US829992A - Turbine. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED SEPT. 4, 1906.

W. P., NEWMAN.

TURBINE.

APPLIOATION FILED APR.24, 1905.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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W. F. NEWMAN.

TURBINE.

APPLIOATION FILED 9219.24, 1905.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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PATENTED SEPT. 4, 1906.

W. F. NEWMAN.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 24, 1905.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Irl-IEA No. 829,992.. PATBNTED SEPT. 4, 1906.

W. P. NEWMAN..y

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR.24, 1905.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

UNITED sTATEs ilPATENT EEroE.

WILLIAM FARISH NEWMAN, OF FOREST LODGE, NEAR SYDNEY, NEW l i SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA. i

.Tum-SINE.

Specication of Letters Patent..

Patented Sept. 4, 1 906.

Application filed April 24,1905. Serial No. 257.254.

To all whom, it may concern.- l

Be it known that I, WILLIAM FARIsH NEW- MAN, engineer, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at No. 31 Arundel Terrace, Forest Lodge, near Sydney, in the State of New South Vales., Commonwealth of Australia, have invented certain new vand useful Improvements in Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in turbines driven by steam or otherelastic fluid,

gether with other details, as hereinafter more particularlydescribed.

l will now refer to the accompanying drawings in order that my invention may be clearly comprehended. Y

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a steam-turbine constructed according to this 3o invention. Fig. 2 'is a sectionv through the line A B,'Fig. 1, illustrating the construction and arrangement ofthe vanes. Figs. 3, 4, and 5 illustrate thre of the vanes in detail. Figs. 3A, 4A, and 5A illustrate three Ways in which concentric rings may 'be-used to revent leakage of steam between the moving and fixed varies and at the hub or vperiphery of the wheels. Fig. 6 is a sectiona plan, on an enlarged scale, illustrating three vanes. Fig. 7 is a section illustrating a modified arrangel ment of vane's as applied -to a reversing-turbine. Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section of an adjustable nozzle or injector. Fig. v9 is a longitudinal-central section through a modified construction of adjustable nozzle; Fig. 10 an elevation, and Fig. 11 a detail, thereof. Fig. 12 is an elevation, partly in section, illustrating a modified arrangement of adjustable hinged nozzle. Fig.v 13 isa longitudinal section of a combined steam and in'ector nozzle for using steam divergently. Fig. 14 is a front elevation ofvparts lforming steam pockets or guides, passa es, or return spaces; and Fig. 15, 'a section t ough the line C D,

vcentric rings 8, held together by screws or 't0 the 1b ,3, 'Preferably extend'to' three con.. 'Centric' ro-WSf-(OT the IllfX-IDIXI number; as

vergent pieces on an enlarged scale. Fig. 16A is a front elevation illustrating another form of return-passage, while Fig. 16B is a de" tail of same. Fig. 17 is a longitudinal section showing decreasing passages vbetween Vthe rings. Fig. 18 is a detail in section, showing relation of fixed and moving'vanes in Fig. 17. Fig. 19 is a central longitudinal section, Fig. 21 a front elevation, and Fig. 2O a detail plan, illustrating a further adaptation of the injector action of my nozzles and reversingpockets. Fig. 22 is a longitudinal section, and Fig. 23 asection through the line E F,

Fig. 22 illustrating another form of reversingturbinewith injector action. Figs. 24 and 25 are respectively 4a longitudinal elevation, partly in section, and detail through fixed and moving vanes ot a turbine internally steam-heated. Fig. 26 isa longitudinal section, and Fig. 27 a partial end elevation, illustrating means whereby a shaft, hub, drum, and moving vanes may be removed without disturbing other parts of turbine.

The same numerals referl to the same or corresponding parts. l

Referring to Figs. 1 to 6, 1 is the turbinecasing. 2 is the shaft, on which is keyed or otherwise secured the hub 3, carrying radial v'moving vanes 4. The iixed vanes 5 are of similar construction, but set at divergent angles to the moving `varies and are secured to the casing by means of screws 6 and to lperforated flanges 7. The vanes, both fixed-v4 and moving,` are divided by pairs ofcouotherWise to form the passages for the steam; but l may use single rings ,in attaching the vanes to the casing, hub, or return passages or pockets. These rings 8 preferably coincide Withrecesses 9, made in the sides of the: vanes to receive them, and are preferably.

