US8964303B2 - Zoom lens and image pickup apparatus having the same - Google Patents

Zoom lens and image pickup apparatus having the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US8964303B2
US8964303B2 US13/681,836 US201213681836A US8964303B2 US 8964303 B2 US8964303 B2 US 8964303B2 US 201213681836 A US201213681836 A US 201213681836A US 8964303 B2 US8964303 B2 US 8964303B2
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lens
lens unit
zoom
object side
negative
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US20130148211A1 (en
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Nobuyuki Miyazawa
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Canon Inc
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Canon Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B15/00—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification
    • G02B15/14—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective
    • G02B15/144—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective having four groups only
    • G02B15/1441—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective having four groups only the first group being positive
    • G02B15/144113—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective having four groups only the first group being positive arranged +-++
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B15/00—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification
    • G02B15/14—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B15/00—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification
    • G02B15/14—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective
    • G02B15/16—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective with interdependent non-linearly related movements between one lens or lens group, and another lens or lens group
    • G02B15/163—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective with interdependent non-linearly related movements between one lens or lens group, and another lens or lens group having a first movable lens or lens group and a second movable lens or lens group, both in front of a fixed lens or lens group
    • G02B15/167—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective with interdependent non-linearly related movements between one lens or lens group, and another lens or lens group having a first movable lens or lens group and a second movable lens or lens group, both in front of a fixed lens or lens group having an additional fixed front lens or group of lenses
    • G02B15/173—Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective with interdependent non-linearly related movements between one lens or lens group, and another lens or lens group having a first movable lens or lens group and a second movable lens or lens group, both in front of a fixed lens or lens group having an additional fixed front lens or group of lenses arranged +-+

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a zoom lens, and more particularly to an image pickup lens that is suitably used for an image pickup apparatus such as a video camera, a surveillance camera, a digital still camera, a broadcast camera, or a silver-salt film camera.
  • an image pickup apparatus such as a video camera, a surveillance camera, a digital still camera, a broadcast camera, or a silver-salt film camera.
  • a zoom lens having a small-size total system with a high zoom ratio is required for an image pickup optical system that is used for an image pickup apparatus such as a video camera, a surveillance camera, or a digital still camera.
  • a small-size zoom lens with a high zoom ratio a four-unit zoom lens of a positive lead type that is configured by four lens units as a whole, which includes a lens unit having a positive refractive power (an inverse of a focal length) disposed closest to an object side, is known.
  • a zoom lens which includes, in order from an object side to an image side, first to fourth lens units having positive, negative, positive, and positive refractive powers respectively is known.
  • a four-unit zoom lens of a rear focus type in which the second lens unit or both the second lens unit and the third lens unit in the lens units are moved to perform a magnification varying operation and also the fourth lens unit is moved to correct a variation of an image plane due to the magnification variation while focusing is known.
  • the four-unit zoom lens of the positive lead type it is comparatively easy for the four-unit zoom lens of the positive lead type to achieve a small size of the total system and a high zoom ratio.
  • the zoom lens which has a first lens fixed during zooming, there are optical characteristics that a diameter of a light beam entering the third lens unit is increased at a wide angle end. Therefore, the third lens unit has an optical role of correcting spherical aberration or coma aberration at the wide angle end.
  • the refractive power of the third lens unit is strengthened, it is possible to correct the spherical aberration or the coma aberration at the wide angle end only by using the third lens unit.
  • the third lens unit in order to reduce the number of the lenses of the third lens unit while appropriately performing the aberration correction, there is a method of using the third lens unit in which a positive lens and a negative lens are disposed in order from the object side to the image side and a negative refractive power is given to a lens surface closest to the image side.
  • the present invention provides a zoom lens having a small-size total system with a high zoom ratio that has a high optical performance over an entire zoom range even when considering a manufacturing error and an image pickup apparatus having the zoom lens.
