US8899037B2 - Stirling engine - Google Patents

Stirling engine Download PDF

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Publication number
US8899037B2
US8899037B2 US13/394,302 US201013394302A US8899037B2 US 8899037 B2 US8899037 B2 US 8899037B2 US 201013394302 A US201013394302 A US 201013394302A US 8899037 B2 US8899037 B2 US 8899037B2
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Prior art keywords
shaped tubes
holes
exhaust gas
heating portion
stirling engine
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US13/394,302
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US20120159945A1 (en
Inventor
Teruyuki Akazawa
Tsutomu Nakatsuka
Taeko Tahara
Osamu Sakamoto
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ESTIR CO Ltd
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ESTIR CO Ltd
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Publication of US20120159945A1 publication Critical patent/US20120159945A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/053—Component parts or details
    • F02G1/055—Heaters or coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J3/00—Removing solid residues from passages or chambers beyond the fire, e.g. from flues by soot blowers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0014—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from waste air or from vapors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/06—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits having a single U-bend
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/34—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending obliquely
    • F28F1/36—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending obliquely the means being helically wound fins or wire spirals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
    • F28G13/00—Appliances or processes not covered by groups F28G1/00 - F28G11/00; Combinations of appliances or processes covered by groups F28G1/00 - F28G11/00
    • F28G13/005—Appliances or processes not covered by groups F28G1/00 - F28G11/00; Combinations of appliances or processes covered by groups F28G1/00 - F28G11/00 cleaning by increasing the temperature of heat exchange surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2255/00—Heater tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2255/00—Heater tubes
    • F02G2255/10—Heater tubes dome shaped
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/20—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation
    • F23G2206/202—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation with an internal combustion engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
    • F23G2206/20—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation
    • F23G2206/203—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation with a power/heat generating installation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0026—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for combustion engines, e.g. for gas turbines or for Stirling engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
    • Y02P80/15—On-site combined power, heat or cool generation or distribution, e.g. combined heat and power [CHP] supply

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a Stirling engine for recovering heat from exhaust gas which flows through a flue.
  • a Stirling engine has features that the engine does not select a heat source and the engine can be operated if there is a temperature difference. Therefore, the Stirling engine is suitable for effectively making use of the heat source.
  • a heating portion disposed in the flue includes U-shaped tubes laterally arranged in a row. Combustion gas is made to flow perpendicularly to a direction of the row of the U-shaped tubes which function as heaters, thereby uniformizing a heater temperature distribution.
  • the present inventors figured out the heating portion shown in FIG. 13 by reference to non-patent document 1.
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective view of an essential portion showing a configuration of the heating portion of the Stirling engine.
  • U-shaped tubes 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 and 105 having difference sizes and similar shapes are disposed on the same plane, and the U-shaped tubes 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 and 105 are laterally arranged in a row.
  • the heating portion shown in FIG. 13 makes combustion gas to flow perpendicularly to a direction of the row of the U-shaped tubes like non-patent document 1 as shown with arrows in FIG. 13 .
  • a high temperature space is formed between a displacer piston and the heating portion, and a regeneration portion and a cooling portion are disposed on an outer periphery of the displacer piston. Therefore, if one ends of the U-shaped tubes 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 and 105 are located in the high temperature space of a center region and the other ends are located in the regeneration portion of an outer periphery region, the U-shaped tubes 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 and 105 can be connected directly to the high temperature space and the regeneration portion, and operation gas can smoothly flow.
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view of the flow passage separating portion of the Stirling engine shown in FIG. 13 as viewed from a side of the heating portion.
  • a flow passage separating portion 110 includes a first opening 110 A and a second opening 110 B which are in communication with the heating portion.
  • the first opening 110 A is formed in an inner peripheral side of the heating portion, and the second opening 110 B is formed in an outer peripheral side of the heating portion. If the heating portion is divided into two portions, the first opening 110 A is formed in one of the portions and the second opening 110 B is formed in the other portion.