at angles other'than a right angle to protect the moving and .xed vvaries from coming Yinto contact 4with each other and to act as guides rings Withvanes which are not recessed, and I may use ringhsi of.. hollow sect1on. .The movin vanes, .W ch are rigidly securechin or theA case-[may be;,) additionalvanes being in-g A terposed betweeneachylong vane thelscc-'l 14. Fig. 16 is a detail sectional plan of di- 5 5 provided with flanges 10, which may incline Io .forthe steam.v `I mayhowever, use the with the preferably set an at angle to ond row and between each long and" intermediate vane inthe third row, "the whole being held together by the several concentric rings 8. It is evident, however7 that the vanes may be built up in concentric rows of short vanes instead of long vanes, with shortV vanes interposed and held together by rings, thereby facilitating construction and inspection. The rings also may be made in segments. The vanes are preferably dovetailed into one another atpthe peripher of the wheels, at the hub, and where hel by the rings, as 'shown in Fig. 2, and they are a radial line, so that the egress of the steam is of a less sectional area than in the present turbines. The outer `rings 12 may have flanges 11 for the purpose of holding packing or a ring or ribbon of metal 13 between them. Instead of the outer rings 12 I may use a light flanged band or ribbon wound round between` the flanges with wire of a high tensile strength.y

14 is a steam-tight flanged ring or rings ine closing the moving vanes, or the peripheral fixed rings may have flanges continued over the moving vanes, or in some cases these rings 14 ma be dispensed with. 15 is a steam-ring divided into sections or compartments to supply steam to the nozzles onto the vanes 5 through the passage 17, which ;may be of the same or an increasing sectional area. The nozzle 16 and passage 17 are each constructed of two preferablyflanged rings, forming together av circular conical nozzle. 18 is the inner casing, and 19 represents divergent guides in the expansionspaces 23. 20 is valve to steam-ring 15. 21 is screw bearing on the inner casing.`

The operation of the turbine illustrated in Figs. 1 to 6 is as follows: The ring 22 is con? nected to the high-pressure steam, the said ring being in communication with the ring 15, controlled by the valve 20. The steam issuing from the nozzle or nozzles 16 enters the passage 17, which acts as an injector and impinges against the row of fixed vanes 5 nearest the center, and is diverted onto the vanes 4, causing the wheel to rotate. The steam leaves the moving vanes at a reverse angle and enters the next row of fixed vanes. The steam then passes into the first expane sion-space 23, in which are a number of guides 1), and then through the second row of fixed and moving vanes into the second expar1sionspace before rfentering the third row of fixed and moving vanes, after which it passes through the perforated flanges 7 back toward the nozzles 16 and exhaust. If desired, I may use live-steam nozzles in one or more of the return-passages or expansionspaces 23, and the passage 17 may be made adjustable to the nozzle 16. l may dispense ports 17 and cause the steam from the nozzles 16 to inipinge directly onto the vane-s.

In Fig. keys -25, Which may be of various cross-section. In this formas applied to a reversing tors and are fixed into recesses in each vane or between the vanes, where they are held together by the ringsS. These keys assist to form a steam-tight joint and to resistthe centrifugal action.

In Fig. 8 the passage 30 is made adjustable in relation to the nozzle by means of the le.- ver 31, the operating-ha`ndle of which ex- 7 the vanes 4 are held together by Y tends outside the casing, and it may be brought up close to the nozzle, and thus' shut off the injector action. Although I showT fixed vanes or wheels of vanes attached at the openings to the return or expansion spaces in the ends .of the casing, I may in some cases dispense with them or have them to extend over part of the opening. I may also use nozzles to impinge the steam directlyv onto moving vanes.

In Figs. 9 to 11, 16 represents nozzles; 15, steam-supply chamber; 32, steam-pipes,- 33, glands 34, boss 5 1,casing 35, supports, and 36 anges. 37 represents blocks or guides, and 38 recesses therein, the nozzles 16 being formed between the guides. The nozzles 16 preferably first converge and then diverge toward their outlets. The part40 of nozzle is preferably made inone piece with its supi ports 35 and boss 34. The part 42 of the nozzle is preferably flanged at 36 and made TOO steam-tight with the supports 35 and part 40.

The steam-pipe 32 preferably passes through a gland 33 in the casing and is suitably connected to the steam-supply. The whole of the nozzle is made adjustable to the vanes or to the passage 17, Fig. 1, and may be operated by a suitable lever or the hke. It will be seen that the parts 40 and 42 form between them the nozzles 16 and steam-supply chamber 15 and may be blocked into sections, as shown clearly in Figs. 10 and 11.

