US763425A - Steam-turbine. - Google Patents

Description

BATENTED JUNE 28, 1904.

W. L. POPE. STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICIATION FILED MAR. 26.1904.

4 SHBBTSSHEET 1,

N0 MODEL.

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- w. L. POPE.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLIOATION FILED MAR. 25, 1904.

2 T E B H S s T E E H S 4 \X/l N55555: km?! ms warms co.. Puoru-uTno WASHING No. 763,425. PATENTED JUNE 28, 1904.

' W. L. POPE.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 26, 1904. N0 MODEL.

4 SHEETS-SIIEET 3.

', No. 763,425. PATENTED JUNE 28, 1904..

' w. L. POPE.

STEAM TURBINE;

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 26, 1904. no MODEL. 4 sums-sum 4.

i will afiiiiw wgifyw z z: f\ I Patented June 28, 1904.

Fries.

\VILLIAM L. POPE, OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK.

- STEAM-TURBINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N0. 763,425, dated June 28, 1904.

Application filed March 26,1904.

To all w/wm it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, WILLIAM L. POPE, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Rochester, in the county of Monroe and'State V of New York, have invented a new and Improved Steam-Turbine, of which the following thus deflected from and by the stationary vanes or nozzles against the rotatingblades. It has been usual in the construction of such motors or prime movers to deflect the steam first from a set of stationary vanes against a set of radially-projecting and angularly-disposed blades, and then by reaction from such blades the steam is caused to strike against another set of stationary vanes, from which it is again deflected and caused to strike against a second series of revolving blades angularly disposed and radially arranged also like the first set, and so on, stationary vanes alternating with revolving blades. There has been some objection to such an arrangement as just above described in that the steam as it expands is not afforded a larger chamber in which to operate, and therefrom results a measurable backlash or back pressure.

An essential feature of my present invention consists in such an arrangement of the vanes and blades fixed and rotating as will overcome this objection just mentioned and afford an opportunity for the expansion of the steam while acting upon each individual blade or series of blades. In overcoming these difficulties I have preferred to make use of suitable cylinders as revolving elements to support the revolving blades, couically formed on the' exterior peripheries and having suitably coiiforined thereto the fixed vanes, with the steamf'allgwed to enter at the smaller end and escape thelarger end of the conicallyarranged so that the increased periphcra .p coupled with the increased capacity at thelarger endof the conically-arrangedsystem, affords an ample opportunity for the expansive action of the steam.

Serial No. 2( )0,103. (N0 model.)

I have found it desirable to arrange two or more of such systems as just above described tandem, with each system after the first of a diameter considerably larger than that of the preceding system, affording thus a still further opportunity for the expansive action of the steam.

In the accompanying drawings I have shown my invention as embodied in two pair of such systems as above described arranged tandem and with a third system atone end of the second ones and of larger diameter and arranged also to be discharged into by the larger ones of the first pair. Such drawings are as follows:

Figure 1 is a side view of my engine, and

Fig. 2 is a plan view thereof with the upper half of the inclosing case removed and shows also the revolving cylinders for supporting the revolving blades in a central horizontal section and with the main shaft supporting such cylinders shown in full. Fig. 3 shows the revoluble elements of my engine as removed therefrom and with only one blade secured upon each member thereof, such blades being shown as presented to the observer and arranged nearly or quite in axial alinement. Fig. 4; shows in side view the system of stationary vanes or nozzles V inclosing the revoluble element B. Fig. 5 shows this element B in side view with one of the blades 6 thereon and with the upper portion only of the encircling system of stationary blades V in central vertical section. In this figure there is also seen the revolving collar 5 as secured upon the shaft 1* at the right-hand end of this element B and with an oil-tube 11 extending downwardly through a hole thereforin the right-hand end of the system of blades V and also extending from thence upwardly through the boss 0 therefor, seen on the upper side of my engine in Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a partial view of a cross-section of the parts of my engine, taken at the line m 1 in Fig. 5, while Fig. 7 is a view of a similar cross-section of my engine, taken along the line :0 y of Fig. 5. Fig. 8 is a view of the end of one of the blades 6 and shows the method of attachment thereof, while Fig. 9 shows a cross-section of one of such blades 5, taken at about the line m y of Fig. 5. Fig. 10 is a side view of the stationary system of vanes T and with a portion of the upper part of the case of my engine shown in vertical central section. Fig. 11 is a vertical central sectional view through the upper part of the case of my engine and also through the upper part of the system of vanes or nozzles T and shows also the central element A of my engine with only two of the blades (0 and a thereon. Fig. 12 shows a cross-section of the parts of my engine, taken along the line 09 g of Fig. 11, while Fig. 13

