US762453A - Elastic-fluid turbine. - Google Patents

Description

No. 762,453. PATENTED JUNE 14, 1904. J. 0. STURGEON.

ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 25, 1904.

N0 MODEL.

No. 762,453. Patented June 14, 1904.

UNITED STATES- PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN C. STURGEON, OF ERIE, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO ALBERT F. DOBLER, OF GIRARD, PENNSYLVANIA.

ELASTIC-FLUID TURBINE.

SPECIFICATION forming partof Letters Patent No. 762,453, dated June 14, 1904.

I Application filed February 25,190 Serial No. 195,215. (No model.)

To all who/"1 J 007166771! chamber for each annular chamber in the 50 Be it known that I, JOHN C. STURGEO'N, a shell, connected therewith by a pipe, so that citizen of the'United States, residing at Erie, the steam-pressure .in each annular chamber in the county of Erie and State of Pennsylvais communicated to the corresponding pres- 5 nia, have invented certain new and useful Imsure or thrust chamber connected therewith.

provementsin Elastic-FluidTurbine-Engines; Another feature in the construction of this 55 and I do hereby declare the'following to be a engine is the making of the diagonal steamfull, clear, and exact description of the invenjet openings in the inner walls of the chamtion, such as will enable others skilled in the bers in the shell in the formof round holes art to which it appertains to make and-use the bored diagonally through the inner chambersame, reference being had to the accompanywalls instead of diagonal slots therein, by 60 ing drawings, and to the letters of reference which means I greatly simplify'the construcmarked thereon, forming part of thisspeciiia tion of the inner chamber-walls. cation. These and other features of my invention M y invention relates to elastic-fluid turbineare hereinafter fully set forth and explained,

engines, and has for its objects the comhiriaand illustrated in the accompanying drawings, 5 tion in an engine comprising substantially a in which shell having a series of annular chambers Figure 1 is a view, partially in elevation therein closed at their rear endsand having and partially in section, of an elastic-fluid turthe inner walls thereof provided with slots or bine-engine embodying my invention. Fig.

steam-jet openings at angles to lines radiating 2 is an end view of the same, partially in ele- 7 from the axes of said chambers and hereinafvation and partially in section, on the line :0 a; ter designated as diagonal slots orsteam-jet in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a like view of a modified openings, and a rotatable cylinder mounted construction of the same.

therein concentric with the inner walls of In the drawings illustrating my invention said chambers and provided on its periphery the shell of the engine is preferably made in 75 with rows of vanes coinciding with and adjatwo half-sections A A, secured together by cent to the inner walls of said chambers, of a means of flanges a and bolts a, passing thereseries of pressure or thrust chambers, preferthrough. On the inlet end of the shell I seably in the rear end of the shell and operatcure a suitable head B, provided with an aning against the longitudinal thrust of the cylnular steam-chamber B and a steam-inlet 6. 8O

inder in that direction, each of which pres-' In the shell A A, I secure walls O O, which sure or thrust chambers is connected with one form the rear end and inner walls of a series of the annular chambers in the shell, so that of annular chambers D D D in the shell A 3 5 the steam-pressure in each pressure or thrust A, these end and inner chamber-walls C O chamber corresponds to the pressure in the being preferably made in half-sections se- 5 annular chamber in the shell connected therecured together and removably secured in the with, whereby the longitudinal pressure of' shell A A. the steam on the cylinder is equalized in both In the inner walls O of the annular cham- 40 directions. I accomplish this result in the bers DD D Imake diagonal steam-jet openconstruction of engine herein shown by formings c, preforabl y in the shapeof conical holes 9 ing on the rear end of the cylinder a series of 0, gradually decreasing in area from the inlet steps and inthe rear head of the shell correto the outlet thereof, as illustrated in Figs. 1 sponding steps, the combination of each step and 2. I can, however, make diagonal steamon the cylinder and the corresponding step in jet openings 0 in the inner chamber-walls O,

the shell-head forming a pressure or thrust as illustrated in Fig. 3, in which the steamchamber, from which a pipe leads to a correjet openings 0 are enlarged from the inlet sponding chamber in the shell, and in the consubstantially half of the length thereof and struction shown there is one pressure or thrust then contracted to acomparatively small opening 0 from whence to the outlet ends of said openings they are again enlarged, which feature is clearly illustrated in Fig. 3. 1 can, however, utilize either form of steam-jet opening thus shown and described with good results.

At the outlet end of the shell I make an exhaust-chamber E, provided with an exhaustoutlet E, and I provide the rear end of the shell A A with a head F, the outer end of which is stepped down in regular stages, so as to form a series of radial and annular outer compression or thrust chamber wallsfj ffor compression or thrust chambers (Z J (1, from which pipes (1 Ur (wr lead to and connect with the annular chambers l) I) l)" in the shell, so that the-steam-pressu re in said annular chambers I) I) l) is thereby respectively communicated to the pressure or thrust chambers (Z (Z corresponding thereto.