In Fig. 12 a nozzle is shown adjustable by means of slides 44 45 and linked spindle 46. 47 is a slotted piece at right angles to slide 44 forholding the nozzle 16 in position. 22 is a steam-supply chamber, and 49 a valve to admit steam to inlet 50. The valve 49 has a conical seating 52, the rear of which has a seating in the casing or steam-chamber and is screwed into part 52*, which may be flanged to make it more rigid. The seating 52 is also held by set-screw 53. 54 is an elbow, referably set at right angles to passage o valve 49. 55 is a connection from the elbow 54 to the nozzle 16. The link 48 connects spindle 46, nozzle 16, and steam connection 55. E" is slot in piece 47, and 57 is pin toward the rear of nozzle engaging in said slot. The dotted lines in Fig. 412 show a ring connecting jector-passage 58 has opening preferably at 60,- the steam passing through and out at 61. The passage 58 may be curved, as shown in dotted linesinstead of being straight and need not necessarily' be of circular section or' of the same area'throughout, and the bulge or swelling 62 may be dis ensed with. The passage may have .suitab e guides 59.

In Figs. 14 and 15 are shown a number of parts 64,- forming steampockets or guides in passages or return-sp aces, such as at 23, Fig. 1. T-hese pockets may have blocks or pieces in them, as shown at 76, Fig. 20.

Fig. 16 is a sectional plan of divergent parts or pieces on an enlarged scale. The pockets 23 are preferably divided intoconcentric spaces by the circular ring 63, Figs. 14 and 15, and 8,-Fig. 1. The pockets need not be evenly spaced or of uniform area and may be of other forms, such as 23, Figs.- 1 and 17'. The divergent parts 64 may be made adjustable to each other, so as to increase or decrease their areas.

Fig. 16,A and Fig. 16B illustrate another form of return-passage. The steam'enters at 65 and thence into 66, which has preferably a narrower radial diameter than at the inlet 65. The guide-vanes 66* are attached or secured in or to the steam-exit 66. I may use any of the steam-pockets such as are shown in Figs.`

16A and 16B reversely, the steam leaving at 651, such as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 16B.

In Figs. 17 and 18 are shown passages 68 of decreasing area, being .formed by the concentric rings 8. I preferably use the larger fixed vanes or guide-pieces 70 to divide the 'passages 68 into sections. Smaller vanes 71 may be placed between the larger, as in Fig. 18. The guides 70 may be attached to a ring of vanes, and they need not necessarily be of the shape shown. The return-passages 23 may have nozzles 16A attached or formed in them instead of guide-vanes. vanes or rings 8 may be blocked between the passages, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 25.

Referring to Figs. 19 to 21, 3 is hub; 22, steam-ring; 16, nozzles; 1, casing; 4, moving vanes or wheel. 73 is channel leading into pocket '74 7 5, pocket ,of increased area 8,

rings dividing the moving. vanes. 76 is a block in the pocket 74. The action of this iform is'that the steam leaving the nozzle 16 at a high velocity enters the vanes of the turbine-wheel, preferably nearest the hub, at a divergent angle and reverses therefrom into the passage or channel '73, preferably under The fixed the block 76, into the pocket 74 and is there reversed or expanded, preferably through guide-vanes, again in to the moving wheel and then into the pocket 75, when it may be again returned into another section of the moving wheel.

In Figs. 22 and 23 are views of a reversingturbine using an injector action. 2 is shaft; 3, hubs 1, casing; 8 0, bearing 81 disk with guide-vanes 82. 83 84 are passages for steam to leave or enter reverse-moving wheels 85 86. 87 88 are guide-pieces and reversingpieces, respectively, in the passages 83 84. 16 -is steam-nozzle. 88* isa curvedrecess in disk 81, or it may be an opening,as shown at 89. 90 and 91 are supports of passages 83 tnd 84, carried toward the center or agxia-l me. the disk 81. The passages preferably contract at .93 and 94. In operation, the steam passing through wheel 85 from a nozzle V16 passes through opening 89 in disk 81, preferably with guides, into vane-wheel 86, revolving in an opposite direction, and then into passages 84, where it is stopped by the block 88 and either exhausts at 94 or is again passed through wheel 86 by converging passage 94 or by guides, thence again through opening in disk 81, similar to 89, and then into wheel 85. The disk may be provided with shutters, or it may have a circular cut-off. In some cases I may use the reversing-wheel and disk without passages 83 84.

