US9150480B2 - Synthesis of fluorinated ethers - Google Patents

Synthesis of fluorinated ethers Download PDF

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Publication number
US9150480B2
US9150480B2 US11/813,785 US81378506A US9150480B2 US 9150480 B2 US9150480 B2 US 9150480B2 US 81378506 A US81378506 A US 81378506A US 9150480 B2 US9150480 B2 US 9150480B2
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Prior art keywords
process according
isoflurane
chromia catalyst
catalyst
chromia
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US11/813,785
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US20080132731A1 (en
Inventor
Joel Swinson
Barry Jones
Danny Graham
Neville Pavri
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Halocarbon Products Corp
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Halocarbon Products Corp
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Assigned to HALOCARBON PRODUCTS CORPORATION reassignment HALOCARBON PRODUCTS CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: GRAHAM, DANNY, PAVRI, NEVILLE, SWINSON, JOEL, JONES, BARRY
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C41/00—Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
    • C07C41/01—Preparation of ethers
    • C07C41/16—Preparation of ethers by reaction of esters of mineral or organic acids with hydroxy or O-metal groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C43/00—Ethers; Compounds having groups, groups or groups
    • C07C43/02—Ethers
    • C07C43/03—Ethers having all ether-oxygen atoms bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C43/04—Saturated ethers
    • C07C43/12—Saturated ethers containing halogen
    • C07C43/123—Saturated ethers containing halogen both carbon chains are substituted by halogen atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C41/00—Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
    • C07C41/01—Preparation of ethers
    • C07C41/18—Preparation of ethers by reactions not forming ether-oxygen bonds
    • C07C41/22—Preparation of ethers by reactions not forming ether-oxygen bonds by introduction of halogens; by substitution of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C43/00—Ethers; Compounds having groups, groups or groups
    • C07C43/02—Ethers
    • C07C43/03—Ethers having all ether-oxygen atoms bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C43/04—Saturated ethers
    • C07C43/12—Saturated ethers containing halogen