On the shaft H, I mount a rotatable cylin der H concentrically with the inner walls C of the annular chambers l) l) I)", and on the periphery of the cylinder H there are rows of spiral vanes I I l coinciding with and adjacent to the inner walls C of said chambers. The end of each row of vanes under the inlet ends of said chambers are closed, and the opposite end of each row of vanes are open, so that the steam passes out from the open end of each row of vanes into the annular chamber succeeding thereto and from the open end of the last row of vanes into the exhaustchamber E. The rear end of the cylinder II is preferably extended out into the rear head of the shell and is provided with step-down shoulders 71/ /21 It on the end thereof corresponding to the steps f j" f on the head F and operate to form the inner radial and annular walls of the pressure or thrust chambers (ZWZ (I, so that the steam-pressure in said chambers is communicated to the cylinder in opposition to the pressure of the steam in the chambers D I) I) acting thereon.

The peripheral walls of each of the shoulders /1 /1/ it operate in close proximity to the inner wall of each stepfff on the head, and annular grooves 71. are therein provided, preferably in both adjacent surfaces, which operate to form an automatic steam-packing therefor.

In operation the steam enters the lirst chamber D and is discharged against the first row of cylinder-vanes I and passes out of the open ends of said row of vanes into the chamber I), from whence it is discharged as before, this operation being consecutively repeated by the steam in its traverse through all of the chambers until it is discharged from the last row of vanes into the exhaustchamber E. canwhile when the steam enters the first chamber I) a portion thereof passes through the pipe (at to the pressure or thrust chamber (7, and as it enters the second chamber I) a portion thereof from that chamber passes through the pipe G to the pressure or thrust chamber 6! and in like manner from the chamber D to the pressure or thrust chamber (Z whereby the pressure of the steam acting upon the cylinder longitudinally in both directions is equalized at whatever pressure the steam may be in the chambers 1) I) D In this construction 1 have shown and described three annular chambers .l) D I) in the shell and the like number of pressure or thrust chambers (Z (Z J in the shell-head. It is obvious, however, that .I can use any desired number of the annular chambers in the shell and an equal or greater number of pressure or thrust chambers connected therewith with good results, the important feature being to so arrange them with relation to each other that the action of the steam therein upon the cylinder will be substantially equalized in both directions. It is also obvious that the system of pressure or thrust chambers herein shown and described can be utilized in the construction of any elastic-fluid turbine-engine in which the steam is consecutively discharged from a series of chambers against vanes on a cylinder rotating within such series of chambers.

Therefore, having shown and described my invention so as to enable others to construct and utilize the same, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. The combination in an elastic-fluid turbine-engine, comprising substantially a shell having a series of annular chambers therein, a rotatable cylinder and vanes thereon coinciding with and adjacent to the inner walls of said chambers, of one or more pressure or thrust chambers acting longitudinally on said cylinder in opposition to the thrust thereon caused by the action of the steam in its passage through the engine, and conduits connecting one or more of said annular chambers with said pressure or thrust chamber or chambers, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination in an elastic-fluid turbine-engine, of ashell havinga series of annular chambers therein, a rotatable cylinder concentric with the inner walls of said chambers, vanes on said cylinder coinciding with and adjacent to the inner walls of each chamber, two or more pressure or thrust chambers acting on the rear of said cylinder longitudinally in opposition to the action of the steam thereon in its passage through the engine, and pipes or steam-passages connecting some of said annular chambers with said pressure or thrust chambers, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination in anelastic-fluid turbine-engine, of a shell having a series of annular chambers therein the inner walls whereof are provided with diagonal steam-jet openings, a rotatable cylinder concentric with the inner walls of said chambers, a row of vanes on the cylinder coinciding with and adjacent to the inner Wall of each chamber, a series of pressure or thrust chambers acting longitudinally on the rear end of the cylinder, a pipe or duct connecting each annular chamber with a pressure or thrust chamber corresponding thereto, substantially as set forth.

4:. The combination in an elastic-fluid turbine-engine, of a shell having a series of annular chambers consecutively increasing in capacity from the inlet to the exhaust of the engine, the inner walls of which are provided with diagonal steam-jet openings, a rotatable cylinder concentric with the inner Walls of said chambers, a row of vanes on the cylinder coinciding with and adjacent to the inner Wall of each chamber, a series of pressure or thrust chambers communicating longitudinal pressure against the rear end of the cylinder in opposition to the longitudinal thrust caused by the action of the steam passing through the annular chambers in the shell, and a pipe or conduit connecting each annular chamber with a corresponding pressure or thrust chamber, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination in an elastic-fluid turbine-engine, of a sectional shell, removable annular chamber end and inner walls forming a series of annular chambers therein consecutively increasing in capacity from the steaminlet to the exhaust of the engine, and having diagonal steam-jet openings in the inner Walls of said chambers, a rotatable cylinder concentric with the inner walls of said chambers, a row of spiral vanes on the cylinder coinciding with and adjacent to the inner wall of each chamber, a series of pressure or thrust chambers communicating longitudinal pressure to the cylinder in opposition to the longitudinal thrust thereon caused by the action of the steam passing through the annular chambers in the shell, and a pipe or duct connecting each annular chamber in the shell with a pressure or thrust chamber corresponding thereto, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN C. STURGEON.

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