  • the U-shaped tubes 101 are located in one end openings 101 X and the other end openings 101 Y
  • the U-shaped tubes 102 are located in one end openings 102 X and the other end openings 102 Y
  • the U-shaped tubes 103 are located in one end openings 103 X and the other end openings 103 Y
  • the U-shaped tubes 104 are located in one end openings 104 X and the other end openings 104 Y
  • the U-shaped tubes 105 are located in one end openings 105 X and the other end openings 105 Y.
  • the one end openings 103 X of the U-shaped tubes 103 , the one end openings 104 X of the U-shaped tubes 104 , and the one end openings 105 X of the U-shaped tubes 105 are located in the first opening 110 A.
  • the other end openings 101 Y of the U-shaped tubes 101 and the other end openings 102 Y of the U-shaped tubes 102 are located in the second opening 110 B.
  • the one end openings 101 X of the U-shaped tubes 101 , the one end openings 102 X of the U-shaped tubes 102 , the other end openings 103 Y of the U-shaped tubes 103 , the other end openings 104 Y of the U-shaped tubes 104 , and the other end openings 105 Y of the U-shaped tubes 105 are not brought into communication with the heating portion through the flow passage separating portion 110 , and they are connected to a regeneration portion from an outer peripheral end of the flow passage separating portion 110 .
  • one ends of the U-shaped tubes 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 and 105 can be connected to the high temperature space and the other ends thereof can be connected to the regeneration portion by providing the flow passage separating portion 110 shown in FIG. 14 .
  • non-patent document 1 does not disclose the flow passage separating portion, if a member corresponding to the flow passage separating portion 110 shown in FIG. 13 does not exist, operation gas can not flow between the high temperature space and the regeneration portion.
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides a Stirling engine, comprising a displacer piston and a power piston, in which a space is divided into two spaces by the displacer piston, one of the spaces is a high temperature space, and the other space is a low temperature space, a heating portion is disposed at a position opposed to the displacer piston across the high temperature space, a regeneration portion and a cooling portion are disposed on an outer periphery of the displacer piston, operation gas is heated and expanded in the heating portion, the operation gas is cooled and contracted in the cooling portion, and the operation gas is moved between the high temperature space and the low temperature space, wherein the heating portion includes a heating portion head which forms at least a portion of the high temperature space and a heat-transfer tubes mounted on the heating portion head, the heating portion head includes first through holes which are in communication with the high temperature space and second through holes which are in communication with the regeneration portion, the first through holes are formed closer to a center region of the heating portion head as compared with the second through holes, one ends
  • the heat-transfer tubes comprise first heat-transfer tubes located on an upstream side of flow of exhaust gas and second heat-transfer tubes located on a downstream side of flow of the exhaust gas, and the U-shaped tubes configuring the first heat-transfer tubes and the U-shaped tubes configuring the second heat-transfer tubes are provided symmetrically with respect to a division phantom line of the heating portion head as viewed from above.
  • the heat-transfer tubes include U-shaped tubes having the different sizes, and the U-shaped tubes having different sizes are disposed on the same plane.
  • the second through holes are disposed in a form of an arc.
  • the heat-transfer tubes comprise third heat-transfer tubes and fourth heat-transfer tubes
  • the U-shaped tubes configuring the third heat-transfer tubes and the U-shaped tubes configuring the fourth heat-transfer tubes are provided symmetrically with respect to a phantom line which intersects with the division phantom line at right angles.
  • the U-shaped tubes configuring the third heat-transfer tubes and the fourth heat-transfer tubes are larger than the U-shaped tubes configuring the first heat-transfer tubes and the second heat-transfer tubes.
  • each of the U-shaped tubes configuring the heat-transfer tubes includes a smooth circular tube and a corrugated outer tube which is spirally formed around an outer surface of the smooth circular tube.
  • the U-shaped tubes configuring the heat-transfer tubes are made of copper.
  • the U-shaped tubes configuring the heat-transfer tubes are made of stainless steel.