shows a similar cross-section of my engine, taken along the line of Fig. 11. As all of the elements or members B and B and O and their encircling system of nozzles or stationary vanes are exactly similar in construction and operation, I have shown only one of such systems in detail-viz., B and its encircling system of blades or nozzles V in Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 7. Fig. 14 shows above the central horizontal line in vertical section and below such line in side view a modified arrangement of rotary engine embodying my invention with such connections between corresponding systems as will serve to equalize the pressure exerted upon such corresponding systems and also the lateral thrust exerted at such corresponding systems upon the shaft carrying the rotating parts of my engine.

Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

Referring to the drawings, my engine consists of a case comprising upper and lower halves H and H, the lower half being secured, as indicated, to the base S, which carries the usual journal-boxes and supports J and J, within which the shaft r is arranged to revolve in the usual way. Upon this shaft 9 there are secured the cylindrical elements A, B, B, and C, preferably chambered or hollow, as indicated, to reduce the weight. Upon the cylindrical element A are secured the blades a and a by means of bolts passing through suitable feet on the ends thereof, as indicated. Of these blades (0 and a there may be any desired number. They are preferably arranged, however, at a somewhat greater distance apart than the blades of impact-engines as usually constructed. This element A, with the blades a and a thereon, is trued off on its outer periphery, and the blades are gradually widened radially as they approach the ends of the element A.

Supported within the parts of the casing H and H is seen the stationary system of vanes or nozzles T, having the blades t arranged as indicated in Fig. 10, whereby steam entering the chamber L, surrounding this system of nozzles or vanes T, is deflected inwardly and obliquely around the element A and also toward the ends and from the center longitudinally thereof, and thereby caused to impinge against the blades (0 and a, causing them to revolve in the usual way. The steam,

passing outwardly to the right and to the left between such blades (6 and a and inside of the inclosed ends of the system of nozzles or vanes T, passes to the right and to the left outwardly and around the systems of vanes V and V and into the chambers M and M,encircling respectively such systems of stationary vanes or nozzles V and V, and is then deflected inwardly and obliquely around and outwardly to the right and to the left by the vanes o and o and against the blades Z) and I) on the elements B and B, causing them also to revolve in the usual way. The steam as it passes outwardly at the right and to the left, respectively, between the blades 7/ and I) and Within the closed portion of the system of stationary vanes or nozzles V and V takes the following courseviz. that escaping to the left enters the chamber F, around the stationary system of vanes or nozzles W, and down between the vanes or nozzles w, by which it is deflected inwardly and obliquely around and outwardly to the left through and between the blades 0, supported upon the element C. The steam escaping to the right through and between the blades Z) enters the chamber D, seen at the right-hand end of this element B,from whence it is conducted by pipe P, as indicated in Fig. 1, to the chamber F, whence it takes the course already described with regard to the steam escaping to the left through and between the blades 5 on the element B. The steam as it escapes to the left from and between the blades 0 on the elementC enters the chamber E, having openings E E extending to the front and to the rear and constituting the exhaust-openings, from which the steam may be conveyed by suitable pipes to a point of discharge in the open air. At 0 is seen the boss or connection for the lead or supply pipe from the boiler or source of supply of steam for the. engine.