  • a zoom lens as one aspect of the present invention includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens unit having a positive refractive power, a second lens unit having a negative refractive power, a third lens unit having a positive refractive power, and a fourth lens unit having a positive refractive power, the first lens unit is fixed and at least the second lens unit and the fourth lens unit are moved during zooming, the third lens unit is configured by a cemented lens that is formed by cementing a negative lens having a meniscus shape convex towards the object side and a positive lens, the fourth lens unit is configured by a cemented lens that is formed by cementing a negative lens having a meniscus shape convex towards the object side and a positive lens, and focal lengths f 3 and f 4 of the third lens unit and the fourth lens unit are appropriately set.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional diagram of a zoom lens at a wide angle end in Embodiment 1.
  • FIGS. 2A , 2 B, and 2 C are aberration diagrams of the zoom lens in Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional diagram of a zoom lens at a wide angle end in Embodiment 2.
  • FIGS. 4A , 4 B, and 4 C are aberration diagrams of the zoom lens in Embodiment 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional diagram of a zoom lens at a wide angle end in Embodiment 3.
  • FIGS. 6A , 6 B, and 6 C are aberration diagrams of the zoom lens in Embodiment 3.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional diagram of a zoom lens at a wide angle end in Embodiment 4.
  • FIGS. 8A , 8 B, and 8 C are aberration diagrams of the zoom lens in Embodiment 4.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a main part of a video camera of the present invention.
  • the zoom lens of the present invention includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens unit having a positive refractive power, a second lens unit having a negative refractive power, a third lens unit having a positive refractive power, and a fourth lens unit having a positive refractive power.
  • the first lens unit is fixed (is not moved), and at least the second and fourth lens units are moved on an optical axis.
  • the zoom lens of the present invention may also be configured so that a lens unit having a refractive power is disposed on at least one of the object side of the first lens unit or the image side of the fourth lens unit.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional diagram of lenses at a wide angle end (at a short focus end) of the zoom lens of Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIGS. 2A , 2 B, and 2 C are aberration diagrams of the zoom lens of Embodiment 1 at the wide angle end, at an intermediate zoom position, and a telephoto end (at a long focus end), respectively
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional diagram of lenses at the wide angle end of the zoom lens of Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • FIGS. 4A , 4 B, and 4 C are aberration diagrams of the zoom lens of Embodiment 2 at the wide angle end, at the intermediate zoom position, and the telephoto end, respectively.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional diagram of lenses at the wide angle end of the zoom lens of Embodiment 3 of the present invention
  • FIGS. 6A , 6 B, and 6 C are aberration diagrams of the zoom lens of Embodiment 3 at the wide angle end, at the intermediate zoom position, and the telephoto end, respectively.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional diagram of lenses at the wide angle end of the zoom lens of Embodiment 4 of the present invention
  • FIGS. 8A , 8 B, and 8 C are aberration diagrams of the zoom lens of Embodiment 4 at the wide angle end, at the intermediate zoom position, and the telephoto end, respectively.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a main part of a video camera (an image pickup apparatus) that is equipped with the zoom lens of the present invention.
  • the zoom lens of each of Embodiments 1 to 4 is an image pickup lens system that is used for the image pickup apparatus.
  • the left side indicates the object side and the right side indicates the image side.
  • reference symbol L 1 denotes the first lens unit having the positive refractive power
  • reference symbol L 2 denotes the second lens unit having the negative refractive power
  • reference symbol L 3 denotes the third lens unit having the positive refractive power
  • reference symbol L 4 denotes the fourth lens unit having the positive refractive power.
  • Reference symbol SP denotes an aperture stop, which is located at the object side of the third lens unit L 3 and is fixed (is not moved) or is moved during zooming.
  • Reference symbol G denotes an optical block that corresponds to an optical filter or a face plate.
  • Reference code IP denotes an image plane, which corresponds to an imaging surface of a solid-state image pickup element such as a CCD sensor or a CMOS sensor when used as an image pickup optical system of the digital still camera or the video camera, or corresponds to a film surface when used as the silver-salt film camera.
  • reference symbols d and g denote d-line and g-line, respectively.
  • reference symbols ⁇ M and ⁇ S denote a meridional image plane and a sagittal image plane for the d-line, respectively.
  • the wide angle end and the telephoto end mean zoom positions when a magnification-varying lens unit (the second lens unit) is respectively located at a corresponding one of both ends in a mechanically movable range on the optical axis.