  • the U-shaped tubes configuring the heat-transfer tubes are made of titanium or nickel-chromium alloy.
  • the heating portion head is made of stainless steel.
  • the parallel exhaust gas flow passages are formed between the respective U-shaped tubes, it is possible to efficiently heat the U-shaped tubes.
  • the first through holes are formed closer to the center region of the heating portion head as compared with the second through holes, the one ends of the U-shaped tubes are mounted in the first through holes, and the other ends of the U-shaped tubes are mounted in the second through holes. According to this, operation gas can flow between the high temperature space and the regeneration portion through the U-shaped tubes, and the resistance in the flow passage can be reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a configuration of a Stirling engine according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a heating portion of the Stirling engine
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of the heating portion
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of the heating portion
  • FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the heating portion
  • FIG. 6 is a bottom view showing another embodiment of the heating portion of the Stirling engine
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the heating portion of the Stirling engine.
  • FIG. 8 is a plan view of the heating portion
  • FIG. 9 is a side view of the heating portion
  • FIG. 10 is a front view of the heating portion
  • FIG. 11 is a bottom view of the heating portion
  • FIG. 12 is a partially cut-away perspective view showing another embodiment of U-shaped tubes which configure the heating portion of the Stirling engine
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective view of an essential portion showing a configuration of the heating portion of the Stirling engine
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a flow passage separating portion of the Stirling engine shown in FIG. 13 as viewed from a side of the heating portion;
  • the heating portion includes a heating portion head which forms at least a portion of the high temperature space and a heat-transfer tubes mounted on the heating portion head, the heating portion head includes first through holes which are in communication with the high temperature space and second through holes which are in communication with the regeneration portion, the first through holes are formed closer to a center region of the heating portion head as compared with the second through holes, one ends of U-shaped tubes which configure the heat-transfer tubes are mounted in the first through holes and the other ends of the U-shaped tubes are mounted in the second through holes, and the U-shaped tubes are disposed in a direction of a row, thereby forming parallel exhaust gas flow passages between the U-shaped tubes.
  • the U-shaped tubes can efficiently be heated.
  • the first through holes are formed closer to the center region of the heating portion head as compared with the second through holes, one ends of the U-shaped tubes are mounted in the first through holes and the other ends of the U-shaped tubes are mounted in the second through holes. According to this, operation gas can flow between the high temperature space and the regeneration portion through the U-shaped tubes. Therefore, the flow passage resistance can be reduced.
  • the heat-transfer tubes comprise first heat-transfer tubes located on an upstream side of flow of exhaust gas and second heat-transfer tubes located on a downstream side of flow of the exhaust gas, and the U-shaped tubes configuring the first heat-transfer tubes and the U-shaped tubes configuring the second heat-transfer tubes are provided symmetrically with respect to a division phantom line of the heating portion head as viewed from above.
  • the first heat-transfer tubes and the second heat-transfer tubes are provided symmetrically, it is possible to increase the heating amount and to moderate the non-uniform heating.
  • the heat-transfer tubes include U-shaped tubes having the different sizes, and the U-shaped tubes having different sizes are disposed on the same plane.
  • the heating amount can further be increased.
  • the second through holes are disposed in a form of an arc.
  • the heat-transfer tubes comprise third heat-transfer tubes and fourth heat-transfer tubes
  • the U-shaped tubes configuring the third heat-transfer tube group and the U-shaped tubes configuring the fourth heat-transfer tube group are provided symmetrically with respect to a phantom line which intersects with the division phantom line at right angles.
  • the heating amount can further be increased by the third heat-transfer tube group and the fourth heat-transfer tube group.
  • the U-shaped tubes configuring the third heat-transfer tube group and the fourth heat-transfer tube group are larger than the U-shaped tubes configuring the first heat-transfer tube group and the second heat-transfer tube group.
  • each of the U-shaped tubes configuring the heat-transfer tube group includes a smooth circular tube and a corrugated outer tube which is spirally formed around an outer surface of the smooth circular tube.
