31).
• the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, aromatic organic bases are desirable.
• reaction it is desirable to carry out the reaction generally at room temperature or under heated conditions, preferably at room temperature.
• the reaction time is generally 3 hr-48 hr, preferably 5 hr-24 hr.
• step 23 compound (33) is produced from compound (32).
• methyl 2-methylalaninate can be used as the amines.
• Examples of the condensing agent include 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride.
• the solvent is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, nitriles, ethers and amides are desirable.
• the amount of the amines to be used is about 1-5 mol, preferably 1-3 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (32).
• the amount of the condensing agent to be used is about 1-5 mol, preferably 1-3 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (32).
• the amount of the 1-hydroxy-1H-benzotriazole to be used is about 1-5 mol, preferably 1-3 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (32).
• the amount of the organic bases to be used is about 1-10 mol, preferably 2-3 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (32).
• reaction it is desirable to carry out the reaction generally at room temperature or under heated conditions, preferably at room temperature.
• the reaction time is generally 1-48 hr, preferably 5-10 hr.
• step 24 compound (34) is produced from compound (33), wherein production of carboxylic acid by ester hydrolysis and condensation of the obtained carboxylic acid and amine are continuously performed.
• the step of producing carboxylic acid by ester hydrolysis can be performed by a reaction under acidic or basic conditions. It is advantageous to carry out this reaction without using a solvent or using an inert solvent for the reaction.
• the solvent to be used is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, it is desirable to use alcohols, a solvent mixed with water and ethers.
• inorganic acids can be used.
• Examples of the base include inorganic bases.
• the amount of the acid or the base to be used is about 1-10 mol, preferably 1-5 mol, relative to 1 mol of the compound (33).
• reaction it is desirable to carry out the reaction generally at room temperature or under heated conditions, preferably at room temperature.
• the reaction time generally is 1-48 hours, preferably 3-10 hours.
• the subsequent step of condensation with amine can be performed using a condensing agent by a reaction in the presence of an organic base and 1-hydroxy-1H-benzotriazole.
• aniline can be used as the amines.
• Examples of the condensing agent include 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride.
• the solvent is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds but, for example, nitriles, ethers and amides are preferable.
• the amount of the amines to be used is about 1-5 mol, preferably 1-3 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (33).
• the amount of the condensing agent to be used is about 1-5 mol, preferably 1-3 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (33).
• the amount of the 1-hydroxy-1H-benzotriazole to be used is about 1-5 mol, preferably 1-3 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (33).
• the amount of the organic bases to be used is about 1-10 mol, preferably 2-3 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (33).
• reaction it is desirable to carry out the reaction generally at room temperature or under heated conditions, preferably at room temperature.
• the reaction time is generally 5-48 hr, preferably 10-24 hr.
• step 25 compound (1f) is produced from compound (34), wherein it can be performed in the presence of sodium acetate and the like.
• the amount of the sodium acetate to be used is about 1-5 mol, preferably 1-3 mol, relative to 1 mol of compound (34).
• This reaction is preferably carried out without solvent or using an inert solvent for the reaction. While such solvent is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds, for example, acetic acid and the like are preferable. Further, it is generally desirable to carry out the reaction heating under reflux conditions, or it is possible to be heated under microwave conditions.
• the reaction temperature when heating under microwave conditions generally is from 50° C. to 150° C., preferably at a temperature ranging from 100° C. to 130° C.
• the reaction time generally is from 30 to 180 min., preferably from 60 to 120 min.
• the compound of the present invention obtained by the aforementioned methods can be isolated or purified by the ordinary separation means such as recrystallization, distillation, chromatography and the like. If the compound (1 x ) or compound (1) is obtained in a free form, they can be converted to their salts by the known methods or by a comparable method (e.g., neutralization, etc.), or in reverse, if they are obtained in the salt form, they can be converted to a free form or other salts by the known methods or by a comparable method.
• a comparable method e.g., neutralization, etc.
• the compound of the present invention When the compound of the present invention is present as a configuration isomer, a diastereomer, a conformer and the like, they can be respectively isolated when desired by the above-mentioned separation and purification means. If the compound of the present invention is a racemate, it can be separated into a d-form and l-form by the ordinary optical resolution means.