In the lower section of the case H are seen suitable hand-holes pp p, which may have the usual cap-pieces. Suitable bosses 0 and 0 are provided for the oil-tubes leading down' wardly and to the collars s and s constructed, arranged, and operating in the manner already indicated with reference to the boss 0 and the tube '5 arranged to supply oil to the collar .8 All of these collars .9, s and s are secured to the shaft 9 and arranged to revolve freely within suitable grooves therefor in the smaller ends of the system of stationary vanes or nozzles W, V, and V, respectively. The systems of stationary vanes or nozzles W, V, and V are constructed in halves and secured together in the manner indicated in Fig. 4 and then accurately bored out internally and turned off on the outside and then bolted within the bored-out peripheries of the case H H, such case H H being thus bored out to receive thelarger and continuous peripheries. of the systems of vanes or nozzles W, V, and V, the bolts for securing these parts together be ing indicated at f, g, g, it, and it in Fig. 1.

Attention is called to the fact that to avoid confusion Figs. 6, 7, 12, and 13 show crossseetions of the parts taken at the points specified, while, however, in Figs. 12 and 13 some of the vanes a are shown as they would appear in a sectional view of the parts.

The operation of my engine is as follows: The steam as it is conveyed by a suitable leadpipe, connected to my engine and at the point e, enters through such opening a and into the chamber L and is deflected thence by the vanes 23 against the blades (4 and a, causing the element A to revolve, the steam passing outwardly, thence to the right and the left between the blades 0 and a enters the chambers M and h and is deflected thence by means of the vanes 22 and o against the blades 7) and 7/ on the elements B and B, causing them to revolve in the same direction as the element A, and thence, as already described, it passes through the chamber F and is deflected from thence by the vanes 10 against the blades 0 on the element C, causing it to revolve in the same direction with the elements A, B, and B, and from thence the steam enters the chamber E, and from thence it passes out through the openings E and E.

Attention is called to the following points in the operating of my engine-viz., that the steam as it progresses in its course outwardly between any two adjacent revolving blades of the same system is continually advancing to a point where it may occupy a greater space, owing to the gradually increasing radial depths of the revolving blades. Each system of revolving blades after the first one afiords a greater space for the expansive action of the steam in its passage therethrough than was afforded by the next preceding system. Attention is also called to the fact that the steam is caused by each system of stationary vanes or nozzles to be deflected inwardly and obliquely around each revoluble element and against the blades carried by such revoluble element and that such blades extend obliquely around such revoluble elements in such a way that the steam is deflected by such nozzles or vanes against such revoluble blades nearly or quite at right angles thereto and that the steam as it finally escapes through and from any system of revoluble blades acts 'angularly thereon, causing them to revolve and at the same v time affording also a decreased resistance to the passage of the steam axially out between such revolving blades and to the next succeeding chamber.

Refer now to Fig. 14, which shows partially in side view and partially in vertical central" revoluble parts. A similar connecting-pipe D is arranged to connect in a similar way the chambers F and F, while a third connectingpipe D serves to connect the exhaust-chamber E at the left-hand end of the engine with a similar exhaust-chamber'E at the right-hand end of the engine, into which steam from the right-hand chamber F is arranged to exhaust. In the center of this exhaust-pipe D there is arranged an enlarged opening E to which a suitable final exhaust-pipe connection can be made.

The arrangement just described, it will at once be understood, is such that at corresponding parts or upon corresponding systems of my engine the steam-pressure is equalized, from which it at once results that the longitudinal thrust upon the main shaft is also equalized, and any tendency to inequalities of pressure at corresponding points or upon corresponding systems and corresponding inequalities of thrust are-at once overcome and remcdied.

What I claim is 1. In a rotary engine a revoluble element carrying a series of blades spirally arranged on the periphery of such element and a series of stationary vanes or nozzles also spirally disposed and arranged to project a series of streams of steam against the blades on such revoluble element, a chamber circumferen tially inclosing such revoluble blades permitting the escape of steam between such blades in a direction axial or nearly so to the cylinder supporting them and means for maintaining a supply of steam under pressure'to, between and through such stationary vanes or nozzles.