  • the U-shaped tubes configuring the heat-transfer tube group are made of copper.
  • the Stirling engine is suitable for being used under a using environment where exhaust gas temperature is 500° C. or lower.
  • the U-shaped tubes configuring the heat-transfer tube group are made of stainless steel.
  • the Stirling engine is suitable for being used under a using environment where exhaust gas temperature is about 500° C. to 800° C.
  • the U-shaped tubes configuring the heat-transfer tube group are made of titanium or nickel-chromium alloy.
  • the U-shaped tube configuring the heat-transfer tube is made of titanium or nickel-chromium alloy.
  • the Stirling engine is suitable for being used under a using environment of high temperature gas where exhaust gas temperature is 800° C. or higher or under a using environment of chlorine-based corrosive exhaust gas or corrosive exhaust gas such as nitric acidhydrofluoric acid.
  • the heating portion head is made of stainless steel.
  • stainless steel material shows excellent welding properties by adjusting welding condition.
  • the U-shaped tube is inserted into the flue which configures the exhaust gas flow passage, the heating portion head is disposed outside of the exhaust gas flow passage. According to this, excellent heat exchanging function is exerted under the using environment of high temperature gas where exhaust gas temperature is 800° C. or higher, under a using environment of corrosive exhaust gas such as chlorine-based corrosive exhaust gas, or under a using environment of oxidation resistance.
  • FIG. 1 An outline configuration of the Stirling engine will first be described using FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a configuration of the Stirling engine of the embodiment.
  • the Stirling engine of the embodiment includes a displacer piston 1 and a power piston 2 .
  • a space is divided into two spaces by the displacer piston 1 , one of the spaces is defined as a high temperature space 3 , and the other space is defined as a low temperature space 4 .
  • Operation gas is made to move between the high temperature space 3 and the low temperature space 4 .
  • a heating portion 10 is installed in a heat source gas flow passage through which exhaust gas generated from a shipboard diesel engine is discharged out for example.
  • the heating portion 10 is located at a position opposed to the displacer piston 1 across the high temperature space 3 , and a regeneration portion 5 and a cooling portion 6 are disposed on an outer periphery of the displacer piston 1 .
  • the displacer piston 1 and the power piston 2 are connected to a crankshaft 7 , and an electricity-generating shaft 8 is connected to one end of the crankshaft 7 .
  • the regeneration portion 5 is formed into a cylindrical shape, and a metallic mesh heat storage material such as austenitic stainless steel and brass is provided in the regeneration portion 5 . Heat is absorbed from high temperature operation gas by the heat storage material, and heat is radiated to a low temperature operation gas.
  • the cooling portion 6 is also formed into a cylindrical shape, the cooling portion 6 is divided into a passage through which cooling water flows and a passage through which operation gas flows, and the operation gas is cooled by the cooling water.
  • the heating portion 10 is connected to the regeneration portion 5 , and the regeneration portion 5 is connected to the cooling portion 6 .
  • the heating portion 10 is in communication with the high temperature space 3
  • the cooling portion 6 is in communication with the low temperature space 4 .
  • the displacer piston 1 is operated using an electricity-generator as a power source at the time of a starting operation, and operation gas moves through the high temperature space 3 and the low temperature space 4 .
  • the operation gas is heated and expanded by the heating portion 10 , and is introduced into the high temperature space 3
  • the operation gas is cooled and contracted by the cooling portion 6 , and is introduced into the low temperature space 4 .
  • a pressure variation is generated in the high temperature space 3 and the low temperature space 4 .
  • the power piston 2 is operated and an output can be obtained.
  • the operation gas is heated by the heating portion 10 , the filled operation gas is expanded, a pressure difference is received, and the displacer piston 1 is moved downward.
  • gas existing in the low temperature space 4 between the displacer piston 1 and the power piston 2 is compressed to move the power piston 2 downward.
  • the operation gas passes through the heating portion 10 , the regeneration portion 5 and the cooling portion 6 from an upper portion (high temperature space 3 ) of the displacer piston 1 , and moves into a lower portion (low temperature space 4 ) of the displacer piston 1 .