• the starting compound used for the production of the compound of the present invention may be a salt as long as the reaction is not impaired.
• Examples of such salt include salts similar to those of compound (1 x ) or compound (1).
• a compound (1 x ) or compound (1) can be synthesized by further applying one or combination of known reactions such as protection/deprotection reactions, acylation reactions, alkylation reactions, hydrogenation reactions, oxidation reactions, reduction reactions, carbon chain extension reactions, substituent exchanging reactions, and so on.
• the compound of the present invention has an excellent PDE10A inhibitory activity, and for example, is useful as a medicament for preventing or treating the following diseases and symptoms.
• psychotic disorder e.g., brief psychotic disorder, induced delusional disorder
• hypoglycemia-induced neurodegeneration
• learning disorder e.g., dyslexia, dyscalculia, agraphia
• bipolar disorder including bipolar I disorder or bipolar II disorder
• schizophrenia e.g., paranoid schizophrenia, disorganized schizophrenia, catatonic schizophrenia, undifferentiated schizophrenia, residual schizophrenia
• the compound of the present invention is useful for preventing or treating schizophrenia.
• the compound of the present invention demonstrates excellent metabolic stability, superior therapeutic effects on the aforementioned diseases are expected even at a low dosage.
• the compound of the present invention Since the compound of the present invention has low toxicity (e.g., more superior as medicament in terms of acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, genetic toxicity, reproductive toxicity, cardiotoxicity, drug interaction, carcinogenicity and the like), it can be safely administered as it is as a medicament, or as a pharmaceutical composition obtained by mixing with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier etc., orally or parenterally to a mammal (e.g., human, monkey, bovine, horse, swine, mouse, rat, hamster, rabbit, cat, dog, sheep, goat etc.).
• a mammal e.g., human, monkey, bovine, horse, swine, mouse, rat, hamster, rabbit, cat, dog, sheep, goat etc.
• the compound of the present invention can be used singly as a medicament according to a method known per se (e.g., the method described in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia etc.) as a production method of a pharmaceutical preparation.
• the compound of the present invention can be used as a pharmaceutical composition by mixing with a pharmacologically acceptable carrier.
• a medicament containing the compound of the present invention can be safely administered as, for example, tablets (inclusive of sugar-coated tablet, film-coated tablet, sublingual tablet, orally disintegrable tablet, buccal, etc.), pills, powders, granules, capsules (inclusive of soft capsule, and microcapsule), troches, syrups, liquids, emulsions, suspensions, controlled-release preparations (e.g., quick-release preparation, sustained-release preparation, sustained-release microcapsule), aerosols, films (e.g., orally disintegrable film, oral mucosal adhesive film), injections (e.g., subcutaneous injection, intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, intraperitoneal injection), drip infusion, percutaneous absorbent, ointment, lotion, patch, suppositories (e.g., rectal suppository, vaginal suppository), pellets, transnasal preparations, pulmonary preparations (inhalant), eye drops and the like, in an oral or
• a pharmaceutical acceptable carrier common organic or inorganic carrier substances are used as formulation raw materials.
• Carriers are added as vehicles, lubricants, binders and disintegrants in the solid formulations; and as solvents, solubilizing agents, suspending agents, isotonization agents, buffers, soothing agents etc. in the liquid formulations.
• formulation additives such as antiseptics, antioxidants, colorants, sweeteners, etc. can be used.
• the vehicles are as follows: lactose, sucrose, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol, starch, ⁇ -starch, dextrin, crystalline cellulose, low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, gum Arabic, pullulan, light anhydrous silicic acid, synthetic aluminum silicate and magnesium metasilicic aluminate.
• lubricants include magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, talc and colloidal silica.
• binders are as follows: ⁇ -starch, sucrose, gelatin, gum Arabic, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, crystalline cellulose, sucrose, D-mannitol, trehalose, dextrin, pullulan, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
• disintegrants are as follows: lactose, sucrose, starch, carboxymethylcellulose, calcium carboxymethylcellulose, croscarmellose sodium, sodium carboxymethyl starch, light anhydrous silicic acid and low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose.
