US8505237B2 - Process for enhancing plant growth - Google Patents

Process for enhancing plant growth Download PDF

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US8505237B2
US8505237B2 US12/308,277 US30827707A US8505237B2 US 8505237 B2 US8505237 B2 US 8505237B2 US 30827707 A US30827707 A US 30827707A US 8505237 B2 US8505237 B2 US 8505237B2
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pigment yellow
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butyl
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liv
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US20100186294A1 (en
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Marcello Vitale
Rayyan G. Hashem
David M. Lines
Federica Rossi
Rita Baraldi
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/14—Greenhouses
    • A01G9/1438—Covering materials therefor; Materials for protective coverings used for soil and plants, e.g. films, canopies, tunnels or cloches
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
    • C08K5/0041—Optical brightening agents, organic pigments
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor

Definitions

  • the instant invention relates to a process for enhancing plant growth in greenhouses or plant tunnels or over mulches by incorporating one or more yellow pigments or dyes into a greenhouse, mulch film or glazing and exposing the plants through or over such film to solar radiation so that specific and defined ratios of the light transmitted, emitted or reflected between 410 to 450 nm, 380 to 410 nm and 450 to 500 nm are obtained.
  • a further aspect of the invention is the use of one or more yellow pigments or dyes as plant growth enhancing additive in polymeric films for greenhouses, plant tunnels or mulches or a coating for greenhouse glazing so that specific and defined ratios of the light transmitted, emitted or reflected between 410 to 450 nm, 380 to 410 nm and 450 to 500 nm are obtained.
  • Antignus et al. The use of UV absorbing plastic sheets to protect crops against insects and spread of virus diseases, CIPA Congress March 1997, pp. 23-33].
  • bee activity requiring a certain band of UV radiation, needs to be retained in greenhouses in order to ensure fructification on flowering plants, e.g. tomato, cucumber, pumpkin etc.
  • Plant growth is more directly regulated by photosynthesis, photomorphogenesis and photoperiodicity. All these processes require light and contribute in a unique way to plant development. If the spectrum of the outside solar radiation can be significantly modified by the optical properties of the glazing or film covering a greenhouse or of a mulch covering the ground, a change in plant growth may occur. Changes in the radiation transmitted or reflected by the agricultural film induce photosynthetic and photomorphogenic effects and can result in modifications of the metabolism, architecture and shape of the plants with significant consequence on the value of the crop.
  • Light used by the plants for their energy needs is that falling within the PAR region (Photosynthetically Active Radiation), defined as all photons between 400 and 700 nm.
  • the best known photomorphogenic parameter used by plants is the ratio of Red (600-700 nm) to Far Red (700-800 nm), as for example disclosed in EP1413599.
  • the impact of higher energy blue light and very near UV, 380-500 nm is also very important, as shown for example in Brian Thomas and H. G. Dickinson, Evidence for two photoreceptors controlling growth in de - etiolated seedlings, Planta No. 146 p. 545-550 (1979), although much less well understood. This wavelength range is the region of primary interest in the present invention
  • One aspect of the invention is a process for enhancing bio-mass production in agricultural applications, by
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show the UV/Vis spectra of the samples of Example 1 in 150 micron plastic films.
  • FIG. 3 shows the UV/Vis spectra of samples of Example 2 in 180 micron 3:2 LDPE/LLDPE blown films.
  • FIG. 4 shows the UV/Vis spectra of samples of Example 3 in 150 micron LDPE blown films.
  • FIG. 5 shows the UV/Vis spectra of samples of Example 4 in 150 micron LDPE blown films.
  • FIG. 6 shows the UV/Vis spectra of samples of Example 5.
  • Sample 5.1 is a 180 micron thick 3:2 LDPE/LLDPE blown film.
  • Samples 5.2 and 5.3 are 150 micron thick LDPE blown films.
  • the spectra are presented as % T vs. wavelength (nm) and are performed on a Perkin Elmer LAMBDA 35 UV/Vis spectrometer equipped with an integrating sphere.
  • the parameters I and I 0 are measured as a function of wavelength, for example by means of a spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere in order to measure the direct and the scattered portion of the transmitted light.
  • the other parameters in the above equations are determined analogously.
  • Absolute value in the equations above in the mathematical sense means always the positive number of the respective difference.
  • LIV light intensity variation
  • any further selective light intensity modification may happen at the same time as the inventive one in regions of the solar spectrum outside of the 380-500 nm range, leading for example to changes in R/FR (600-700 nm vs. 700-800 nm) or in heat shielding effects (absorption or reflection of light of wavelength longer than 700 nm).
  • the inventive light modification can be obtained via the use of selectively light absorbing pigments or dyes, of selectively light-emitting pigments or dyes, of selectively light reflecting pigments or dyes or of their combination in any order.
  • electromagnetic radiation in the range of 300 to 800 nm, preferably solar radiation in the range between 400 and 700 nm. It is, however, also possible to use artificial light between 400 and 700 nm.
  • the one or more pigments or dyes are incorporated in an amount of totally 0.01% to 2% in particular from 0.05 to 1% by weight, based on the weight of the thermoplastic or crosslinked polymer. If more than one pigment is used each one is present in an amount from 0.01% to 0.5%.