  • the operation gas is heated by the heating portion 10 and cooled by the cooling portion 6 , and thus, the operation gas is expanded and contracted.
  • the operation gas reciprocates between the upper portion and the lower portion of the displacer piston 1 , the displacer piston 1 is moved and the power piston 2 is moved, thereby generating electricity.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the heating portion of the Stirling engine.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of the heating portion.
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of the heating portion.
  • FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the heating portion.
  • the heating portion 10 of the Stirling engine includes a heating portion head 10 a and U-shaped tubes 11 , 12 and 13 .
  • the heating portion head 10 a is formed into a spherical shape whose outer surface is convex and whose inner surface is concave.
  • the U-shaped tubes 11 , 12 and 13 are mounted on the outer surface of the heating portion head 10 a .
  • a plurality of through holes are formed in the heating portion head 10 a as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the U-shaped tubes 11 , 12 and 13 are fixed to the through holes.
  • a first heat-transfer tube group A located on an upstream side of flow of exhaust gas and a second heat-transfer tube group B located on a downstream side of the flow of the exhaust gas are formed on the heating portion head 10 a .
  • the first heat-transfer tube group A and the second heat-transfer tube group B are provided symmetrically with respect to a division phantom line Y of the heating portion head 10 a as viewed from above.
  • the first heat-transfer tube group A includes the U-shaped tubes 11 , 12 and 13 having different sizes and similar shapes, and the U-shaped tubes 11 , 12 and 13 are disposed on the same plane.
  • the U-shaped tubes 11 , 12 and 13 are arranged in the direction of the row.
  • the U-shaped tubes 11 comprise a plurality of U-shaped tubes 11 a , 11 b , 11 c . . . having the same shapes and sizes arranged in the direction of the row.
  • First through holes 30 R which are in communication with the high temperature space 3 are formed in a center region R of the heating portion head 10 a
  • second through holes 30 S which are in communication with the regeneration portion 5 are formed in an outer peripheral region S of the heating portion head 10 a .
  • the second through holes 30 S are disposed in a form of arcs. In this embodiment, since three kinds of U-shaped tubes 11 , 12 and 13 having different sizes are used, three arcs are formed. As shown in FIG. 5 , the first through holes 30 R and the second through holes 30 S are arranged in three rows (inner row, intermediate row and outer row).
  • a distance between one of the first through holes 30 R existing in the inner row and one of the second through holes 30 S existing in the inner row at the corresponding location, a distance between one of the first through holes 30 R existing in the intermediate row and one of the second through holes 30 S in the intermediate row at the corresponding location, and a distance between one of the first through holes 30 R existing in the outer row and one of the second through holes 30 S existing in the outer row at the corresponding location are equal to each other.
  • the first through holes 30 R in the same row are disposed in a form of an arc having the same curvature as that of the second through holes 30 S existing in the corresponding row.
  • One ends of the U-shaped tubes 11 , 12 and 13 are mounted in the first through holes 30 R, and the other ends of the U-shaped tubes 11 , 12 and 13 are mounted in the second through holes 30 S.
  • the first through holes 30 R are formed closer to the center region R of the heating portion head 10 a as compared with the second through holes 30 S, one ends of the U-shaped tubes 11 a , 11 b , 11 c . . . are mounted in the first through holes 30 R, and the other ends of the U-shaped tubes 11 a , 11 b , 11 c . . . are mounted in the second through holes 30 S. According to this, since operation gas can flow between the high temperature space 3 and the regeneration portion 5 through the U-shaped tubes 11 a , 11 b , 11 c . . . , a flow passage resistance can be reduced.
  • FIG. 6 is a bottom view showing another embodiment of the heating portion of the Stirling engine.
  • three U-shaped tubes 11 , 12 and 13 are located on both ends of in the first heat-transfer tube group A and the second heat-transfer tube group B.