• solvents are as follows: water for injection, physiological saline, Linger solution, alcohol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, sesame oil, corn oil, olive oil and cottonseed oil.
• solubilizing agents are as follows: polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, D-mannitol, trehalose, benzyl benzoate, ethanol, tris-aminomethane, cholesterol, triethanolamine, sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, sodium salicylate and sodium acetate.
• suspending agents are as follows: surfactants such as stearyl triethanolamine, sodium lauryl sulfate, laurylamino propionic acid, lecithin, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, and glycerin monostearate; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl cellulose, etc.; polysorbates, and polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil.
• surfactants such as stearyl triethanolamine, sodium lauryl sulfate, laurylamino propionic acid, lecithin, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, and glycerin monostearate
• hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxy
• isotonization agents include sodium chloride, glycerin, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol and glucose.
• buffers include buffer solutions of phosphates, acetates, carbonates and citrates, etc.
• the soothing agents include benzyl alcohol.
• antiseptics include para-oxybenzoic acid esters, chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, phenethyl alcohol, dehydroacetic acid and sorbic acid.
• antioxidants include sulfites and ascorbates.
• the colorants include water soluble edible tar dyes (e.g., edible dyes such as Food Red No. 2 and No. 3, Food Yellow No. 4 and No. 5, Food Blue No. 1 and 2, etc.); water insoluble lake dyes (e.g., aluminum salts of the aforementioned water soluble edible tar dyes), natural dyes (e.g., ⁇ -carotene, chlorophyll, ferric oxide red).
• water soluble edible tar dyes e.g., edible dyes such as Food Red No. 2 and No. 3, Food Yellow No. 4 and No. 5, Food Blue No. 1 and 2, etc.
• water insoluble lake dyes e.g., aluminum salts of the aforementioned water soluble edible tar dyes
• natural dyes e.g., ⁇ -carotene, chlorophyll, ferric oxide red.
• sweeteners include sodium saccharin, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, aspartame and stevia.
• compositions of the present invention can be manufactured by the common methods in the field of formulation technology, for example, methods listed in the Japanese pharmacopoeia, etc. Specific production methods for formulations are described in detail below.
• the content of the compound of the present invention in the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention varies based on the dosage forms, dosages of the compound of the present invention, etc.
• the content approximately ranges from about 0.01 to 100 wt % and preferably from 0.1 to 95 wt % relative to the entire amount of the composition.
• the dosage of the compound of the present invention depends upon administration subjects, administration routes, target diseases, symptoms, etc.
• a single dose ranges from about 0.1 to about 20 mg/kg bodyweight, preferably from about 0.2 to about 10 mg/kg bodyweight, further preferably from about 0.5 to about 10 mg/kg bodyweight, and this dosage is preferably administered once daily or several times daily (e.g., 3 times).
• the compound of the present invention may be used in combination with other active ingredients.
• Examples of the drug that can be used in combination or concomitantly with the compound of the present invention include the following.
• a therapeutic drug for mental diseases particularly schizophrenia, or bipolar disorder, obsessive disorder, major depression, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cognitive dysfunction and memory disorders
• antipsychotic agents e.g., clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, aripiprazole, blonanserin, iloperidone, asenapine, ziprasidone, quetiapine, zotepine etc.
• typical antipsychotic agents e.g., haloperidol, chlorpromazine etc.
• selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor e.g., paroxetine, sertraline, fluvoxamine, fluoxetine etc.
• selective serotonin•noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor e.g., milnacipran, venlafaxine etc.
• selective noradrenaline•dopamine reuptake inhibitor e.g., bupropion etc.
• the dosage form of concomitant drugs with the compound of the present invention is not particularly limited and is acceptable as long as the compound of the present invention is combined with concomitant drugs at the time of administration.
• Examples of such dosage forms are as follows:
• a concomitant drug and the compound of the present invention can be administered at the same time, but the compound of the present invention can be administered after a concomitant drug is administered or after the compound of the present invention is administered, a concomitant drug can be administered.
• the time difference depends upon the active ingredients to be administered, dosage forms and methods of administration.