2. In a rotary engine a revoluble element carrying a series of blades spirally arranged on the periphery of such element and aseries of stationary vanes or nozzles also spirally disposed and arranged to project a series of streams of steam against the blades on such revoluble element, a chamber circumferentially inclosing such revoluble blades permitting the escape of steam only between such blades in a direction axial or nearly so to the cylinder supporting them and means for maintaining a supply of steam under pressure to, between or through such stationary vanes or nozzles, the space between adjacent ones of such revoluble blades presenting a series of cross-sectionalareas gradually increasing toward the discharging end of such system of revoluble blades.

3. In a rotary engine two or more systems each comprising a revoluble element carrying a series of blades spirally arranged on the periphery of such element and a series of stationary vanes or nozzles also spirally disposed and arranged to project a series of streams of steam against the blades on such revoluble element, a chamber circumferentially inclos'ing such revoluble blades permitting the escape of steam only between such blades in a direction IIO axial or nearly so to the cylinder supporting them, means tor maintainmg a supply ofsteam under pressure to, between or through such stationary vanes or nozzles and means for discharging t-he steam from each one of such systems (except the last) into the next succeeding system whereby such systems are connected up and operate in tandem.

4. In a rotary engine two or more systems each comprising a revoluble element carrying a series of blades spirally arranged on the periphery of such element and a series of stationary vanes or nozzles also spirally disposed and arranged to project a series of streams of steam against the blades on such revoluble element, a chamber circumfcrentially inclosing such revoluble blades permitting the escape of steam between such blades in a direction axial or nearly so to the cylinder supporting them, means for maintaining a supply of steam under pressure to, between or through such stationary vanes or nozzles, the spaces between adjacent ones of such revoluble blades presenting a series of cross-sectional areas gradually increasing toward the discharging end of such system of revoluble blades and means for discharging the steam from each one of such systems (except the last) into the next succeeding system whereby such systems are connected up and operate in tandem.

5. In a rotary engine two or more systems. each comprising a revoluble element carrying a series of blades spirally arranged on the periphery of such element and a series of stationary vanes or nozzles also spirally disposed and arranged to project a series of streams of steam against the blades on such revoluble element, a chamber circumt'erentially inclosing such revoluble blades permitting the escape of steam only between such blades in a direction axial or nearly so to the cylinder supportmg them, means for maintaining a supply of steam under pressure to, between or through such stationary vanes or nozzles and means for discharging the steam from each one of such systems (except the last) into the next succeeding system whereby such systems are connected up and operate in tandem, each one of such systems after the first presenting steam-spaces of greater cross-sectional area than those presented at approximately similar points in the preceding system.

6. In a rotary engine two or more systems each comprising a revoluble element carrying a series of blades spirally arranged on the pe riphery of such element and a series of stationary vanes or nozzles also spirally disposed and arranged to pro ect a series of streams of steam against the blades on such revoluble element, a chamber circumt'erentially inclosing such revoluble blades permitting the escape of steam between such blades in a direction axial or nearly so to the cylinder supporting them, means for mamtamlng a supply of steam under pressure to, between or through such stationary vanes or nozzles, the space between adjacent ones of such revoluble blades presenting a series of cross-sectional areas gradually increasing toward the discharging end of such system of revoluble blades and means for discharging the steam from each one of such systems (except the last) into the next succeeding system whereby such systems are connected up and operate in tandem, each one of such systems after the first presenting steam-spaces of greater crosssectional area than those presented at approximately similar points in the preceding system.

7. In a rotary engine two or more systems each comprising a revoluble element carrying a series of blades spirallyarranged on the periphery of such element and a series of sta tionary vanes or nozzles also spirally disposed and arranged to project aseries of streams of steam against the blades on such revoluble element, a chamber circumferentially inelosing such revoluble blades permitting the escape of steam only between such blades in a direction axial or nearly so to the cylinder supporting them, means for maintaining a supply of steam under pressure to, between or through such stationary vanes or nozzles, means for discharging the steam from each one of such systems (except the last) into the next succeeding system whereby such systems are connected up and operate in tandem and interconnections between corresponding systems in such engine for equalizing the steampressure in such corresponding systems and also the thrust exerted in such corresponding systems upon the main shaft of the engine.