  • Pigments are in general preferred.
  • Suitable pigments are yellow pigments selected from the group consisting of Monoazo Yellow Pigments, Disazo Condensation Pigments, Azo Laked or Salt Pigments, Metal Complex Pigments, Metal Salt Pigments, Isoindoline Pigments, Isoindolinone Pigments, Anthraquinine Pigments, Anthrapyrimidine Pigments, Quinophthalone Pigments and other Heterocyclics.
  • Individual pigments can be selected from the above classes. They are, for example, listed in Industrial Organic Pigments, edited by W. Herbst, K. Hunger, V C H Weinheim, New York, 1993 and are commercially available.
  • Suitable pigments are yellow pigments selected from the group consisting of C.I. Pigment Yellow 184, C.I. Pigment Yellow 93, C.I. Pigment Yellow 95, C.I. Pigment Yellow 168, C.I. Pigment Yellow 68, C.I. Pigment Yellow 183, C.I. Pigment Yellow 109, C.I. Pigment Yellow 13, C.I. Pigment Yellow 62, C.I. Pigment Yellow 199, C.I. Pigment Yellow 110, C.I. Pigment Yellow 128, C.I. Pigment Yellow 180, C.I. Pigment Yellow 155, C.I. Pigment Yellow 151, C.I. Pigment Yellow 215, C.I. Pigment Yellow 138 and C.I. Pigment Yellow 139.
  • Pigments can also be provided in combination with a resin.
  • thermoplastic polymer film can be made from a variety of polymers. Examples are given below.
  • Polyolefins i.e. the polymers of monoolefins exemplified in the preceding paragraph, preferably polyethylene and polypropylene, can be prepared by different, and especially by the following, methods:
  • Homopolymers and copolymers from 1.)-4.) may have any stereostructure including syndiotactic, isotactic, hemi-isotactic or atactic; where atactic polymers are preferred. Stereoblock polymers are also included.
  • Homopolymers and copolymers may have any stereostructure including syndiotactic, isotactic, hemi-isotactic or atactic; where atactic polymers are preferred. Stereoblock polymers are also included.
  • thermoplastic polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyolefin, a polyester, a polyvinylalcohol, a polyvinylacetate and a polycarbonate.
  • thermoplastic polymers are also starch modified polyolefines, starch based polymer composites, biopolymers such as polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, polyglycollic acid, polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate, polybutylene succinate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyhydroxyalcanoate or polyethylene adipate.
  • biopolymers such as polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, polyglycollic acid, polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate, polybutylene succinate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyhydroxyalcanoate or polyethylene adipate.
  • polyolefins or polyvinylacetates in particular (PE), polyethylene, (LDPE), low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), (VLDPE), (ULDPE) and ethylvinylacetate (EVA).
  • PE polyethylene
  • LDPE low density polyethylene
  • LLDPE linear low density polyethylene
  • VLDPE linear low density polyethylene
  • ULDPE ethylvinylacetate
  • EVA ethylvinylacetate
  • thermoplastic polymer is in the form of a film with a thickness from 10 ⁇ to 300 ⁇ , in particular from 10 ⁇ to 200 ⁇ .
  • the film is a multilayer construction of between 2 and 7 polymer layers containing one or more pigments in at least 1 layer.
  • a relatively large amount of the pigment or pigments for example 1-15% by weight, is applied in a thin layer (10-20 ⁇ ) to a shaped article made from a polymer containing little or no pigment.
  • Application can be made at the same time as the shaping of the base article, for example by coextrusion.
  • application can be made to the base article after it has been shaped, for example by lamination with a film or by coating with a solution.
  • the crosslinked polymer is a paint or coating on a transparent inorganic or organic support.
  • crosslinked paints or coatings are applied on a polymeric substrate such as, for example, described above or on glass panels.
  • the thickness of the coating is typically from 10 ⁇ to 100 ⁇ , preferably from 20 ⁇ to 60 ⁇ .
  • an additional additive is incorporated in the thermoplastic or crosslinked polymer.
  • the additive is suitably selected from the group consisting of a UV-absorber, a sterically hindered amine light stabilizer, a phenolic antioxidant, a phosphite or phosphonite, an antistatic additive, a processing aid, a filler or reinforcing material and an antifog additive.
  • a further aspect of the invention is the use of one or more yellow pigments selected from the group consisting of Monoazo Yellow Pigments, Disazo Condensation Pigments, Metal Complex Pigments, Isoindolinone Pigments and Anthrapyrimidine Pigments in a thermoplastic or crosslinked polymer, which is in the form of a film or glazing for greenhouses or small tunnel covers, a film or filament for shading nets and screens, mulch films, non-wovens or molded articles for the protection of young plants for enhancing bio-mass production in agricultural applications.
  • one or more yellow pigments selected from the group consisting of Monoazo Yellow Pigments, Disazo Condensation Pigments, Metal Complex Pigments, Isoindolinone Pigments and Anthrapyrimidine Pigments in a thermoplastic or crosslinked polymer, which is in the form of a film or glazing for greenhouses or small tunnel covers, a film or filament for shading nets and screens, mulch films, non-wovens or molded articles for the protection of young plants for enhancing bio-mass production in agricultural
  • A ( LIV 410-450 ⁇ LIV 380-410 )/
  • ⁇ [( I ⁇ I 0 )/ I 0 ] 410-450 ⁇ [( I ⁇ I 0 )/ I 0 ] 380-410 ⁇ / ⁇ absolute value of [( I ⁇ I 0 )/ I 0 ] 410-450 ⁇ 0.04
  • B ( LIV 410-450 ⁇ LIV 380-410 )/
  • ⁇ [( I ⁇ I 0 )/ I 0 ] 410-450 ⁇ [( I ⁇ I 0 )/ I 0 ] 450-500 ⁇ / ⁇ absolute value of [( I ⁇ I 0 )/ I 0 ] 410-450 ⁇ 0.04
  • a spectral light modification according to this invention is tested for its effect on gypsophilia, a cut flower used in great quantities in floral arrangements and bouquets. It is compared to a control spectral light modification of the 380-500 nm region falling outside the scope of this invention, and to a colorless control check.