• the compound of the present invention can be administered within 1 min. to 3 days, preferably within 10 min. to 1 day and more preferably within 15 min. to 1 hour after the concomitant drug is administered.
• a concomitant drug can be administered within 1 min. to 1 day, preferably within 10 min. to 6 hours and more preferably within 15 min. to 1 hour after the compound of the present invention is administered.
• a daily dosage as a concomitant drug depends upon administration subjects, administration routes, target diseases, symptoms, etc.
• a normal once dosage ranges from about 0.1 to about 20 mg/kg bodyweight, preferably from about 0.2 to about 10 mg/kg bodyweight and more preferably from about 0.5 to about 10 mg/kg bodyweight. It is preferable that this dosage is administered once daily to several times daily (e.g., 3 times).
• the respective dosages can be reduced within a safe range with consideration of the opposite effects of the respective drugs.
• the combination drug of the present invention exhibits low toxicity.
• the compound of the present invention or (and) the aforementioned concomitant drug can be combined with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier according to the known method to prepare a pharmaceutical composition such as tablets (including sugar-coated tablet and film-coated tablet), powders, granules, capsules (including soft capsule), liquids, injections, suppositories, sustained-release agents, etc.
• a pharmaceutical composition such as tablets (including sugar-coated tablet and film-coated tablet), powders, granules, capsules (including soft capsule), liquids, injections, suppositories, sustained-release agents, etc.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable carriers that may be used for production the combination drug of the present invention can be the same as those used in the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention as mentioned above.
• a combination ratio between the compound of the present invention and a concomitant drug in the combination drug of the present invention can be selected appropriately based on the administration subjects, administration routes and diseases, etc.
• the aforementioned concomitant drugs can be used in combination at an appropriate proportion if two or more drugs are combined.
• a dosage of the concomitant drug can be selected appropriately based on the dosages used clinically.
• a mixing ratio between the compound of the present invention and a concomitant drug can be selected appropriately based on the administration subjects, administration routes, target diseases, symptoms, combinations, etc.
• a concomitant drug may be used in an amount ranging from 0.01 to 100 parts by weight relative to 1 part by weight of the compound of the present invention.
• the content of the compound of the present invention in the combination drug of the present invention varies with the form of formulations. Generally, it is present in a range from about 0.01 to 99.9 wt %, preferably from about 0.1 to about 50 wt % and more preferably from about 0.5 to about 20 wt % relative to the entire formula.
• the content of a concomitant drug in the combination drug of the present invention varies with the drug form of formulations. Generally it is present in a range from about 0.01 to 99.9 wt %, preferably from about 0.1 to about 50 wt % and more preferably from about 0.5 to about 20 wt % relative to the entire formula.
• the content of an additive such as carriers in the combination drug of the present invention varies with the drug form of formulations. Generally it is present in a range from about 1 to 99.99 wt % and preferably from about 10 to about 90 wt % relative to the entire formula.
• a dosage less than the dosages may be sufficient or it may be necessary to administer at a dosage exceeding the range.
• room temperature in the following Examples is generally about 10° C. to about 35° C.
• the ratio for a mixed solvent is, unless otherwise specified, a volume mixing ratio and % means wt % unless otherwise specified.
• the indication of NH means use of aminopropylsilane-bonded silica gel.
• HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
• the indication of C18 means use of octadecyl-bonded silica gel.
• the ratio of elution solvents is, unless otherwise specified, a volume mixing ratio.
• API atmospheric chemical ionization method
• DIAD isopropyl azodicarboxylate
• PdCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II)dichloride
• ESI ElectroSpray Ionization
• APCI Anatomospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization
• the data shows Found.
• molecular ion peak are observed.
• a compound having a tert-butoxycarbonyl group (-Boc)
• a peak free of a tert-butoxycarbonyl group or tert-butyl group may be observed as a fragment ion.
• a compound having a hydroxyl group (—OH) a peak free of H 2 O may be observed as a fragment ion.
• a salt generally, a molecular ion peak or a fragment ion peak of a free form is observed.
• the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate, the extract was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (methanol/ethyl acetate) to give the title compound (45 mg).

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• 2011
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