  • FIG. 6 there exist only two U-shaped tubes 12 and 13 on both ends of in the first heat-transfer tube group A and the second heat-transfer tube group B. Since the first heat-transfer tube group A and the second heat-transfer tube group B are provided symmetrically with respect to the division phantom line Y, the U-shaped tubes 12 and 13 are effectively disposed in the outer peripheral region S having a shorter distance from the division phantom line Y in this embodiment, and the heating amount is increased.
  • the three U-shaped tubes 11 , 12 and 13 are disposed, but in both ends, two U-shaped tubes 12 and 13 can be disposed on both the ends as in the present embodiment.
  • the number of tubes is changed on both ends as in the present embodiment, the number of tubes disposed at an intermediate position may be changed.
  • FIGS. 7 to 11 Another embodiment of the heating portion of the Stirling engine will be described using FIGS. 7 to 11 .
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a configuration of the heating portion of the Stirling engine of the embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a plan view of the heating portion.
  • FIG. 9 is a side view of the heating portion.
  • FIG. 10 is a front view of the heating portion.
  • FIG. 11 is a bottom view of the heating portion.
  • a heating portion 10 of this embodiment includes a heating portion head 10 a , and the heating portion head 10 a includes a third heat-transfer tube group C and a fourth heat-transfer tube group D.
  • a plurality of U-shaped tubes 14 configuring the third heat-transfer tube group C and a plurality of U-shaped tubes 15 configuring the fourth heat-transfer tube group D are provided symmetrically with respect to a division phantom line X of the heating portion head 10 a as viewed from above.
  • the division phantom line X is a phantom line which intersects with the division phantom line Y at right angles.
  • the U-shaped tubes 14 and 15 configuring the third heat-transfer tube group C and the fourth heat-transfer tube group D are formed large so that they upwardly straddle the U-shaped tubes 11 , 12 and 13 which configure the first heat-transfer tube group A and the second heat-transfer tube group B.
  • the third heat-transfer tube group C and the fourth heat-transfer tube group D are further provided, it is possible to increase the heating amount.
  • the first through holes 30 R which are in communication with the high temperature space 3 are formed in the center region R of the heating portion head 10 a
  • the second through holes 30 S which are in communication with the regeneration portion 5 are formed in the outer peripheral region S of the heating portion head 10 a
  • the second through holes 30 S which corresponds to the first heat-transfer tube group A and the second heat-transfer tube group B are disposed in a form of arcs.
  • two kinds of U-shaped tubes having different sizes are used for the first heat-transfer tube group A and the second heat-transfer tube group B, and two arcs are formed by the through holes in the outer peripheral regions S which correspond to the first heat-transfer tube group A and the second heat-transfer tube group B. As shown in FIG.
  • the first through holes 30 R and the second through holes 30 S corresponding to the first heat-transfer tube group A and the second heat-transfer tube group B are basically arranged in three rows. (inner row, intermediate row and outer row). A distance between one of the first through holes 30 R existing in the inner row and one of the second through holes 30 S existing in the inner row at the corresponding location, a distance between one of the first through holes 30 R existing in the intermediate row and one of the second through holes 30 S in the intermediate row at the corresponding location, and a distance between one of the first through holes 30 R existing in the outer row and one of the second through holes 30 S existing in the outer row at the corresponding location are equal to each other.
  • the first through holes 30 R in the same row are disposed in a form of an arc having the same curvature as that of the second through holes 30 S existing in the corresponding row.
  • the second through holes 30 S which correspond to the third heat-transfer tube group C and the fourth heat-transfer tube group D are disposed in the outer peripheral region S of the heating portion head 10 a between the second through holes 30 S of the first heat-transfer tube group A and the second through holes 30 S of the second heat-transfer tube group B.
  • the first through holes 30 R corresponding to the third heat-transfer tube group C and the fourth heat-transfer tube group D are disposed in the center region R of the heating portion head 10 a between the first through holes 30 R of the first heat-transfer tube group A and the first through holes 30 R of the second heat-transfer tube group B.