  • the second lens unit L 2 is moved to the image side as indicated by an arrow during zooming from the wide angle end to the telephoto end.
  • the fourth lens unit L 4 is moved along a locus convex towards the object side so as to correct an image plane variation caused by the magnification variation.
  • the second lens unit L 2 when zooming is performed from the wide angle end to the telephoto end, the second lens unit L 2 is moved to the image side, and the aperture stop SP, the third lens unit L 3 , and the fourth lens unit L 4 are moved to the object side along a locus convex towards the object side.
  • a curve line 4 a depicted as a solid line and a curve line 4 b depicted as a dashed line each relating to the fourth lens unit L 4 are movement trajectories for correcting the image plane variation caused by the magnification variation when focusing on an infinite object and a short distance object, respectively.
  • the fourth lens unit L 4 is moved to the front as indicated by an arrow 4 C.
  • the third lens unit L 3 is appropriately moved in a direction having a component of a direction perpendicular to the optical axis so as to move the shot image in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis.
  • a blur of the shot image which is generated by the shake of the zoom lens is corrected. In other words, an image stabilizing operation is performed.
  • the zoom lens of each embodiment is, in order from the object side to the image side, configured by the first lens unit L 1 having the positive refractive power, the second lens unit L 2 having the negative refractive power, the third lens unit L 3 having the positive refractive power, and the fourth lens unit L 4 having the positive refractive power, which easily achieves a high zoom ratio as well as reduction in size of a total system.
  • the zoom lens having such a zoom type when the first lens unit L 1 is decentered, the field curvature is not rotationally symmetric at the telephoto end, and for example object distances at which in-focus state is obtained are different between the right and the left of the image, which is not preferable. Therefore, the first lens unit L 1 is fixed with respect to the image plane during zooming so as not to have a clearance (a moving space) for a lens barrel.
  • the third lens unit L 3 is configured by a cemented lens that is formed by cementing a negative lens having a meniscus shape convex towards the object side and a positive lens.
  • a cemented lens that is formed by cementing a negative lens having a meniscus shape convex towards the object side and a positive lens.
  • the fourth lens unit L 4 is configured by a cemented lens that is formed by cementing a negative lens having a meniscus shape convex towards the object side and a positive lens.
  • a cemented lens that is formed by cementing a negative lens having a meniscus shape convex towards the object side and a positive lens.
  • Focal lengths of the third lens unit L 3 and the fourth lens unit L 4 are denoted by f 3 and f 4 , respectively.
  • the following conditional expression is met. 0.68 ⁇ f 3 /f 4 ⁇ 1.20 (1)
  • Conditional Expression (1) is an expression of defining a ratio of the focal lengths of the third lens unit L 3 and the fourth lens unit L 4 .
  • a value exceeds the upper limit of Conditional Expression (1) which means the refractive power of the third lens unit L 3 is weakened, a diameter of the light beam entering the fourth lens unit L 4 is enlarged at the wide angle end.
  • the spherical aberration or the coma aberration at the wide angle end is corrected by whole of the third lens unit L 3 and the fourth lens unit L 4 .
  • the third lens unit L 3 and the fourth lens unit L 4 are decentered by a manufacturing error or the like, it is difficult to correct the spherical aberration or the coma aberration at the wide angle end, and a large amount of the coma aberration caused by the decentering is generated.
  • the value exceeds the lower limit the refractive power of the third lens unit L 3 is strengthened, and therefore it is difficult to correct the spherical aberration or the coma aberration at the wide angle end.
  • a numerical range of Conditional Expression (1) be set as follows. 0.71 ⁇ f 3 /f 4 ⁇ 1.16 (1a)
  • At least one of the following conditional expressions be met. Radii of curvature of lens surfaces at the object side and the image side of the negative lens of the third lens unit L 3 are denoted by R 3 n 1 and R 3 n 2 , respectively. A refractive index and Abbe number of a material of the negative lens of the third lens unit L 3 are denoted by N 3 n and ⁇ 3 n respectively, and a refractive index of a material of the negative lens of the fourth lens unit L 4 is denoted by N 4 n .
  • a distance from a lens surface closest to the image side of the first lens unit L 1 to a lens surface closest to the object side of the third lens unit L 3 at the wide angle end is denoted by D 13 w
  • a focal length of the second lens unit L 2 is denoted by f 2 .