  • the spectral light modifications are reported in FIG. 3 and are obtained by way of plastic films covering the tunnels in which the flowers are grown (180 microns thick blown films made of 3:2 LDPE/LLDPE blends).
  • the spectra in FIG. 3 were measured with a Perkin Elmer LAMBDA 35 UV/Vis spectrometer, equipped with an integrating sphere.
  • the film compositions are shown in Table 3.
  • a spectral light modification according to this invention is tested for its effect on cucumbers grown in controlled condition in a climate-control chamber. It is compared to a wavelength-neutral control light modification reducing photosynthetically active radiation (flux of photons of wavelength between 400 and 700 nm) by the same amount as the inventive film and to a control spectral light modification of the 380-500 nm region falling outside the scope of this invention.
  • the spectral light modifications measured with a Perkin Elmer LAMBDA 35 UV/Vis spectrometer, equipped with an integrating sphere, are as reported in FIG. 4 .
  • the spectra are obtained by way of cover plastic films (150 microns LDPE blown films) of the same type as those commonly used on greenhouses and tunnels. Such films contain additives able to modify the solar spectrum as shown in FIG. 4 , as well as other additives commonly used to make them stable to the environment. Their composition is shown in Table 5.
  • the solar visible light spectrum is approximated by a set of fluorescent, incandescent and low sodium pressure artificial lights.
  • the spectral light distribution inside each box is measured in 2 nm steps at the beginning of the experimental period with a Li-Cor 1800 spectroradiometer. All light measurements made in different positions beneath the box showed the homogeneity of light. Weekly irradiance measurements were taken during the experimental period to check for possible variability in spectral quality and relative irradiance level, and none were found.
  • Trials were carried out with uniform plants of Cucumis sativus cv Verde obtained from seeds germinated in greenhouse. The seedlings are then transplanted individually in 51 plastic pots containing peat and sand (1:1) and transferred in a walk-in growth chamber.
  • the filters are placed at 20 cm from the artificial light sources for air circulation to prevent damages for high temperature. Twenty plants are grown under identical conditions of temperature, watering, fertilization and handling under both filters, at 26 ⁇ 2° C. under 16 h light/8 h dark cycles. The plants are well watered during the entire experimental period. They are placed at 5 cm apart and their tops are maintained at the calculated distance to the filter by adjusting the height of the artificial light and filters as plant elongate during the experiments.
  • a spectral light modification according to this invention is tested for its effect on tomatoes grown in controlled condition in a climate-control chamber. It is compared to a wavelength-neutral control light modification reducing photosynthetically active radiation (flux of photons of wavelength between 400 and 700 nm) by the same amount as the inventive film and to two control spectral light modifications of the 380-500 nm region falling outside the scope of this invention.
  • the spectral light modification measured with a Perkin Elmer LAMBDA 35 UV/Vis is spectrometer, equipped with an integrating sphere, are as reported in FIG. 5 , and are obtained by way of cover plastic films (150 microns LDPE blown films) of the same type as those commonly used on greenhouses and tunnels. Such films contain additives able to modify the solar spectrum as shown in FIG. 5 , as well as other additives commonly used to make them stable to the environment. Their composition is shown in Table 7.
  • the solar visible light spectrum is approximated by a set of fluorescent, incandescent and low sodium pressure artificial lights.
  • the spectral light distribution inside each box is measured in 2 nm steps at the beginning of the experimental period with a Li-Cor 1800 spectroradiometer. All light measurements made in different positions beneath the box show the homogeneity of light. Weekly irradiance measurements are taken during the experimental period to check for possible variability in spectral quality and relative irradiance level, and none are found.
  • Trials are carried out with uniform plants of Lycopersicon esculentum cv Roma obtained from seeds germinated in greenhouse. The seedlings are then transplanted individually in 51 plastic pots containing peat and sand (1:1) and transferred in a walk-in growth chamber.
  • the filters are placed at 20 cm from the artificial light sources for air circulation to prevent damages for high temperature. Thirtysix plants are grown under identical conditions of temperature, watering, fertilization and handling under each filters, at 26 ⁇ 2° C. under 16 h light/8 h dark cycles. The plants are well watered during the entire experimental period. They are placed at 5 cm apart and their tops are maintained at the calculated distance to the filter by adjusting the height of the artificial light and filters as plant elongate during the experiments.
  • a spectral light modification according to this invention is tested for its effect on courgettes (a.k.a. zucchini, Cucurbita pepo L.). It is compared to a control spectral light modification of the 380-500 nm region falling outside the scope of this invention, and to a colorless control check.
  • the spectral light modifications are reported in FIG. 6 and are obtained by way of plastic films covering the tunnels in which the flowers are grown.
  • Sample 5.1 is a 180 microns thick blown film made of 3:2 LDPE/LLDPE blends
  • samples 5.2 and 5.3 are 150 microns thick blown films made of LDPE.
  • the spectra in FIG. 6 were measured with a Perkin Elmer LAMBDA 35 UV/Vis spectrometer, equipped with an integrating sphere.
  • the film compositions are shown in Table 9.