  • FIG. 12 Another embodiment of the U-shaped tubes configuring the heating portion of the Stirling engine will be described using FIG. 12 .
  • FIG. 12 is a partially cut-away perspective view of U-shaped tubes which configure the heating portion of the Stirling engine of this embodiment.
  • Each of U-shaped tubes 16 of this embodiment includes a smooth circular tube 16 a and a corrugated outer tube 16 b which is spirally formed around an outer surface of the smooth circular tube 16 a . Since operation gas flows through the smooth circular tube 16 a , a flow passage resistance is low, heat transfer of a location outside of the tube is promoted, and heat exchanging efficiency can be enhanced.
  • operation gas may be made to flow through the outer tube 16 b without providing the smooth circular tube 16 a .
  • the heat transfer area is increased by the corrugated spiral shape, operation gas flow is disturbed, Reynolds number is enhanced in a turbulent flow region, the heat transfer is promoted and the heat exchanging efficiency can be enhanced.
  • the U-shaped tube is made of copper having high thermal conductivity, the heat exchanging efficiency can be enhanced.
  • the heating portion head is made of copper or stainless steel.
  • the U-shaped tube is made of stainless steel to secure strength.
  • the heating portion head is made of stainless steel.
  • U-shaped tube and a heating portion head made of copper or stainless steel are subjected to surface coating such as chromium-based surface coating, ceramic flame spraying (coating) or surface coating using Ni or carbon coating, thereby enhancing endurance.
  • surface coating such as chromium-based surface coating, ceramic flame spraying (coating) or surface coating using Ni or carbon coating, thereby enhancing endurance.
  • corrosive exhaust gas such as chlorine-based corrosive exhaust gas or corrosive exhaust gas such as nitric acidhydrofluoric acid
  • the U-shaped tube is made of titanium or nickel-chromium alloy, reliability and endurance can be enhanced, and a weight of the engine can largely be reduced.
  • Titanium has smaller density as compared with the stainless steel by about 40 to 50%, strength is high and density is smaller and thus, the member can be made thinner as compared with stainless steel, and this is especially suitable for a Stirling engine used in an incinerator and a glass smelting furnace.
  • the heating portion head is made of stainless steel.
  • the heating portion head shows excellent welding properties by adjusting welding condition, and the U-shaped tube is inserted into a flue which configures the exhaust gas flow passage.
  • the U-shaped tubes 11 a , ( 12 , 13 ) 11 b and 11 c are disposed such that gaps are formed therebetween with respect to soot such as carbon included in exhaust gas. Therefore, a brush which passes through the gap is prepared, and the brush can easily pass through the gap between the U-shaped tubes. By periodically removing impurities such as soot which adheres to the U-shaped tubes at the time of maintenance, it is possible to recover the heat exchanging efficiency.
  • the method of removing impurities in a heat-transfer tube group which will be described below can be applied even if the heat-transfer tube group do not have a configuration of the invention.
  • detecting means which detects reduction in temperature of the heat-transfer tube group (U-shaped tubes) and control means which changes a flow rate of exhaust gas in a flue are provided, the detecting means detects reduction in temperature of the heat-transfer tube group, and the flow rate of exhaust gas is temporarily abruptly increased by the control means. According to this, impurities adhering to the heat-transfer tube group can be blown away.
  • the detecting means may detect a temperature of the heat-transfer tubes and the high temperature space 3 , but it is preferable that the detecting means detects reduction of generated electricity when the method is used for the power-generating device, and the detecting means detects reduction in an output when the method is used for the power device. It is preferable that the control means can be set in a plurality of stages in accordance with a flow rate of exhaust gas to be increased. It is possible to effectively remove impurities by changing a flow rate of exhaust gas to be increased by the control means in accordance with the temperature reduction.
  • timer means which sets operation time in the control means.
  • the operation for increasing the flow rate of exhaust gas which is carried out by the control means may be completed when the detecting means detects that an amount of reduction in temperature of the heat-transfer tubes falls within a predetermined range.