  • Conditional Expression (2) is an expression of defining a ratio of the focal length of the third lens unit L 3 and the radius of curvature of the lens surface at the object side of the negative lens in the third lens unit L 3 . Since the third lens unit L 3 is configured only by a pair of cemented lenses, a radius of curvature where a spherical aberration coefficient and a coma aberration coefficient are reduced with respect to a desired focal length of the third lens unit L 3 is limited. Accordingly, when a value exceeds the upper limit or the lower limit of Conditional Expression (2), it is difficult to correct the spherical aberration and the coma aberration at the wide angle end.
  • Conditional Expression (3) defines a ratio of the radii of curvature of the lens surfaces at the object side and the image side of the negative lens in the third lens unit L 3 .
  • the upper limit of Conditional Expression (3) which means the refractive power of the cemented lens surface in the third lens unit L 3 is strengthened, it is difficult to correct the difference between the spherical aberrations in a short wavelength and a long wavelength.
  • the value exceeds the lower limit the achromatic ability in the third lens unit L 3 is insufficient, and as a result, an achromatizing operation needs to be performed by whole of the third lens unit L 3 and the fourth lens unit L 4 .
  • Conditional Expression (4) is an expression of defining the refractive index of the material of the negative lens in the third lens unit L 3 for the d-line.
  • Conditional Expression (5) is an expression of defining the Abbe number of the material of the negative lens in the third lens unit L 3 .
  • a value exceeds the upper limit of Conditional Expression (5) it is difficult to correct the difference between the spherical aberrations in the short wavelength and the long wavelength at the wide angle end.
  • Conditional Expression (6) is an expression of defining the refractive index of the material of the negative lens in the fourth lens unit L 4 for the d-line. When a value exceeds the lower limit of Conditional Expression (6), it is difficult to correct the coma aberration at a zoom position of the intermediate focal length.
  • Conditional Expression (7) is an expression of defining the distance from the lens surface closest to the image side of the first lens unit L 1 to the lens surface closest to the object side of the third lens unit L 3 and the focal length of the second lens unit L 2 at the wide angle end.
  • the first lens unit L 1 is fixed (is not moved) with respect to the image plane during zooming.
  • An interval between the first lens unit L 1 and the third lens unit L 3 is changed by moving the second lens unit L 2 to the image side so as to perform the magnification varying operation during zooming from the wide angle end to the telephoto end. Accordingly, in order to obtain the high zoom ratio, the moving amount of the second lens unit L 2 is increased, the interval between the second lens unit L 2 and the third lens unit L 3 is increased at the wide angle end, and the diameter of the axial light beam entering the third lens unit L 3 is enlarged.
  • Conditional Expression (7) When a value exceeds the upper limit of Conditional Expression (7), it is difficult to correct the variation of the field curvature during zooming. On the contrary, when the value exceeds the lower limit, it is difficult to achieve the high zoom ratio.
  • numerical ranges of Conditional Expressions (2) to (7) be set as follows. 1.4 ⁇ f 3 /R 3 n 1 ⁇ 1.7 (2a) 1.2 ⁇ R 3 n 1 /R 3 n 2 ⁇ 1.4 (3a) 1.9 ⁇ N 3 n (4a) ⁇ 3 n ⁇ 28.5 (5a) 1.9 ⁇ N 4 n (6a) ⁇ 8.2 ⁇ D 13 w/f 2 ⁇ 6.3 (7a)
  • a zoom lens that has an appropriate optical performance and a high zoom ratio and that reduces a manufacturing error with small number of lenses can be obtained.
  • the third lens unit L 3 be moved in a direction having a component of a direction perpendicular to the optical axis so as to perform an anti-shake operation (an image stabilization).
  • an anti-shake operation an image stabilization
  • the third lens unit L 3 since it is easy to obtain an appropriate optical performance even when the third lens unit L 3 and the fourth lens unit L 4 are decentered, it is suitable for the function of moving the third lens unit L 3 in the direction having the component of the direction perpendicular to the optical axis so as to correct the movement of the image caused by a hand shake.