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Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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EP06115868.9 2006-06-22
EP06115868 2006-06-22
EP06115868 2006-06-22
PCT/EP2007/055793 WO2007147758A2 (en) 2006-06-22 2007-06-13 Process for enhancing plant growth

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EP (1) EP2038331A2 (enExample)
JP (1) JP5122561B2 (enExample)
CN (1) CN101479326B (enExample)
AR (1) AR061549A1 (enExample)
BR (1) BRPI0713720A2 (enExample)
IL (1) IL195530A (enExample)
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US20120210637A1 (en) * 2009-07-24 2012-08-23 Masataka Kamahara Lighting environment control facility for cultivation of crops, pest control method, and intensive cultivation method
US20160088802A1 (en) * 2013-05-24 2016-03-31 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Dynamic light recipe for horticulture
US10689529B2 (en) 2014-04-11 2020-06-23 Sun Chemical Corporation Pigments for filtering the solar spectrum
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US11457568B2 (en) * 2014-12-15 2022-10-04 Symbiotic Systems, Inc. Multiple colors, and color palettes, of narrowband photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) time-staged over hours, days, and growing seasons yields superior plant growth

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US20120099305A1 (en) * 2008-12-10 2012-04-26 Jeffery Bucove Rgb led package for optimized emissions of photosynthetically active radiation
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WO2015193800A2 (en) * 2014-06-16 2015-12-23 Nine Ip Limited Netting material
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IL195530A (en) 2014-06-30
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TW200816915A (en) 2008-04-16
WO2007147758A8 (en) 2009-02-12
CN101479326B (zh) 2011-11-16
JP5122561B2 (ja) 2013-01-16
WO2007147758A2 (en) 2007-12-27
IL195530A0 (en) 2009-09-22
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MX2008016119A (es) 2009-01-15
AR061549A1 (es) 2008-09-03

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