In Figs. 24 and 25is shown a turbine internally steam-heated. 95 96 are live-steam channels or rings; 83 84, passages for steam to rings from steam-supply. 98 represents large l fixed vanes. 8 represents concentric rings. lIn

this case the steam enters the rings 95 and 96 through the connections 83 84 and passes from them preferably to divergent nozzles 16 into the first' moving wheel of vanes 4, passing thence, preferably through fixed vanes 5, into another moving wheel of vanes 4. The steam thence passes into the steam-heated passage 97, formed by the concentric rings 8 and large I guides 98 and fixed vanes or parts 98`i, into the vane-wheel 4. The steam- rings 95 and 96 may have cut-OHS. If I arrange my fixed vanes 981 as shown in Fig. 25,'I may attach nozzles 16 on the steam-ring 96 or Imay disense with-nozzles and use vanes only or use nozzles-only.

In Figs. 26and 27, 100 represents keys; 1, casing 101, removable covers on ends of casing. f v4 represents moving wheels 3 -7 6, block, preferably on the inner rings of movin n vane-wheels 102, recess for block in keys 10 103'represents smaller keys to lift and hold in position the larger keys 100. 104 represents set-screws for'keys 103, and 105 represents adjusting-screws in keys to the'wheels. To remove the moving Wheels, the coversare taken off at one or both ends. TheI keys 103 are then withdrawn, thereby alle-wing the 92 is a slot of any suitable section in ICO IOS

IIO

large keys 100 to drop farther into the recesses 106 and release them from the inner rings of the moving wheels. The large keys can then be withdrawn, also the shaft and hubs,V leaving the moving wheels free to be taken out. In some cases I may use springs to hold the keys 100 to the wheels. The large keys may be stepped, as at 107.

Although I have described my improvements in many instances as employed with an injector-nozzle, I would have it understood that I do not restrict myself to such, as I may use live steam directly on the vanes or in passages or from the passages.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States,

l. In elastic-fluid turbines, a hub or drum carrying radial vanes connected together by concentric rings 8 which are attached to the sides of said vanes, substantially as set forth.

2. In elastic-fluid turbines, a hub or drum having radial vanes extending to the periphery thereof, and heldtogether by concentric rings attached to the sides of the vanes,

shorter vanes interposed between said vanes secured between said concentric rings, sub-v stantially as set forth.

3. In elastic-Huid turbines, a hub or drum having radial vanes extending to the periphery thereof, and recesses on both sides of the vanes in combination with concentric rings fitting tightly within said recesses, substantially as set forth.

4. In elastic-Huid turbines, a hub or drum having radial vanes extending to the periphery thereof and held together by concentric rings attached tothe sides thereof, said vanes being dovetailed into each other, substantially as set forth. l

5. In elastic-fluid turbines, a hub or drum having radial vanes extending to the periphery thereof and held together by' concentric rings attached to the sides thereof, saidvanes .being secured by keys, substantially as set forth.

6. In elastic-fluid turbines, a hub or drum having radial vanes extending to the periphery thereof and having adjacent thereto guide-vanes, passages, pockets, ports, curved recessed disks with ports and shutters thereseaeee having radial vanes extending to the periphery thereof, and passages, nozzles, pockets, ports and disks, the combination therewith,

- of means for adjusting the injector-nozzles to said van-es, passages, pockets, ports and disks,

substantially as set forth and as illustrated.

8. In elastic-fluid turbines, a hub or drum having radial vanes extending to the periphery thereof, the combination with injector' nozzles, of shutters for cutting off the elastic fluid, substantially as set forth.

9. .In elastic-fluid turbines, a hub or drum having radial vanes extending tothe periphy ery thereof and provided withpassages, pockets, ports and disks, an injector-nozzle situated in line with an eration-passage for conveying the elastic fluid to the vanes, passages, pockets, ports and disks, and means for ad- ]usting said injection-passage to the nozzle, substantially asset forth.

10. In elastic-fluid turbines, a'hub or drum having radial vanes extending to the periphn ery thereof, an adjustable injector-nozzle attached to a hinged fluid-supply pipe, substantially as set forth.

11. ,.In elastic-fluid turbines, a hub or drum having radial vanes extending to the periphery thereof, an ad'ustable injector-nozzle attached to the flui -supply pipe, said pipe being adapted to slide in steam-tight connections, substantially as set forth.

12. In elastic-huid turbines, a hub or drum provided with axial recesses, large keys iitting said recesses and carrying radial vanes, and smaller keys to lift and hold said larger keys, substantially as set forth, and as illustrated.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM FARISH NEWMAN.

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