8. In a rotary engine two or more systems each comprising a revoluble element carrying a series of blades spirally arranged on the periphery of such element and a series of sta tionary vanes or nozzles also spirally disposed and arranged to project a series of streams of steam against the blades on such revoluble element, a chamber circumferentially inclosing such revoluble blades permitting the escape of steam between such blades in a direction axial or nearly so to the cylinder supporting them, means for maintaining a supply of steam under pressure to, between or through such stationary vanes or nozzles, the spaces between adjacent ones of such revoluble blades presenting a series of cross-sectional areas gradually increasing toward the discharging end of such system of revoluble blades, means for discharging the steam from each one of such systems (except the last) into the next succeeding system whereby such systems are connected up and operate in tandem and interconnections between corresponding systems in such engine for equalizing the steam-pressure in such corresponding systems and also the thrust exerted in such corresponda series of blades spirally arranged on the periphery of such element and a series of stationary vanes or nozzles also spirally disposed and arranged to project a series of streams of steam against the blades on such revoluble element, a chamber circumferentially inclosing such revoluble blades permitting the escape of steam only between such blades in a direction axial or nearly so to the cylinder supporting them, means for maintaining a supply of steam under pressure to, between or through such stationary vanes or nozzles, means for discharging the steam from each one of such systems (except the last) into the next succeeding system whereby such systems are connected up and operate in tandem, each one of such systems after the first presenting steam-spaces of greater cross-sectional area than those presented at approximately similar points in the preceding system and interconnections between corresponding systems in such engine for equalizing the steam-pressure in such corresponding systems and also the thrust exerted in such corresponding systems upon the main shaft of the engine.

10. In a rotary engine two or more systems each comprising a revoluble element carrying a series of blades spirally arranged on the periphery of such element and a series of stationary vanes or nozzles also spirally disposed and arranged to project a series of streams of steam against the blades on such revoluble element, a chamber circumferentially inclosing such revoluble blades permitting the escape of steam between such blades in a direction axial or nearly so to the cylinder supporting them, means for maintaining a supply of steam under pressure to, between or through such stationary vanes or nozzles, the spaces between adjacent ones of such revoluble blades presenting a series of cross-sectional areas gradually increasing toward the discharging end of such systems of revoluble blades, means for discharging the steam from each one of such systems (except the last) into the next succeeding system whereby such systems are connected up and operated in tandem, each one of such systems after the first presenting steam-spaces of greater cross-sectional area than those presented at approximately similar points in the preceding system and interconnections between corresponding systems 1n such engine for equalizing the steam-pressure in such corresponding systems and also the thrust exerted in such corresponding systems upon the main shaft of the engine.

11. In a rotary engine two or more corresponding systems of right-hand and left-hand spirally-disposed blades arranged upon a revoluble element and means for projecting against such blades a series of streams of steam under pressure and interconnections between the steam-supplies for such corresponding right and left hand systems of spirally-disposed blades whereby the pressure exerted upon corresponding right and left hand systems is equalized and whereby also the longitudinal thrust exerted upon such shaft by such corresponding right and left hand systems is equalized.

12. In a rotary engine two or more corresponding systems of right-hand and left-hand spirally-disposed blades arranged upon a revoluble element and means for projecting against such bladesa series of streams of steam under pressure and interconnections between the exhaust-chambers for such corresponding right and left hand systems of spirally-disposed blades whereby the pressure exerted upon corresponding right and left hand systems is equalized and whereby also the longitudinal thrust exerted upon such shaft by such corresponding right and left hand systems is equalized.

13. In a rotary engine two or more corresponding systems of right-hand and left-hand spirally-disposed blades arranged upon a revoluble element and means for projecting against such blades a series of streams of steam under pressure and interconnections between the steam-supplies and exhaust-chambers for such corresponding right and left hand systems of spirally-disposed blades whereby the pressure exerted upon corresponding right and left hand systems is equalized and whereby also the longitudinal thrust exerted upon such shaft by such corresponding right and left hand systems is equalized.

WILLIAM L. POPE.

Witnesses: v

OSBORNE F. GURNEY, CLARA M. SIEVER.

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