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the preparation of fluorinated ethers, which are useful as inhalation anesthetics.
  • Desflurane is a well known compound with effective anesthetic properties. For example see E. I. Eger et al, Anesthesia and Analgesia, 1987, pp 971-973, 974-976, 977-982, 983-985, 1227-1229, 1230-1233 and 1312-1315.
  • an object of the present invention was to provide a process whereby fluorinated ethers, including desflurane, can be prepared on an industrial scale without significant problems.
  • chromia catalyst refers to a catalyst comprising chromium having a valence of 3 to 6, wherein the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of chromium oxides, chromium halides, chromium oxides treated with halides, and mixtures thereof.
  • the present invention provides a process for the preparation of fluorinated ethers of the formula: R′′CF 2 —CFR—O—CF 2 R′ where R is hydrogen, fluorine or an alkyl group, R′ is hydrogen, an alkyl group or a fluoroalkyl group and R′′ is fluorine or a fluoroalkyl group, which process comprises reacting a chlorinated ether of the formula: R′′CF 2 —CClR—O—CF 2 R′ (where, R, R′ and R′′ are as hereinbefore defined) with anhydrous HF over chromia catalyst as shown in the above reaction scheme.
  • R is hydrogen
  • R′ is hydrogen
  • R′′ is fluorine
  • CF 3 CHClOCF 2 H (isoflurane) can be fluorinated under relatively mild conditions in the vapor phase to CF 3 CHFOCF 2 H (desflurane) using excess anhydrous HF over chromia catalyst.
  • the process is continuous and is not limited to a particular pressure, since it may be run at reduced pressure, ambient pressure or at elevated pressure. Almost no by-products are seen, which results in no loss of product due to issues relating to separation of by-products from desflurane, as is the case with examples in the related art.
  • the chromia catalyst used in the reaction can be prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art, for example, those described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,706,935, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the chromia catalyst is a chromium oxide, for example, Cr 2 O 3 ; or a chromium halide, for example, CrX 3 , where each X is the same or a different halogen, especially fluorine or chlorine; or a chromium oxide, for example, Cr 2 O 3 , treated with a halide, for example, CCl 3 F or CCl 4 , or a fluorinating agent such as HF.
  • the chromia catalyst is prepared by a method that comprises annealing, drying and/or partially fluorinating it using a fluorinating agent such as HF. It can be used in form of pellets, granules or as a powder.
  • the chromia catalyst can be unsupported, but can also be deposited on a solid support such as alumina or may be doped with transition metal ions.
  • the process of the present invention thus provides a safe and economic route to desflurane which can be easily developed to commercial scale.
  • the starting chlorinated ether has a boiling point of 48.5° C. and can be vaporized easily by heating.
  • the fluorination will be carried out by contacting HF vapor and CF 3 CHClOCF 2 H vapor over a packed or simulated moving bed of chromia catalyst at temperatures of 80 to 45° C., preferably 100 to 300° C. and most preferably 120-200° C.
  • the reaction can be carried out at elevated pressure, reduced pressure or at atmospheric pressure.
  • the starting material is preferably introduced as a vapor, it can also be introduced in liquid form. If desired, the starting material can be introduced by mixing with an inert carrier gas.
  • the separation of product/unreacted starting materials and HCl may be either continuous or batch and is not limited as to pressure, which may be at reduced pressure, ambient pressure or at elevated pressure. In actual practice, it would be preferred to operate at higher pressure to allow for greater fractional distillation efficiency.
  • the separation method used may be fractional distillation, solvent extraction, washing with water and the like.
  • a 1-foot by 1-inch stainless steel tube was filled with chromia catalyst and heated to 175° C.
  • CF 3 CHClOCF 2 H was fed into the tube using nitrogen as a carrier gas at the rate of 20 ml/min.
  • the amount of CF 3 CHClOCF 2 H fed was 0.07 moles/hr along with excess HP vapor.
  • the material went into a water scrubber to remove HF and HCl.
  • the scrubber was connected to a cold trap.
  • the contents of the cold trap were weighed and analyzed using a GC/MS. The analysis indicated the following: Desflurane 75.30%, CF 3 CHClOCF 2 H 24.58%, total other by-products 0.12% (R123, R124, R125).
  • a 1-foot by 1-inch stainless steel tube was filled with chromia catalyst and heated to 170° C. In this case, no carrier gas was used.
  • the CF 3 CHClOCF 2 H was vaporized using a pre-heater before it reached the tube containing chromia.
  • the amount of CF 3 CHClOCF 2 H fed was 0.23 moles/hr and the amount of HF fed was 2.3 moles/hr.
  • After passing over the chromia bed the material went into a water scrubber to remove HF and HCl.
  • the scrubber was connected to a cold trap. The contents of the cold trap were weighed and analyzed using a GC/MS. Analysis indicated desflurane 76.02%, CF 3 CHClOCF 2 H 14.65%, other by-products 9.33% (R123, R124, R125)
  • a 1-foot by 1-inch stainless steel tube was filled with chromia catalyst and heated to 140° C. In this case, no carrier gas was used.
  • the CF 3 CHClOCF 2 H was vaporized using a pre-heater before it reached the tube containing chromia.
  • the amount of CF 3 CHClOCF 2 H fed was 0.32 moles/hr and the amount of HF fed was 1.5 moles/hr.
  • After passing over the chromia bed the material was collected into a cold bomb and the bomb was weighed. A mass balance of 95% was obtained.
  • the contents of the bomb were passed through water to remove HF and HCl and the organic material was collected in a cold trap and analyzed using GC/MS. Analysis indicated 46.14% desflurane, 53.86% isoflurane and ⁇ 0.1% by-products. This corresponds to a 95% yield of desflurane.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
US11/813,785 2005-01-12 2006-01-06 Synthesis of fluorinated ethers Expired - Fee Related US9150480B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/813,785 US9150480B2 (en) 2005-01-12 2006-01-06 Synthesis of fluorinated ethers

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US64330105P 2005-01-12 2005-01-12
PCT/US2006/000750 WO2006076324A2 (en) 2005-01-12 2006-01-06 Synthesis of fluorinated ethers
US11/813,785 US9150480B2 (en) 2005-01-12 2006-01-06 Synthesis of fluorinated ethers

Publications (2)

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US20080132731A1 US20080132731A1 (en) 2008-06-05
US9150480B2 true US9150480B2 (en) 2015-10-06

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US11/813,785 Expired - Fee Related US9150480B2 (en) 2005-01-12 2006-01-06 Synthesis of fluorinated ethers