  • impurities which adhere to the heat-transfer tubes have high adhering strength, as the removing mode of impurities, it is effective to reduce the number of revolutions of the Stirling engine, to stop the operation of the Stirling engine, or reduce the amount of generated electricity at the Stirling engine, thereby rising a temperature of the heater.
  • the heat-transfer tubes configuring the heating portion 10 becomes the cooling portion, the heat-transfer tubes radiates heat and thus, a temperature at the heat-transfer tubes rises, and impurities which adhere to the heat-transfer tubes can be peeled off. Therefore, it is possible to increase the maintenance period, and to eliminate the need of the maintenance of the heat-transfer tube group depending upon a kind of exhaust gas.
  • the removing mode of impurities can be carried out by the detecting means which detects reduction in a temperature of the heat-transfer tube group (U-shaped tubes).
  • the removing mode of impurities may periodically be carried out based on predetermined processing time instead of the detecting means which detects the reduction in temperature of the heat-transfer tube group (U-shaped tubes).
  • a reduction stage of the number of revolutions of the Stirling engine, a stop stage of operation of the Stirling engine, and a reverse rotation stage of the Stirling engine may be set in accordance with adhering strength of impurities, and they may be carried out in stages.
  • entire heating portion head inserts and install into exhaust gas, but it is of course possible to carry out the invention in such a manner that waste heat inserts a solid heat source, i.e., the U-shaped tubes into a thermal insulation which is configured into a high temperature portion, e.g., furnace equipment such as a tunnel furnace formed around the U-shaped tubes by solid heat transfer which is connected to the high temperature portion, thereby recovering energy.
  • a solid heat source i.e., the U-shaped tubes into a thermal insulation which is configured into a high temperature portion, e.g., furnace equipment such as a tunnel furnace formed around the U-shaped tubes by solid heat transfer which is connected to the high temperature portion, thereby recovering energy.
  • a combustion type heating furnace such as an apparatus including an electric heater such as a CVD apparatus and a dispersion apparatus used in a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus, an electric furnace used for dissolving such as alumina, and a natural gas
  • a combustion type heating furnace such as an apparatus including an electric heater such as a CVD apparatus and a dispersion apparatus used in a semiconductor manufacturing apparatus
  • an electric furnace used for dissolving such as alumina, and a natural gas
  • the heat-transfer tubes such as the U-shaped tubes is inserted into the furnace instead of cooling by pneumatic transportation, thermal energy is taken into the Stirling engine by heat conduction of high temperature gas caused by the operation gas and according to this, energy can be recovered.
  • the cooling operation is carried out from a heat-absorbing portion of a heater of the Stirling engine without absorbing heat using operation gas such as outside gas, thereby eliminating a way of escape and according to this, the Stirling engine can absorb heat.
  • the Stirling engine can absorb most of the effective heat amount in the furnace, energy can be recovered efficiently, it is easy to control a cooling temperature and excessive cooling operation is not carried out uselessly.
  • the Stirling engine of the present invention can be utilized as a power-generating device and a power device which makes full use of a heat source such as waste heat and biomass.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
US13/394,302 2009-12-09 2010-12-09 Stirling engine Expired - Fee Related US8899037B2 (en)

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EP2511507A4 (en) 2014-12-10
EP2511508A4 (en) 2014-10-22
CN202732151U (zh) 2013-02-13
JP5255126B2 (ja) 2013-08-07
US9097206B2 (en) 2015-08-04
WO2011070787A1 (ja) 2011-06-16
CN202732152U (zh) 2013-02-13
WO2011070786A1 (ja) 2011-06-16
US20120159945A1 (en) 2012-06-28
JP5425934B2 (ja) 2014-02-26
EP2511508B1 (en) 2017-05-03
EP2511508A1 (en) 2012-10-17
EP2511507A1 (en) 2012-10-17
EP2511507B1 (en) 2016-05-11
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US20120159944A1 (en) 2012-06-28
JPWO2011070787A1 (ja) 2013-04-22

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