  • the first lens unit L 1 be, in order from the object side to the image side, configured by a cemented lens that is formed by cementing a negative lens and a positive lens, and a positive lens.
  • the second lens unit L 2 be, in order from the object side to the image side, configured by a negative lens, a negative lens, and a positive lens that are provided independently of each other. According to this configuration, it is easy to reduce the variation of the aberration during zooming.
  • reference numeral 10 denotes a video camera body
  • reference numeral 11 denotes an image pickup optical system that is configured by the zoom lens of the present invention
  • Reference numeral 12 denotes a solid-state image pickup element (a photoelectric conversion element) such as a CCD sensor or a CMOS sensor that receives light of an object image formed by the image pickup optical system 11
  • Reference numeral 13 denotes a memory that stores information corresponding to the object image photoelectrically converted by the image pickup element 12
  • reference numeral 14 denotes a finder that is used to observe the object image displayed on a display element (not shown).
  • a small-size image pickup apparatus having a high optical performance can be achieved by applying the zoom lens of the present invention to the image pickup apparatus such as a video camera.
  • the zoom lens of the present invention can also be applied to the digital still camera similarly. It can also be applied to a mirrorless single-lens-reflex camera that does not have a quick return mirror.
  • Numerical examples 1 to 4 that correspond to Embodiments 1 to 4, respectively, are indicated.
  • symbol i denotes an order of a surface counted from the object side
  • symbol ri denotes a radius of curvature of the i-th surface
  • symbol di denotes an interval between the i-th surface and the (i+1)-th surface
  • symbols ndi and ⁇ di denote a refractive index and Abbe number of the material of the i-th optical member with respect to the d-line, respectively.
  • two surfaces closest to the image side are flat planes that correspond to optical blocks.
  • An aspherical surface shape is denoted by X that is a displacement in an optical axis direction at a position of a height H from the optical axis with reference to an apex of a surface.
  • a travel direction of light is positive
  • symbol R denotes a paraxial radius of curvature
  • symbol k denotes a conic constant
  • symbol A denotes an aspherical coefficient.
  • the aspherical surface shape is represented by the following expression.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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US13/681,836 2011-12-08 2012-11-20 Zoom lens and image pickup apparatus having the same Expired - Fee Related US8964303B2 (en)

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JP2011-268811 2011-12-08
JP2011268811A JP5858761B2 (ja) 2011-12-08 2011-12-08 ズームレンズ及びそれを有する撮像装置

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Families Citing this family (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6088343B2 (ja) * 2013-04-30 2017-03-01 株式会社タムロン 光学系及び撮像装置
JP6427344B2 (ja) * 2014-06-20 2018-11-21 オリンパス株式会社 変倍リレー光学系、及び、撮像装置
JP6452406B2 (ja) * 2014-11-28 2019-01-16 キヤノン株式会社 ズームレンズ及びそれを有する撮像装置
EP3026481A1 (en) 2014-11-28 2016-06-01 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Zoom lens and image pickup apparatus including the same
JP6642789B2 (ja) * 2015-09-24 2020-02-12 キヤノン株式会社 ズームレンズ及びそれを有する撮像装置

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH08201695A (ja) 1995-01-31 1996-08-09 Canon Inc リヤーフォーカス式のズームレンズ
US5585966A (en) * 1993-12-28 1996-12-17 Nikon Corporation Zoom lens with vibration reduction function
JP2001116996A (ja) 1999-10-15 2001-04-27 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd ズームレンズ及びそれを用いたビデオカメラ
US20080165428A1 (en) * 2006-10-02 2008-07-10 Sony Corporation Zoom lens and image capture apparatus

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5585966A (en) * 1993-12-28 1996-12-17 Nikon Corporation Zoom lens with vibration reduction function
JPH08201695A (ja) 1995-01-31 1996-08-09 Canon Inc リヤーフォーカス式のズームレンズ
US5712733A (en) 1995-01-31 1998-01-27 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Zoom lens of rear focus type
JP2001116996A (ja) 1999-10-15 2001-04-27 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd ズームレンズ及びそれを用いたビデオカメラ
US20080165428A1 (en) * 2006-10-02 2008-07-10 Sony Corporation Zoom lens and image capture apparatus

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