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US9150480B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1843996B1 (de)
KR (2) KR20090094050A (de)
CN (1) CN101128412B (de)
BR (1) BRPI0606540A2 (de)
CA (1) CA2594747C (de)
ES (1) ES2406004T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2006076324A2 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101743215A (zh) * 2007-07-13 2010-06-16 皮拉莫医疗保健有限公司 1,2,2,2-四氟乙基二氟甲基醚（地氟烷）的制备方法
WO2012064477A2 (en) 2010-11-10 2012-05-18 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Compositions comprising cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene and 2-difluoromethoxy-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and uses thereof
JP6886104B2 (ja) 2016-12-29 2021-06-16 セントラル硝子株式会社 ハロゲン化α−フルオロエーテル類の製造方法
US10683252B2 (en) 2016-12-29 2020-06-16 Central Glass Company, Limited Production method for 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether (desflurane)

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3258500A (en) * 1959-08-17 1966-06-28 Du Pont Process for fluorinating halohydro-carbons
US3535425A (en) 1969-12-18 1970-10-20 Air Reduction 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether as an anesthetic agent
US3535388A (en) 1969-05-12 1970-10-20 Air Reduction 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether
US3804778A (en) 1971-05-06 1974-04-16 Rhone Progil Fluorination catalyst and process
US4088701A (en) * 1975-05-12 1978-05-09 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-fluoromethyl ether and process for preparing it
US5026924A (en) * 1989-03-14 1991-06-25 Anaquest, Inc. Process for production of 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether
US6555086B2 (en) 1997-04-09 2003-04-29 Ineos Fluor Holdings Limited Hydrogen fluoride recovery process
US20030209685A1 (en) 2000-11-17 2003-11-13 Mark Robin Methods for preparing ethers, ether compositions, fluoroether fire extinguishing systems, mixtures and methods

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3897502A (en) 1971-10-22 1975-07-29 Airco Inc Process for making fluorinated ethers
US5015781A (en) 1988-05-06 1991-05-14 Boc, Inc. Anesthetic compound and method of preparing
US4874901A (en) 1988-05-06 1989-10-17 Boc, Inc. Process for the production of polyfluorinated ethers
JPH01301636A (ja) 1988-05-31 1989-12-05 Central Glass Co Ltd １，２，２，２−テトラフルオロエチルジフルオロメチルエーテルの製造法
US4855511A (en) 1988-07-18 1989-08-08 Boc, Inc. Process for preparing CHF2 OCHFCF3 and CHF2 OCHClCF3 and novel intermediate compounds employed therein
WO1992002476A1 (en) 1990-07-31 1992-02-20 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Catalytic equilibration of selected halocarbons
GB9023370D0 (en) 1990-10-26 1990-12-05 Rhone Poulenc Chemicals Synthesis of fluorinated substituted ethanes
US6800786B1 (en) 2002-09-25 2004-10-05 Baxter International, Inc. Preparation of desflurane

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3258500A (en) * 1959-08-17 1966-06-28 Du Pont Process for fluorinating halohydro-carbons
US3535388A (en) 1969-05-12 1970-10-20 Air Reduction 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether
US3535425A (en) 1969-12-18 1970-10-20 Air Reduction 1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether as an anesthetic agent
US3804778A (en) 1971-05-06 1974-04-16 Rhone Progil Fluorination catalyst and process
US4088701A (en) * 1975-05-12 1978-05-09 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-fluoromethyl ether and process for preparing it
US5026924A (en) * 1989-03-14 1991-06-25 Anaquest, Inc. Process for production of 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether
US6555086B2 (en) 1997-04-09 2003-04-29 Ineos Fluor Holdings Limited Hydrogen fluoride recovery process
US20030209685A1 (en) 2000-11-17 2003-11-13 Mark Robin Methods for preparing ethers, ether compositions, fluoroether fire extinguishing systems, mixtures and methods
US6849194B2 (en) 2000-11-17 2005-02-01 Pcbu Services, Inc. Methods for preparing ethers, ether compositions, fluoroether fire extinguishing systems, mixtures and methods

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BRPI0606540A2 (pt) 2009-06-30
KR100934295B1 (ko) 2009-12-29
CN101128412B (zh) 2010-10-13
CA2594747A1 (en) 2006-07-20
ES2406004T3 (es) 2013-06-04
CN101128412A (zh) 2008-02-20
WO2006076324A2 (en) 2006-07-20
EP1843996A2 (de) 2007-10-17
WO2006076324A3 (en) 2006-11-02
EP1843996B1 (de) 2013-04-10
KR20090094050A (ko) 2009-09-02
US20080132731A1 (en) 2008-06-05
KR20080008316A (ko) 2008-01-23
EP1843996A4 (de) 2010-03-31
CA2594747C (en) 2011-11-15

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